Abstract: A process for obtaining vinyl compounds by dehalogenation of halofluorinated compounds having a linear, branched or cyclic structure, said halofluorinated compounds containing in the molecule at least one group: wherein Y1 and Y2, equal to or different from each other, are selected from Cl, Br, I; wherein the halofluorinated compounds are dehalogenated in the presence of a transition metal, or of transition metal couples, by operating in a biphasic system of solvents immiscible among each other, formed of a (per)fluorinated solvent and a dipolar aprotic or protic solvent (co-solvent), wherein the ratio moles co-solvent/equivalents of the halofluorinated compound ranges from 0.5 to 10, preferably from 0.5 to 5, still more preferably from 1 to 3.

Abstract: A Grignard-type process for the preparation of unsaturated organic compounds. The process comprises contacting an unsaturated organic halide with magnesium metal in a mixture of ether and a polar halogenated hydrocarbon co-solvent, filtering the reaction product from the reaction step and thereafter, treating the reaction product filtrate from the filtration step to obtain the desired unsaturated organic compounds.

Abstract: Processes for decreasing the chlorine to carbon ratio for halogenated hydrocarbons containing chlorine and from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, in the presence of a catalyst are disclosed. The processes are each characterized by employing a catalyst comprising ruthenium on a support of (i) fluorided alumina, (ii) aluminum fluoride, or (iii) fluorides of Zn, Mg, Ca, Ba, Y, Sm, Eu, and/or Dy. Also disclosed are multiphase catalyst compositions of ruthenium supported on fluorides of Zn, Mg, Ca, Ba, Y, Sm, Eu and/or Dy.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds suitable for use as raw materials which enable cis-olefin compounds useful as physiologically active substances such as the sex pheromones of various insects, or as intermediates for the synthesis thereof to be prepared on an industrial scale at a reasonable cost, and processes for the preparation of cis-olefin compounds by using the same. For this purpose, novel compounds (i.e., 1-halo-cis-3-tetradecenes) of the general formula (I)CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.9 CH.dbd.CH(CH.sub.2).sub.2 X (I)wherein X is a halogen atom, are used as raw materials for the preparation of cis-olefin compounds.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for obtaining a compound of the formulaAr-Z IIwhere Ar, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are defined in the specification and Z is --C(R.sub.3).dbd.CH.sub.2 or --CH(R.sub.3)CHO where R.sub.3 is defined in the specification. The process utilizes a heterogeneous mixture of the compound of formula I and an alkali or alkaline earth metal in dimethylformamide. The mixture is subjected to ultrasonic vibrations for a time and at a temperature sufficient to produce a compound of formula II: ##STR1## where Ar, R.sub.1, and R.sub.2 are defined above and X is the halo group.

Abstract: The invention relates to the conversion of saturated hydrocarbons.According to the invention a first gas containing chlorine and a second gas containing hydrogen are introduced into a chamber (3) so as to mix them. At the exit (4) of this chamber (3) the mixture of chlorine and hydrogen is ignited and the products originating from this flame are then mixed in a chamber (7) with a third gas containing the hydrocarbons to be converted, with a mean weight content of hydrogen element of at least 18%. The effluents from the chamber (7) are collected, quenched and fractionated. The hydrochloric acid is reformed into chlorine which is recycled in the first gas, the hydrogen is recycled in the second gas, and the alkanes in the third gas. The unsaturated hydrocarbons are recovered.The invention applies in particular to the conversion of natural gases into unsaturated hydrocarbons, such as ethylene.

Abstract: The monomer 5-methyl-1,4-hexadiene (5-MHD), uncontaminated with 4-methyl-1,4-hexadiene (4-MHD), or other hydrocarbons, is obtained by reacting 1-chloro-2-methylpropene with allylmagnesium bromide in equimolar amounts under gentle reflux at atmospheric pressure in an organic solvent medium (diethyl ether) and in the presence of a catalytic amount of a dichloro-[1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane]nickel (II) in an inert atmosphere. The allyl magnesium bromide is added dropwise with stirring with a mixture of 1-chloro-2-methylpropene and catalyst in the solvent at room temperature. The solvent is separated from the product by distillation, giving substantially pure product. Absence of other hydrocarbons in either the crude product or the pure product may be shown by .sup.1 H NMR, .sup.13 C NMR and GC analysis. Other nonconjugated diolefins can be prepared in an analogous manner using an alkenyl halide and an alkenyl Grignard reagent which upon cross coupling will give the desired nonconjugated diene.

Abstract: A process is disclosed which comprises: contacting a catalyst such as alumina silica, aluminosilicates, titanium oxide, magnesium oxide, and the metals of Groups III and IIB of the Periodic Table under reducing conditions with a gaseous mixture comprising elemental chlorine gas and a diluent under conditions effective to improve the ability of the catalyst to dehydrohalogenate halogenated hydrocarbons: contacting the catalyst with a halogenated hydrocarbon feedstock, the halogenated hydrocarbon feedstock with or without a carrier gas, in the gas phase under dehydrohalogenation conditions; and recovering a dehydrohalogenated product.

