Abstract: A method for producing an internal olefin by stably isomerizing an ?-olefin by using an inexpensive zeolite catalyst while preventing an oligomerization reaction is provided. The method for producing an internal olefin comprises a step of isomerizing an ?-olefin having from 16 to 18 carbon atoms by passing through a zeolite catalyst bed, wherein the ?-olefin having from 16 to 18 carbon atoms is circulated through and brought into contact with the zeolite catalyst bed before starting the isomerization reaction.

Abstract: A process for selectively making 2-alkenes from a NAO using a mesoporous catalyst that has been surface modified with a Brönsted acid compound. The Brönsted acid compound has a reactive silane connector, an organic linking group, and a Brönsted acid group. The mesoporous catalyst has an average pore diameter in a range of about 12 to about 100 Angstroms and a surface area of between about 400 to about 1400 m2/gram.

Abstract: In a continuous process for fractionating a C4 fraction (C4) by extractive distillation using a selective solvent (LM) in an extractive distillation column (EDK), it is proposed that a dividing wall (TW) is installed in the longitudinal direction in the extractive distillation column (EDK) to form a first region (A), a second region (B) and a lower combined column region (C) and a top stream (C4H10) comprising the butanes is taken off from the first region (A), a top stream (C4H8) comprising the butenes is taken off from the second region (B) and a stream (C4H6) comprising the hydrocarbons from the C4 fraction which are more soluble in the selective solvent (LM) than are the butanes and the butenes is taken off from the lower combined column region (C).

Abstract: A process of contacting at least one isoparaffin and at least one C5 olefin in the presence of a catalyst composition under conversion conditions to provide for converting the at least one isoparaffin and the at least one C5 olefin is provided. The catalyst composition contains a heteropoly acid, zinc, and a support component.

Abstract: A catalytic distillation process for isomerizing and separating 1-alkenes from a mixed alkene stream. The process comprises contacting a mixed alkene stream comprising the 1-alkene and homologs thereof with a supported isomerization catalyst under isomerization/distillation conditions effective to convert at least a portion of the homologs to the 1-alkene, the isomerization/distillation conditions also being effective to produce a distillation overhead comprising a sufficient portion of the 1-alkene to drive isomerization of the homologs to the 1-alkene while maintaining the mixed alkene stream at least partially in liquid phase. The isomerization/distillation conditions are effective to recover a quantity of 1-alkene greater than an equilibrium quantity of 1-alkene recovered under isomerization conditions alone.

Abstract: A method of modifying the activity of a solid acid catalyst by contact with a carboxylic acid is presented. The modified catalyst is exposed to a feed mixture including olefins in a reaction zone, and an effluent including an isomerized olefin product is withdrawn from the reaction zone. The isomerized olefin product includes a more random distribution of internal olefins than the olefins of the feed mixture. The feed mixture and the isomerized olefin product include linear olefins. The isomerization results in no more than about 10 weight percent additional branched, compared to the olefins of the feed mixture, among the olefins of the isomerized olefin product. The isomerized olefin product includes no more than about 20 weight percent dimer. The olefin monomers of the feed mixture and the isomerized olefin product include from about 4 to about 30 carbon atoms. The effluent includes no more than about 20 weight percent ester. The solid acid catalyst may be an acidic ion exchange resin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalytic process for preparation of isolongifolene using nanocrystalline solid super acid. This process is an eco-friendly, single step, solvent free catalytic process for the preparation of a tricyclic sesqui-terpene hydrocarbon, isolongifolene. More particularly, the present invention provides a process for the catalytic isomerisation of longifolene to iso-longifolene using nano-crystalline sulfated zirconia as a solid super acid catalyst.

Abstract: An olefin isomerization process employs a basic metal oxide catalyst, such as magnesium oxide, which retains at least about 85 percent of its initial activity for at least about 168 hours of on-stream time. The catalyst is preferably a high purity magnesium oxide. The olefin isomerization process and catalyst described herein are advantageously used for the production of a terminal olefin such as 1-butene from an internal olefin such as 2-butene.

Abstract: The invention relates to economical and efficient methods for producing 2-methylene-3-methylbicyclo[2,2,1]heptane, 2,3-dimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene and the like that are useful for materials of producing base oil of traction drive fluid for traction drive lubricating oil. The methods comprise reacting one or more C3-4 acyclic olefins with cyclopentadiene and isomerizing the resulting bicyclo[2.2.1]heptene derivatives in the presence of an isomerization catalyst to give one or more bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane derivatives.

