Abstract: Systems and methods of dehydrogenating a hydrocarbon in a fixed bed dehydrogenation unit. A method for dehydrogenating a hydrocarbon is applied to a fixed bed reactor. The hydrocarbon flows to a fixed bed reactor to be dehydrogenated in presence of a catalyst in the fixed bed reactor. The catalyst in the fixed bed reactor is then regenerated. The period for dehydrogenation, the period for catalyst regeneration and the period for total slack time are controlled such that total slack time is less than both half of the period for dehydrogenation and half of the period for regeneration. One of the advantages of the process comes from optimization of the slack time, thereby increasing the catalyst utilization rate and number of reactors concurrently online.

Abstract: A method of oxidative dehydrogenating a butane-containing hydrocarbon stream by contacting the same with a bimetallic catalyst in the presence of an oxidant, wherein the bimetallic catalyst comprises nickel and bismuth on a titanium carbide catalyst support. Various embodiments of the method of oxidative dehydrogenating the butane-containing hydrocarbon stream and the bimetallic catalyst are also provided.

Abstract: A method of oxidative dehydrogenating a butane-containing hydrocarbon stream by contacting the same with a bimetallic catalyst in the presence of an oxidant, wherein the bimetallic catalyst comprises nickel and bismuth on a titanium carbide catalyst support. Various embodiments of the method of oxidative dehydrogenating the butane-containing hydrocarbon stream and the bimetallic catalyst are also provided.

Abstract: A method of oxidatively dehydrogenating a dehydrogenation reactant includes providing a first gaseous feed stream to a first adiabatic, catalytic reaction zone with less than a stoichiometric amount of oxygen and superheated steam, oxidatively dehydrogenating dehydrogenation reactant in said first adiabatic, catalytic reaction zone and subsequently cooling the effluent, adding additional oxygen and reacting the effluent stream in at least one subsequent adiabatic reaction zone. The dehydrogenation system enables higher conversion and yield per pass and in some cases greatly reduces steam usage and energy costs. In a preferred integrated process, ethylene is converted to n-butene which is then oxidatively dehydrogenated to butadiene.

Abstract: An exhaust gas treating catalyst further improved in denitrification performance is provided. It is an exhaust gas treating catalyst containing a complex oxide represented by the general formula ABO3, where the A-site is composed of a lanthanoid (La) and barium (Ba), and the B-site is composed of iron (Fe), niobium (Nb) and palladium (Pd).

Abstract: A process for increasing light olefin yields from the fluidized catalytic cracking process. The process combines small units to treat the paraffinic components in the product streams from the fluidized cracking process. The paraffins are dehydrogenated and light olefins are separated. Heavier olefins are passed to an olefin cracking unit for increasing the yields of ethylene and propylene.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for production of a high purity conjugated diolefin. The method for production of a conjugated diolefin of the present invention comprises steps of supplying a source gas containing a C4 or higher monoolefin and an oxygen-containing gas into a reactor, bringing a catalyst into contact with the gas mixture, compressing a gas containing a conjugated diolefin produced by an oxidative dehydrogenation reaction to obtain a liquefied gas and rinsing the liquefied gas with water.

Abstract: A method of producing a mixed manganese ferrite catalyst, and a method of preparing 1,3-butadiene using the mixed manganese ferrite catalyst. Specifically, a method of producing a mixed manganese ferrite catalyst through a coprecipitation method which is performed at a temperature of 10˜40° C., and a method of preparing 1,3-butadiene using the mixed manganese ferrite catalyst through an oxidative dehydrogenation reaction, in which a C4 mixture containing n-butene, n-butane and other impurities is directly used as reactants without performing additional n-butane separation process or n-butene extraction. 1,3-butadiene can be prepared directly using a C4 mixture including n-butane at a high concentration as a reactant through an oxidative hydrogenation reaction without performing an additional n-butane separation process, and 1,3-butadiene, having high activity, can be also obtained in high yield for a long period of time.