Abstract: A method for the destruction of halogenated organic compounds contained in a contaminated medium comprises adding an aqueous solution of polyethylene glycol to the contaminated medium in an amount to provide from about 0.1 to about 20 weight percent of polyethylene glycol, based on the weight of the contaminated medium. An alkali metal hydroxide is then added in an amount of from about 2 to about 20 weight percent, based on the weight of the contaminated medium. The medium is then heated to substantially dehydrate the medium and then further heated at a temperature between about 100.degree. and 350.degree. C. to effect destruction of the halogenated organic compounds. An acid is then added to the medium in an amount sufficient to neutralize the same.

Abstract: Alkadienes are produced by reacting alkenyltrialkylammonium halide in which the double bond is allylic or homoallylic relative to the nitrogen atom with a strong inorganic base under phase transfer conditions. In this reaction trialkylamine is eliminated from the quaternary ammonium halide thereby resulting in the concurrent formation of the alkadiene. Long chain (e.g., C.sub.6 -C.sub.20) conjugated alkadienes, can readily be prepared from the corresponding alkenes in good yields on an economical basis by a three-stage process involving:(a) allylically monobrominating an alkene in the liquid phase;(b) converting the allylically monobrominated alkene into alkenyl quaternary ammonium bromide by reaction with a trialkyl amine; and(c) reacting the alkenyl quaternary ammonium bromide with a strong inorganic base under phase transfer conditions so that conjugated alkadiene and trialkylamine are formed.

Abstract: Method for the total dehydrohalogenation of halogenated compounds. The method includes providing a reaction mixture by dissolving an alkali metal hydroxide in a molar excess of an ethylene glycol to form an alkali metal glycolate and reacting the halogenated organic compound with the alkali metal glycolate. In halogenated compounds having one carbon, carbon dioxide is the reaction product. In those having more than one carbon, acetylene is formed. The preferred ethylene glycol is tetraethylene glycol and the preferred alkali metal is potassium hydroxide. The method is particularly useful for disposing of toxic halogenated compounds which make up soil contaminants, like ethylene dibromide.

Abstract: For the production of 3,3- and 2,3-dimethylbutene, respectively, and 2,3-dimethylbutadiene and/or for the simultaneous production of 3,3- and 2,3-dimethylbutene, respectively, 2,3-dimethylbutadiene, and glycol or polyglycol n-alkyl-3,3- and -2,3-dimethylbutyl ether, respectively, alkali hydroxides are reacted in a two-phase liquid system in the presence of a glycol or polyglycol ether, respectively, at temperatures of 100.degree.-250.degree. C., with mono- and dichlorodimethylbutane, respectively. By using, as the glycol or polyglycol ether, a glycol or polyglycol monoalkyl ether, the glycol or polyglycol n-alkyl-3,3- and -2,3-dimethylbutyl ether, respectively, is obtained besides the olefin.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the coupling of a Grignard reagent RMgX with an allylic halide in the presence of a dipolar aprotic solvent wherein the improvement, for obtaining improved yield and selectivity, comprises adding a catalyst to said Grignard or allylic halide and then carrying out the coupling reaction by the addition of the Grignard reagent to the allylic halide, said reaction being characterized by the displacement at the gamma position (relative to the halide) of the allylic halide with R of the Grignard reagent, migration of the allylic double bond in the direction of the halogen atom and loss of halogen. The present invention also resides in the discovery of certain novel procedures for the synthesis of Vitamin E. Specific embodiments of this aspect of the invention reside in the syntheses of 6,7-dehydrophytol, 10,11-dihydrofarnesene, phytone, hexahydropseudoionone, and related compounds as precursors for Vitamin E.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the coupling of a Grignard reagent RMgX with an allylic halide in the presence of a dipolar aprotic solvent wherein the improvement, for obtaining improved yield and selectivity, comprises adding a catalyst to said Grignard or allylic halide and then carrying out the coupling reaction by the addition of the Grignard reagent to the allylic halide, said reaction being characterized by the displacement at the gamma position (relative to the halide) of the allylic halide with R of the Grignard reagent, migration of the allylic double bond in the direction of the halogen atom and loss of halogen. The present invention also resides in the discovery of certain novel procedures for the synthesis of Vitamin E. Specific embodiments of this aspect of the invention reside in the syntheses of 6,7-dehydrophytol, 10,11-dihydrofarnesene, phytone, hexahydropseudoionone, and related compounds as precursors for Vitamin E.

Abstract: Tertiary allylic amines are obtained from vinylic halides and olefins, and substituted derivatives thereof, by reacting said halide with a mono-, di-, or tri-substituted olefin and an unhindered basic secondary amine in the presence of a palladium catalyst.