Abstract: A method for making alpha olefins from internal olefins using catalytic distillation techniques and an olefin double bond isomerization catalyst, and separately recovering said alpha olefins.

Abstract: A process is provided to produce a 2-alkene product from a 1-alkene-containing feed stream. The process comprises contacting the 1-alkene-containing feed stream in a reactor zone to isomerize the 1-alkene-containing feed stream to produce the 2-alkene product. More specifically, a process is provided to produce a 2-butene product from a 1-butene containing feed stream.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising A) a stationary acid component selected from the group consisting of a perfluorinated ion exchange polymer on an inert support, a silane modified perfluorosulfonic acid, and a sulfated metal oxide; and B) a mobile acid component selected from the group consisting of chlorosulfonic acid, fluorosulfonic acid, a fluorinated monosulfonic acid, a fluorinated sulfonimide, a fluorinated disulfonic acid, and an adjunct acid mixture is disclosed.

Abstract: A method for producting a solid acid catalyst is provided which produces a shaped material of a solid acid catalyst containing a sulfureous component but have a high activity and having a practically sufficient handleability and mechanical strength involves the steps of (a) fabricating a support containing a portion of zirconia and/or hydrated zirconia and a portion of alumina and/or hydrated alumina and having a peak diameter in the range of 0.05 to 1 &mgr;m in a pore diameter distribution of 0.05 to 10 &mgr;m; and having a sulfuerous component supported on the support or (b) fabricating a support containing a portion of zirconia and/or hydrated zirconia and a portion of alumina and/or hydrated alumina and including pores having a pore diameter of not less than 0.05 &mgr;m and not more than 1 &mgr;m occupying a pore volume of 0.05 to 0.5 ml/g and pores having a pore diameter of about 1 &mgr;m and not more than 10 &mgr;m occupying a pore volume of below 0.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing a microcomposite comprising a highly fluorinated ion-exchange polymer containing pendant sulfonate functional groups, said polymer existing as aggregated particles entrapped within and dispersed throughout a network of silica. Due to their high surface area and acid functionality, these microcomposites possess wide utility as improved solid acid catalysts, particularly in the substitution of aromatic compounds, in the decomposition of hydroperoxides, and in the isomerization of olefins.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of at least one spherically shaped porous microcomposite is provided which microcomposite comprises a perfluorinated ion-exchange polymer containing pendant sulfonic and/or carboxylic acid groups entrapped within and highly dispersed throughout a network of inorganic oxide, wherein the weight percentage of the perfluorinated ion-exchange polymer in the microcomposite is from about 0.1 to about 90 percent, and wherein the size of the pores in the microcomposite is about 0.

Abstract: A process for processing a feedstock comprising a major amount of olefinic hydrocarbons having 4 carbon atoms per molecule, including isobutene as well as but-1-ene and but-2-enes, wherein the process comprises processing said feedstock in a distillation zone associated with a hydroisomerization reaction zone located at least partly external to the distillation zone, said processing comprising drawing at the height of a draw-off level of the distillation zone at least part of the liquid flowing in the distillation zone, passing said liquid into the external hydroisomerization reaction zone to form a hydroisomerized effluent, and reintroducing at least part of the effluent from said reaction zone reintroduced into the distillation zone at one or more reintroduction level(s), so as to ensure the continuity of the distillation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing high purity isobutene from a hydrocarbon cut essentially comprising olefinic hydrocarbons containing 4 carbon atoms per molecule including isobutene, also butene-1 and butene-2 compounds in a ratio which substantially corresponds to the thermodynamic equilibrium. The process comprises passing the cut into a distillation zone (3) associated with a hydroisomerisation reaction zone, the bottom product of the distillation zone comprising butene-2 compounds being passed into a skeletal isomerisation zone (2) where the linear butenes are at least partially isomerised to isobutene, at least part of the principal effluent from the skeletal isomerisation zone being recycled upstream of the reactive distillation zone (3).

Abstract: Providing an isomerization process which can isomerize allenes to alkynes less expensively and stably is an assignment to be solved by the present invention and given thereto. The present invention is an isomerization process including the step of reacting an allene-lype hydrocarbon compound (R.sub.1 R.sub.2 C.dbd.C.dbd.CR.sub.3 R.sub.4) in the presence of alkaline-earth metal hydride working as an isomerization catalyst, thereby isomerizing the allene-type hydrocarbon compound to an alkyne-type hydrocarbon compound (R.sub.1 C.ident.C--CR.sub.2 R.sub.3 R.sub.4).

