Abstract: An exhaust-gas heat recovery appliance having a heat-exchanger line and a bypass line and a heat exchanger being arranged in the region of the heat-exchanger line. At least one valve device, for the purpose of influencing the mass flow of exhaust gas, is provided in the heat-exchanger line and the bypass line. Further, at least the heat-exchanger line has a slope in the direction of flow of the exhaust gas in the installed position.

Abstract: For the regeneration of an NOx storage catalyst by means of hydrogen in a secondary hydrogen process, the hydrogen required for the regeneration is taken from a primary hydrogen process.

Abstract: Either (a) the exhaust (20) of an engine (9) and/or (b) inlet air (11) is sent to a hydrogen generator (22) along with diesel fuel (18) to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide (26) for either (c) mixing with the mainstream of exhaust fed to a catalytic converter (28) or (d) regenerating a pair of NOx adsorption traps (35, 36), thereby reducing oxides of nitrogen (NOx) to provide system exhaust (29) which may have less than 0.20 grams/bhp/hr of NOx and 0.14 grams/bhp/hr of non-methane hydrocarbons. A water recovery unit (52, 63) may extract water from either the exhaust or the effluent of the NOx traps to humidify inlet air (11) for mixture with fuel. Inlet air (11) may be humidified in an air bubbling humidifier (72) that receives water from a condenser (76) that uses inlet air to cool NOx trap effluent.

Abstract: An exhaust water trap assembly has separated and spaced exhaust tubes, and a dome cap blocking entry of water to protect an upstream catalytic converter or soot filter. A first tube extends axially upwardly into a housing, and a second tube is spaced vertically thereabove. The dome cap on the top end of the first tube blocks exhaust flow axially upwardly therepast and blocks entry of water axially downwardly therepast.

Abstract: A moisture removal device for an internal combustion engine use exhaust gas purifying device with a trapped moisture amount estimation means which estimates amount of moisture exhausted from an internal combustion engine and trapped in the catalyst, a judgement means which judges whether the estimated value of the trapped moisture amount exceeds a predetermined amount, and means for controlling removal of the moisture trapped in the catalyst, wherein when the estimated value of moisture trapped in the catalyst exceeds the predetermined value, a control of removing the moisture in the catalyst is performed. Whereby, since the moisture trapped by the catalyst can be removed and a possible elution of the catalyst components can be prevented, reduction of exhaust gas purifying performance of the catalyst can be prevented.

Abstract: The present invention provides a self-replenishing liquid water source onboard an automobile for supplying liquid water to an electrolyzer, such as an on-board hydrogen generator useful for the suppression of unwanted emissions. While automobiles typically have water reservoirs resupplied by a person, the invention provides a passive means of water collection for reliable replenishment due to operations of the automobile itself. The invention provides condensate from the engine exhaust gas by cooling a region of the exhaust system using cooling fluid from the engine coolant system. The cooling fluid is circulated during a period following the engine cold start event when the heat load on the engine coolant system is low.

Abstract: A diverter (60) is provided, which is of low cost and which is effective in more evenly distributing exhaust gasses passing from a small diameter upstream exhaust gas pipe section (42) into a much larger diameter catalytic converter assembly (20). The diverter includes a diverter element (70) and mounting brackets (72). The diverter element has a central hole (82) and has conical walls with an included angle of at least 70°, the conical walls having a plurality of holes (90). The large conical angle (G) of the diverter effectively directs exhaust gases to the periphery of the large diameter catalytic converter but blocks a radially intermediate portion of the catalyst, while the holes in the conical diverter walls allow sufficient exhaust gases to reach the radially intermediate portion of the catalyst.

Abstract: A moisture removal device for an internal combustion engine use exhaust gas purifying device with a trapped moisture amount estimation means which estimates amount of moisture exhausted from an internal combustion engine and trapped in the catalyst, a judgement means which judges whether the estimated value of the trapped moisture amount exceeds a predetermined amount, and means for controlling removal of the moisture trapped in the catalyst, wherein when the estimated value of moisture trapped in the catalyst exceeds the predetermined value, a control of removing the moisture in the catalyst is performed. Whereby, since the moisture trapped by the catalyst can be removed and a possible elution of the catalyst components can be prevented, reduction of exhaust gas purifying performance of the catalyst can be prevented.

Abstract: A method for the recovery and purification of water from the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine is disclosed. An apparatus for carrying out that method is also disclosed. In this method, the water is condensed out from the vehicle's exhaust (for example, by using a countercurrent flow heat exchanger in combination with a chiller), and the condensed water is then purified. The purification typically includes passing the water through one or more particulate filters; passing the water through one or more activated carbon filter beds, and passing the water through one or more ion exchange resin filter beds.