Abstract: A process for the dehydrogenation of a paraffinic hydrocarbon compound, such as an alkane or alkylaromatic hydrocarbon compound to produce an unsaturated hydrocarbon compound, such as an olefin or vinyl aromatic compound or mixture thereof, in which a dehydrogenation catalyst contacts gaseous reactant hydrocarbons in a reactor at dehydrogenation conditions.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing a conjugated diene by subjecting a monoolefin having a carbon atom number of 4 or more and an oxygen gas to an oxidative dehydrogenation reaction by using a molybdenum-containing metal oxide catalyst under heat removal with a coolant, wherein an amount of molybdenum adhered onto a cooling heat transfer surface within a reactor is kept at not more than 20 mg/m2, or not only a surface roughness Ra of a cooling heat transfer surface within a reactor is not more than 3 ?m, but a temperature difference between a reaction temperature and a coolant temperature is in the range of from 5 to 220° C.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method of producing a magnesia-zirconia complex carrier for a catalyst for oxidative dehydrogenation of n-butane through a single-step precipitation process wherein the oxidative dehydrogenation of n-butane is to produce n-butene and 1,3-butadiene from n-butane; a method of producing a magnesium orthovanadate catalyst supported by thus prepared magnesia-zirconia complex carrier; and a method of producing n-butene and 1,3-butadiene using said catalyst.

Abstract: A method of preparing multicomponent bismuth molybdate catalysts composed of four metal components and a method of preparing 1,3-butadiene using the catalyst, and particularly, to multicomponent bismuth molybdate catalysts composed of a divalent cationic metal, a trivalent cationic metal, bismuth and molybdenum, a preparation method thereof, and a method of preparing 1,3-butadiene from a C4 mixture including n-butene and n-butane using oxidative dehydrogenation are described.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of preparing a multicomponent bismuth molybdate catalyst by changing the pH of a coprecipitation solution upon coprecipitation and a method of preparing 1,3-butadiene using the catalyst. The multicomponent bismuth molybdate catalyst, coprecipitated using a solution having an adjusted pH, the preparation method thereof, and the method of preparing 1,3-butadiene through oxidative dehydrogenation using a C4 mixture including n-butene and n-butane as a reactant are provided. The C4 raffinate, containing many impurities, is directly used as a reactant without an additional process for separating n-butane or extracting n-butene, thus obtaining 1,3-butadiene at high yield. The activity of the multicomponent bismuth molybdate catalyst can be simply increased through precise pH adjustment upon coprecipitation, which is not disclosed in the conventional techniques.

Abstract: Processes for using a combination of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons are provided. A hydrocarbon feedstock, carbon dioxide and oxygen are fed to an oxidative dehydrogenation reactor system containing one or more catalysts that promote dehydrogenation of the hydrocarbon feedstock to produce a dehydrogenated hydrocarbon product. The processes of the present invention may be used, for example, to produce styrene monomer by dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene using carbon dioxide and oxygen as oxidants.

Abstract: The activity of a dehydrogenation catalyst is improved by increasing the water concentration maintained in the reactants toward the start of the catalyst's life, but after the catalyst has deactivated to the extent that the temperature required to maintain the conversion per pass of paraffinic hydrocarbon through the reaction zone increases by at least 2° C.

Abstract: A process for the production of a reaction product including a carbon containing compound. The process includes providing a film of a fuel source including at least one organic compound on a wall of a reactor, contacting the fuel source with a source of oxygen, forming a vaporized mixture of fuel and oxygen, and contacting the vaporized mixture of fuel and oxygen with a catalyst under conditions effective to produce a reaction product including a carbon containing compound. Preferred products include ?-olefins and synthesis gas. A preferred catalyst is a supported metal catalyst, preferably including rhodium, platinum, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Modified lead/bismuth/molybdate catalysts containing vanadium, copper, or gold have been prepared, and are selective to the corresponding furan compound from the gas phase oxidation of an unsaturated acyclic hydrocarbon such as butadiene.