Abstract: C.sub.4 -C.sub.6 -alkenes having an internal double bond can be produced by hydroisomerization of C.sub.4 -C.sub.6 -alkenes having a terminal double bond in the presence of H.sub.2 on a catalyst having a content of a noble metal of group VIII of the Periodic Table of the Elements (Mendeleev), if C.sub.4 -C.sub.6 -alkenes having a terminal double bond are fed into a hydroisomerization reactor after preheating, as such or in a mixture with other hydrocarbons, and the reaction product is divided into a work-up stream and a recycle stream. The recycle stream is recycled to the inlet of the hydroisomerization reactor and is used there as feed together with the C.sub.4 -C.sub.6 -alkenes having a terminal double bond or with the hydrocarbon stream comprising the C.sub.4 -C.sub.6 -alkenes having a terminal double bond and with the H.sub.2.

Abstract: 2,3-Dimethyl-2-butene is prepared by isomerizing 2,3-dimethyl-1-butene using at least one acid selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid and sulfonic acids. By this process, 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene is effectively prepared from 2,3-dimethyl-1-butene using an inexpensive catalyst such as sulfonic acid or the sulfonic acids. Further, a dimerization reaction product of propene can also be used in the isomerization step without removing the dimerization catalyst from the reaction product.

Abstract: A composition and an olefin conversion process are disclosed. The composition comprises a zeolite having incorporated therein a coke-suppressing amount of a coke suppressor selected from the group consisting of silicon oxides, phosphorus oxides, boron oxides, magnesium oxides, tin oxides, titanium oxides, zirconium oxides, molybdenum oxides, germanium oxides, indium oxides, lanthanum oxides, cesium oxides, and combinations of any two or more thereof. The olefin conversion process comprises contacting a first olefin with a catalyst composition under a condition effective to convert said first olefin to a second olefin wherein the catalyst composition is the same as the composition disclosed above. Also disclosed is a process for producing the composition.

Abstract: A process for the oxidation and oxidative dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons, in particular ethylbenzene, to form corresponding oxidized or olefinically unsaturated compounds, in particular styrene, over an oxygen-conferring, oxygen-regenerable catalyst involving a working period, a time-displaced regenerating period and at least one intermediate rinsing period comprises effecting a partial regeneration during the working period by time-displaced addition of a substoichiometric amount of oxygen.

Abstract: Described is a process for isomerizing .alpha.-olefin to produce olefinic oil having a viscosity at 100.degree. C. of no more than about 1.6 cSt, a viscosity at 40.degree. C. of no more than about 3.8 cSt, and a pour point of 0.degree. C. or lower, preferably -10.degree. C. or lower. The process comprises contacting the .alpha.-olefin having from about 14 to about 20 carbon atoms with a catalytic quantity of nonmetallic sulfonic or perfluorosulfonic acid resin catalyst under identified isomerization conditions, thereby producing deep internal olefin having the desired combination of physical properties.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for the isomerisation of less substituted olefins to more substituted external olefins and/or internal olefins in the absence of diolefins, in the presence of a palladium based catalyst deposited on a support. Before loading it into the reactor, said catalyst is treated with at least one sulphur-containing compound which is dissolved in a solvent then activated in a neutral or reducing atmosphere between 20.degree. C. and 300.degree. C., 1 and 50 bars and with a VVH of 50 to 600 h.sup.-1. The catalyst, containing 0.05% to 10% by weight of sulphur, is brought into contact with the feedstock and hydrogen between 20.degree. C. and 200.degree. C., 1 and 50 bars, a VVH of 0.5 to 10 h.sup.-1 and a H.sub.2 /olefin molar ratio of 0.01 to 1.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a process for the isomerization of external olefins to internal olefins, the feedstock also containing diolefins, using a palladium based catalyst which contains 0.05% to 10% by weight of sulphur, said catalyst being treated before loading into the reactor with at least one organic sulphur-containing compound dissolved in a solvent, then activated in a neutral or reducing atmosphere at a temperature of between 20.degree. C. and 300.degree. C., before being brought into contact with the feedstock.

Abstract: The simultaneous production of an olefin-free, tert.amyl alkyl, ether-rich fraction an n-pentane-rich paraffin fraction, wherein a charge based on isopentenes is hydrogenated (1) under appropriate conditions to bring about a distribution of the methyl butenes close to thermodynamic equilibrium and then the hydrogenation effluent is treated in an etherification zone (2).