Abstract: This invention relates to a dehydrogenation process using a layered catalyst composition. The catalyst composition comprises an inner core such as alpha-alumina, and an outer layer bonded to the inner core composed of an outer refractory inorganic oxide such as gamma-alumina. The outer layer has uniformly dispersed thereon a platinum group metal such as platinum and a promoter metal such as tin. The composition also contains a modifier metal such as lithium. The catalyst composition shows improved durability and selectivity for dehydrogenating hydrocarbons, especially at dehydrogenation conditions comprising a low water concentration.

Abstract: A process and catalyst for the partial oxidation of paraffinic hydrocarbons, such as ethane, propane, naphtha, and natural gas condensates, to olefins, such as ethylene and propylene. The process involves contacting a paraffinic hydrocarbon with oxygen in the presence of hydrogen and a catalyst under autothermal process conditions. Preheating the feed decreases oxygen consumption and increases the net hydrogen balance. The catalyst comprises a Group 8B metal, preferably, a platinum group metal, and at least one promoter selected from Groups 1B, 6B, 3A, 4A, and 5A, optionally supported on a catalytic support, such as magnesia or alumina. In preferred embodiments, the support is pretreated with a support modifier selected from Groups 1A, 2A, 3B, 4B, 5B, 6B, 1B, 3A, 4A, 5A, the rare earth lanthanides, and the actinides. A modified fluidized bed reactor is disclosed for the process.

Abstract: A process for producing olefins and carboxylic acids from lower alkanes using a mixed metal oxide catalytic system comprising a catalyst having the formula MoaVbAlcXdYeOz wherein: X is at least one element selected from the group consisting of W and Mn; Y is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Pd, Sb, Ca, P, Ga, Ge, Si, Mg, Nb, and K; a is 1; b is 0.01 to 0.9; c is >0 to 0.2; d is >0 to 0.5; e is >0 to 0.5; and z is an integer representing the number of oxygen atoms required to satisfy the valency of Mo, V, Al, X, and Y.

Abstract: This invention relates to a dehydrogenation process using a layered catalyst composition. The catalyst composition comprises an inner core such as alpha-alumina, and an outer layer bonded to the inner core composed of an outer refractory inorganic oxide such as gamma-alumina. The outer layer has uniformly dispersed thereon a platinum group metal such as platinum and a promoter metal such as tin. The composition also contains a modifier metal such as lithium. The catalyst composition shows improved durability and selectivity for dehydrogenating hydrocarbons, especially at dehydrogenation conditions comprising a low water concentration.

Abstract: A method for conducting a chemical reaction with a catalyst composed of metal oxide particles among which are uniformly incorporated, in order to reduce the operating temperature of the catalyst, palladium particles.

Abstract: Barium peroxide in which has been incorporated a transition metal compound is used as a catalyst for the oxidative dehydrogenation of organic compounds in the presence of terminal oxidants.

Abstract: A process for preparing olefins and diolefins in high productivity which involves contacting an aliphatic hydrocarbon, such as butane, with a heterogeneous catalyst composition containing reactive oxygen under reaction conditions sufficient to produce a more highly unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon, such as 1,3-butadiene. The catalyst composition contains a glassy silica matrix of specified surface area and macro-porosity into which are encapsulated domains of a catalyst component containing oxides of magnesium and molybdenum. The catalyst has high crush strength and is useful in transport reactors.

Abstract: A process for the production of olefins and diolefins, such as 1,3-butadiene, comprising contacting an aliphatic hydrocarbon, such as butane, with a heterogeneous catalyst composition containing reactive oxygen under reaction conditions such that a more highly unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon is selectively formed in a high productivity. The catalyst is a composition comprising (a) a support component of magnesia and alumina and/or magnesium aluminate spinel, and (b) a catalyst component of magnesia, an oxide of molybdenum, a Group IA metal oxide promoter, and optionally vanadium oxide. Catalysts of high surface area and high attrition resistance are claimed.

Abstract: A process for the production of olefins and diolefins, such as 1,3-butadiene, comprising contacting an aliphatic hydrocarbon, such as butane, with a heterogeneous catalyst composition containing reactive oxygen under reaction conditions such that a more highly unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon is selectively formed in a high productivity. The catalyst is a composition comprising (a) a support component of magnesia and alumina and/or magnesium aluminate spinel, and (b) a catalyst component of magnesia, an oxide of molybdenum, a Group IA metal oxide promoter, and optionally vanadium oxide. Catalysts of high surface area and high attrition resistance are claimed.

Abstract: Metal oxide powders comprised of Cr(III) oxide, Ti(IV) oxide, V(V) oxide, or mixtures of these, or metal mixed oxides comprised of Cr(III) oxide and Ti(IV) oxide and V(V) oxide, or their mixtures. They have BET surfaces of 5-50m.sup.2 /g and mean particle diameters of 25-350 nm and are useful to increase conversion and selectivity in the manufacture of mono-olefins by catalytic dehydrogenation of saturated hydrocarbons. The metal oxide powders are produced from mixtures of the vaporized metal compounds chromyl chloride, titanium tetrachloride, and vanadyl chloride, in the presence of certain gases by laser pyrolysis.

Abstract: A dehydrogenation process, where a hydrocarbon feed is dehydrogenated in a dehydrogenation zone and then oxidatively reheated by the combustion of hydrogen in an oxidation zone containing an oxidation catalyst, is improved by using a stream of dilution steam as an educing fluid to draw oxygen into contact with the effluent from the dehydrogenation zone ahead of the oxidation zone. A stream of dilution steam is often combined with the dehydrogenation zone effluent in order to control the oxygen concentration ahead of the oxidation zone and to lower the hydrogen partial pressure. Educing the oxygen-containing gas for the oxidation zone into the process by using the dilution steam an an educing fluid eliminates the need for compression of the oxygen-containing gas and prevents oxygen from contacting the dehydrogenation zone effluent before the dilution steam is admixed therewith. This process is particularly beneficial in the dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to produce styrene.

Abstract: Internally unsaturated near linear oligomers of lower olefins are converted into alpha olefins, or 1-alkenes, of essentially the same degree of linearity. The internally unsaturated olefins are the product of lower alkene oligomerization using a surface deactivated zeloite, such as ZSM-5 or ZSM-23, and contain about 1 to 2 methyl branches per twelve (12) carbon atoms. The feedstock is converted to alpha olefin oligomers which also contain approximately 1 to 2 methyl branches per thirteen (13) carbon atoms. The conversion is achieved by hydroformylation of the near linear internal olefins to provide a novel 1-alkanol oligomer structure without further branching of the carbon oligomeric chain. Acetylation of the 1-alkanol followed by deesterification by pyrolysis provides the sought for near linear 1-alkene. The near-linear oligomers of lower olefins so produced comprise vinyl hydrocarbon monomers that can be further oligomerized by cationic and coordination catalysts.

Abstract: A process for the production of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as diolefins, comprising contacting an aliphatic hydrocarbon, such as an alkane or a monoolefin, with a solid heterogeneous catalyst containing labile oxygen under reaction conditions such that a more highly unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon is selectively formed in a high space-time yield. The catalyst comprises an oxide of magnesium, an oxide of molybdenum, an alkali metal promoter, and optionally an oxide of vanadium. For example, butane is oxidized in the presence of magnesium molybdate doped with alkali metal oxide to a mixture of products including predominantly butadiene and cis-2-butene and trans-2-butene.

Abstract: A process for dehydrogenation of aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon compounds and aliphatic and alicyclic substituted aromatic hydrocarbon compounds to form unsaturated aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon chains. The catalyst is mixed basic metal oxide catalyst, one preferred catalyst is boron/alkali metal promoted metal oxide. Reaction of ethylbenzene according to this invention results in conversion to styrene.