Abstract: A process for the double bond isomerization of olefinic compounds is provided comprising contacting an olefinic compound and a sulfated zirconia catalyst.

Abstract: A solid strong acid catalyst useful for hydrocarbon reactions, especially for the skeletal isomerization of paraffinic hydrocarbons is provided by supporting sulfate (SO.sub.4) and at least one member selected from Group VIII metals on a support consisting of hydroxides and oxides of Group IV metals and Group III metals and mixtures thereof and then calcining and stabilizing the catalyst.

Abstract: Compositions containing sulfuric acid and one or more of certain chalcogen-containing compounds in which the chalcogen compound/H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 molar ratio is below 2 contain the mono-adduct of sulfuric acid which is catalytically active for promoting organic chemical reactions. Suitable chalcogen-containing compounds have the empirical formula ##STR1## wherein X is a chalcogen, each of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is independently selected from hydrogen, NR.sub.3 R.sub.4, and NR.sub.5, at least one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is other than hydrogen, each of R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 is hydrogen or a monovalent organic radical, and R.sub.5 is a divalent organic radical. Such compositions are useful for catalyzing organic reactions such as oxidation, oxidative addition, reduction, reductive addition, esterification, transesterification, hydrogenation, isomerication (including racemization of optical isomers), alkylation, polymerization, demetallization of organometallics, nitration, Friedel-Crafts reactions, and hydrolysis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a C.sub.20 + lube oil from olefins or reducing the pour point of a lube oil comprising isomerizing the olefins over a catalyst comprising an intermediate pore size silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieve and at least one Group VIII metal.

Abstract: A method for increasing the ratio of 2-methyl-2-butene (2MB2) to 2-methyl-1-butene (2MB1) in isoamylenes involves fractionating a feedstream containing tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME) and isoamylenes including 2MB2 and 2MB1 in a ratio of about 2:1 to effect a separation between an overhead hydrocarbon fraction of isoamylenes including 2MB2 and 2MB1 in a ratio of about 1:1, a bottoms fraction including TAME, and a sidestream hydrocarbon fraction consisting essentially of isoamylenes including 2MB2 and 2MB1 in a ratio of about 6 to 12:1, recovering the sidestream hydrocarbon fraction, and recycling the overhead hydrocarbon fraction of isoamylenes to form a mixture which is subsequently reacted to form the feedstream. Prior to fractionation, the feedstream is formed by passing isoamylene, and optionally TAME, in a vapor phase over an ether cracking catalyst which isomerizes isoamylene and converts 2MB1 to 2MB2, i.e., the feedstream for fractionating, which contains 2MB2 and 2MB1 in a ratio of 2 to 5:1.

Abstract: Alkenes having a terminal double bond can be isomerized to give alkenes having an internal double bond if alkenes having a terminal double bond or hydrocarbon feedstock having a content of alkenes of this type having a terminal double bond are subjected to treatment, in the presence of hydrogen, over a macroporous or gel-like cation exchanger in the H.sup.+ form which contains 0.001 to 10 g of one or more metals of the VIth and/or VIIth and/or VIIIth sub-group of the periodic system of the elements in elementary form per liter of dry cation exchanger and which has a degree of crosslinking of 2 to 65% and a specific surface area of 5 to 750 m.sup.2 /g of dry exchange resin. The treatment is carried out in the liquid phase at a temperature from 0.degree. to 120.degree. C.

Abstract: 2,3-dimethylbutene-1 (2,3-DMB1) is produced from propene by a process comprising the steps of:(A) converting propene in one or more stages to a product comprising 2,3-dimethylbutene-2 (2,3-DMB-2) under conditions whereby the proportion of 2,3-DMB-2 in the product is maximised,(B) separating 2,3-DMB-2 from the product of step (A), and(C) contacting the 2,3-DMB-2 separated in step (B) with a catalyst active for the isomerisation of 2,3-DMB-2 to 2,3-DMB-1 under conditions whereby 2,3-DMB-2 is isomerised to 2,3-DMB-1.

Abstract: Process for producing 2-methyl-2-butene from a charge containing olefins of 5 carbon atoms, including 2-methyl-1-butene and at least one n-pentene, wherein a mixture of said charge with hydrogen and at least one sulfur compound is contacted with a supported catalyst comprising at least one noble metal from group VIII.The 2-methyl-1-butene of the charge is isomerized to 2-methyl-2-butene and the n-pentenes are hydrogenated.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for isomerizing olefins using a catalyst product which is a composite of a perfluorinated polymersulfonic acid and an anion-stabilizing agent such as hexafluoroisopropanol or trifluoroaetic acid. The composite catalyst has a significantly higher Bronsted acidity than the perfluorinated polymersulfonic acid.