Abstract: A process for the catalytic dehydrogenation of a dehydrogenatable C.sub.2 -plus feed hydrocarbon which comprises the steps of: (a) passing a feed stream comprising the C.sub.2 -plus feed hydrocarbon into an isothermal dehydrogenation zone and through at least one bed of dehydrogenation catalyst maintained at isothermal dehydrogenation conditions selected to convert at least about 50 weight percent of the dehydrogenatable C.sub.2 -plus feed hydrocarbon and producing an isothermal dehydrogenation zone effluent stream comprising hydrogen, unconverted C.sub.2 -plus feed hydrocarbon and C.sub.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel mixed ion and electron conducting catalytic ceramic membrane and to its use in hydrocarbon oxidation and or hydrogenation processes, the membrane consists of two layers, layer 1 which is an impervious mixed ion and electron conducting ceramic layer and layer 2 which is a porous catalyst-containing ion conducting ceramic layer.

Abstract: A novel process is disclosed for the steam dehydrogenation of dehydrogenatable hydrocarbons in the vapor phase in conjunction with oxidative reheating of the intermediate products. The process utilizes a single catalyst to perform both the selective oxidation and steam dehydrogenation functions. The particular catalyst employed comprises a Group VIII noble metal component, a Group IA and/or a Group IIA component and may contain among other modifiers a Group IIIA or IVA metal, and a halogen component. The catalytic components are supported on an inorganic substrate such as alumina.

Abstract: More efficient mixing, more complete hydrogen consumption, and more thorough cooling of a dehydrogenation zone effluent is obtained by educting a portion of the dehydrogenation effluent from the reaction and externally cooling the withdrawn effluent in a heat exchanger and externally admixing the withdrawn effluent with an oxygen-containing stream. Eduction of the hydrogenation effluent by the oxygen-containing stream provides the necessary pressure drop for passing the dehydrogenation effluent through the heat exchanger and then admixing the effluent and oxygen-containing stream.

Abstract: Oxidative dehydrogenation of alkanes to unsaturated hydrocarbons is carried out over metal vanadate catalysts under oxidizing conditions. The vanadate catalysts are represented by the formulas M.sub.3 (VO.sub.4).sub.2 and MV.sub.2 O.sub.6, M representing Mg, Zn, Ca, Pb, or Cd. The reaction is carried out in the presence of oxygen, but the formation of oxygenate by-products is suppressed.

Abstract: A catalyst for removing acetylenic impurities from gaseous organic product streams, comprising at least Fe and Ni, other elements from Groups 8, 1b, 2b, 4b, 6b and 7b of the Periodic Table, an alkaline earth metal and an alkali metal.

Abstract: High surface area oxidative dehydrogenation catalysts which are suitable for converting C.sub.4 to C.sub.8 mono-olefins to diolefins are disclosed, comprising the oxides of an alkali metal, vanadium, phosphorus, and preferably tin in combination with a crystalline silica having a surface area between 30 M.sup.2 /g to 450 M.sup.2 /g and wherein the vanadium has an average valence in the range of from 3.5 to 4.95.

Abstract: Large surface area oxidative dehydrogenation catalysts which are suitable for converting C.sub.4 to C.sub.8 mono-olefins to conjugated dienes are disclosed, comprising the oxides of vanadium, phosphorus, tin and potassium in combination with hydrogen mordenite having a surface area between 30 M.sup.2 /g to 450 M.sup.2 /g and wherein the vanadium has an average valence in the range of from 3.5 to 4.95.

Abstract: A process for producing a conjugated diolefin, which comprises oxidatively dehydrogenating a monoolefin having at least 4 carbon atoms in the vapor phase with molecular oxygen to form the corresponding conjugated diolefin, said reaction being carried out in the presence of a catalyst having the general composition formulaMo.sub.a Bi.sub.b Cr.sub.c Ni.sub.d X.sub.e Fe.sub.f Y.sub.g Z.sub.h O.sub.iwherein X represents Zr or Al, Y represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of metal elements of Group Ia of the periodic table, metal elements of Group II of the periodic table, Tl and P, Z represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of In, Ag, Ti, Nb, Ta, Co, La, Ce, Nd and Mn, a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h and i are respectively the atomic numbers of Mo, Bi, Cr, Ni, X, Fe, Y, Z and O, and when a=12, b=0.05-20, c=0.05-20, d=0.1-30, e=0.01-20, f=0.01-20, g=0.001-20, h=0-20, and i is the atomic number of oxygen satisfying the atomic valences of the other elements.