Abstract: A process for the isomerization of a tertiary double bonded olefin having a hydrogen atom attached to a carbon atom vicinal to the tertiary carbon of the double bond comprises treating the olefin in a solution of dry liquid sulfur dioxide in the presence of a catalyst selected from oxygen, a hydroperoxide or a protic acid or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A method for isomerizing isobutene or n-butene to produce a mixture of isobutene and normal butene, and polymerizing at least a portion thereof to produce isobutene/n-butene codimer, which comprieses feeding at least 80 weight % of either the isobutene or n-butene to a catalytic distillation reactor containing a fixed bed acidic cation exchange resin catalyst packing which provides both the catalyst sites and distillation sites for the reaction products, isomerizing a portion of the isobutene or n-butene to produce a mixture of isobutene and n-butene and reacting at least a portion of the isobutene and n-butene to form codimer of isobutene and n-butene, whereby an overhead fraction containing any unreacted isobutene and n-butene and a bottoms fraction containing codimer is produced. The result of the reaction is substantially the same regardless whether the feed is isobutene or n-butene. Other aspects of the invention, include combinations of procedures to produce high purity isobutene and n-butene.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon conversion process for light olefin isomerization is disclosed. The feed stream is admixed with the overhead vapor stream of a fractionation column, which also acts as a feed stream drying column. The resultant admixture flows through an isomerization zone, and the isomerization zone effluent is partially condensed and passed into the overhead receiver of the column. Uncondensed vapor from the overhead receiver is recycled to the isomerization zone as a hydrogen recycle stream and liquid hydrocarbons withdrawn from the receiver are charged to the top of the fractionation column as the feed stream to the column.

Abstract: A process for the catalytic skeleton isomerization of n-alkenes to isoalkenes comprises contacting the n-alkene with a fluorinated aluminum oxide as the catalyst at temperatures of 250.degree.-550.degree. C., in the presence of 0.5-150% by weight of water, based on the weight of the alkene employed and replenishing the fluorine discharged from the catalyst in metered amounts, continuously or discontinuously, using, e.g., a volatile fluorine compound. The catalyst, partially deactivated by coking, is regenerated by burning it off with an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of steam.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 2,3-dimethylbutene-2 is disclosed, which comprises the steps of converting isovaleraldehyde to isopropylacrolein, hydrogenating .alpha.-isopropylacrolein to form 2,3-dimethylbutanol, dehydrating 2,3-dimethylbutanol to form an olefin mixture comprising 2,3-dimethylbutene-1 and 2,3-dimethylbutene-2, and isomerizing the 2,3-dimethylbutene-1 contained in the mixture into 2,3-dimethylbutene-2. The present process is technically simple and inexpensive to utilize, and results in high yields of the desired product.

Abstract: A butene mixture is separated to yield a n-butene rich product and an isobutylane rich product in a fractionator system. Other suitable olefins may be separated in a similar manner.

Abstract: A process for the isomerization of normal olefinic hydrocarbons is disclosed. The feed stream is passed through a first reaction zone and is then cooled sufficiently to cause the condensation of from about 1 to 25 mole percent of the hydrocarbons in the isomerization zone effluent stream. The uncondensed portion of the effluent of the first reaction zone is heated and passed through a second reaction zone which is maintained at a lower temperature than the first reaction zone. The product isomer is recovered from the effluent of the second reaction zone.

Abstract: Beta pinene is converted to alpha pinene in liquid sulfur dioxide. The process is a regioselective isomerization of organic compounds having a carbon-carbon double bond at a tertiary carbon atom, by sulfur dioxide-induced allylic rearrangement of a hydrogen atom and/or replacement of a proton in the allylic position by a deuteron. The organic compound is contacted with sulfur dioxide at temperatures between about 0.degree. and 70.degree. C. for a time sufficient to effect such isomerization to a more stable isomer; and if deuteration is to take place D.sub.2 O is provided in the solution.

Abstract: Preparation of long chain alkane phosphonic acids involves reacting alpha olefin with macroreticular strong acid cation exchange resin to isomerize the olefin, reacting resulting internally unsaturated olefin with dimethylphosphite to produce non-terminally substituted alkanephosphonic acid dimethyl ester, and demethylating with anhydrous hydrogen chloride or hydrogen bromide.