Abstract: An oxidative dehydrogenation process for a paraffin or mixture of paraffins having from 2 to 5 carbon atoms employing a catalyst composition comprising lithium and titanium. The selectivity of the catalyst composition may be improved by adding manganese to the catalyst composition.

Abstract: Oxide complex catalysts comprising Fe-Sb-Bi-O.sub.x promoted with a wide variety of different elements have been found to be especially useful in the ammoxidation of olefins to nitriles such as acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile. Not only are the desired nitriles obtained with high yields when these catalysts are used, but also the production of unwanted liquid byproducts such as acrolein, acrylic acid and acetonitrile is significantly reduced.

Abstract: The catalytic oxidative dehydrogenation of at least one dehydrogenatable organic compound which has at least one ##STR1## grouping is carried out in the presence of a zinc titanate catalyst. The selectivity of the zinc titanate catalyst may be improved by a promoter at least one member of which is selected from the group consisting of chromium, antimony, bismuth, aluminum, phosphorus, indium, tin, lanthanum and cerium.

Abstract: Dehydrogenatable hydrocarbons are dehydrogenated by contacting them, at hydrocarbon dehydrogenation conditions, with a novel attenuated superactive multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of a catalytically effective amount of a pyrolyzed rhenium carbonyl component with a porous carrier material containing a uniform dispersion of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum group component maintained in the elemental metallic state, and of a manganese component. An example of the attenuated superactive nonacidic multimetallic catalytic composite disclosed herein is a combination of a catalytically effective amount of a pyrolyzed rhenium carbonyl component with a porous carrier material containing a uniform dispersion of catalytically effective amounts of an alkali or alkaline earth component, a manganese component, and of a platinum group component which is maintained in the elemental metallic state during the incorporation of a rhenium carbonyl component.

Abstract: In a process for producing a conjugated diolefin which comprises oxidatively dehydrogenating a monolefin having at least 4 carbon atoms in the vapor phase with molecular oxygen to form the corresponding conjugated diolefin; the improvement wherein the oxidative dehydrogenation is carried out in the presence of a catalyst having the general composition formulaMo.sub.a Bi.sub.b Cr.sub.c Ni.sub.d X.sub.e Y.sub.f O.sub.gwherein X represents at least one element selected from Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Tl and P, Y represents at least one element selected from metal elements of Group II of the periodic table, and a, b, c, d, e, f and g respectively represent the number of Mo, Bi, Cr, Ni, X, Y and O atoms, and when a=12, b=0.05-20, c=0.05-20, d=0.1-30, e=0.01-10, f=0.01-20, and g is the number of oxygen atoms which satisfies the atomic valences of the other elements.

Abstract: A process for producing unsaturated hydrocarbons which comprises contacting a paraffin, monoolefin and/or alkylaromatic compounds with a catalyst at a temperature within the range of from 400.degree. to 700.degree. C. in the presence of an inert gas and/or steam. The catalyst comprises a carrier having deposited thereonto an oxide of molybdenum in an amount of from 5 to 35% by weight of the catalyst. As the carrier, use is made of a granulated porous crystalline silica modified with magnesia in an amount of from 1 to 20% by weight of the carrier; a granulated magnesium-titanium carrier consisting of 50 to 95% by weight of MgO and 50 to 5% by weight of TiO.sub.2, or a granulated magnesium-aluminum carrier consisting of 70 to 95% by weight of MgO and 5 to 30% by weight of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3. Through the spent catalyst an oxygen-containing gas is passed at a temperature within the range of from 400.degree. to 700.degree. until catalytic activity is restored to the catalyst.