Abstract: Drainage is enhanced in an orifice formed inside the internal passage of a pneumatic line by providing the orifice with first and second portions. The first portion defines a diameter that is smaller than the diameter of the internal passage, and the second portion defines a progressively increasing diameter. Generally, a first end of the second portion has a diameter that is equal to the first portion diameter, and a second end of the second portion has a diameter that is equal to the internal passage diameter.

Abstract: An exhaust gases purification device for internal combustion engines, of the kind that includes a duct which channels gases from the engine exhaust manifold, and injects them into the device. The device includes a quiet chamber, wherein gases expand, a first standard filter, a buffer plate, then a second filter, and then a centralizer-diffuser assembly where the gas flow is contacted with two external cold air drafts and part of the polluting gases are channeled into a turbulent chamber, from which they are fed into the engine as intake gases. The remaining flow is discharged into an tube ending in a atomizer, and from there into an exhaust tube. The turbulent chamber includes an engine port portion that discharges into fixed buckets, where gases are expanded and channeled into the atomizer that contains a gas recovery outlet back into the engine.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of use with internal combustion engines, such as used for land vehicles, for the on-board recovery and purification of water. The source of water is from the vehicle's exhaust, where it is collected by condensation. The water recovery system consists of a device for cooling the exhaust so as to condense out the water, such as a counter-current flow heat exchanger in combination with a chiller (a refrigerant-cooled heat exchanger), which cools the exhaust below its dew point. Exhaust condensate is collected at the outlet of the chiller. These cooling devices may be coupled with the vehicle's air conditioning system. The condensed water then flows through the water purification portion of the present invention.

Abstract: An exhaust system for an internal combustion engine has special accommodations for preventing the pooling of water in the passageways of the exhaust system. One or more of the components of the exhaust system such as mufflers and or sections of exhaust tubing etc. have absorbent liners disposed at points within said exhaust system where water is likely to pool. The absorbent liners wick moisture away from the inner surfaces of the exhaust components in which they are disposed. Moisture is held within the absorbent liners until the temperature of the exhaust system rises enough to evaporate the moisture at which time the water vapor exits the exhaust system with the combustion products of the internal combustion engine. The absorbent liners are of a size and shape and are positioned within the exhaust system components such that they present minimal restriction to flow of combustion products through the exhaust system.

Abstract: A static mixer in the exhaust emission control system of an excess-air-operated combustion engine is formed of an expanded grid with a plurality of openings formed between crossbars. Using an expanded grid achieves both good mixing of the exhaust gas with a reducing agent in a short mixing path and properly aligns the exhaust flow.

Abstract: In an exhaust path, a HC trapping material which traps HC contained in exhaust gas temporarily, a H2O trap which traps H2O contained in exhaust gas and a CO oxidation catalyst are arranged in this order from the upstream side, wherein the H2O trap is disposed just upstream of and close to the CO oxidation catalyst. H2O and HC which are components disturbing the activity of the CO oxidation catalyst can be removed efficiently and the adsorption heat and condensation heat of H2O can be efficiently utilized to raise the temperature of the CO oxidation catalyst so that early activation of the CO oxidation catalyst is accomplished just after an engine starts.

Abstract: An exhaust system for an internal combustion with a catalytic converter connected to the exhaust pipe for cleaning the engine exhaust gas in the presence of a reducing agent also includes a condensation water collector into which the exhaust gases are diverted prior to reaching the catalytic converter. The collector condenses moisture in the exhaust gas to produce liquid water condensate that is held in a reservoir. The water condensate is combined with a reactant capable of forming a reducing agent and the aqueous solution of the reactant is introduced into the exhaust gas upstream of the catalytic converter.

Abstract: A low pressure EGR system suitable for use as a passive retrofit system is disclosed for moving vehicles equipped with a diesel engine. The EGR loop inlet is positioned upstream of the exhaust particulate filter and downstream of the turbine to utilize backpressure created by the exhaust particulate filter to insure EGR flow in the loop. A catalyzed soot filter in communication with the EGR pickup insures cleansed EGR gases at the EGR return downstream of the air filter and upstream of the compressor. A corrugated EGR line provides cooling of the EGR gases.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for the removal of carbon particles (soot), odor, gas and particulate from the exhaust of a diesel engine. The method includes a carbon (soot) collector which collects the carbon (soot) and noxious odor which is connected to the catalytic converter of the engine, then enters a heat exchanger for cooling and condensing a major portion of the exhaust into a liquid condensate. The condensate enters a first reactor which neutralizes any acids present in the condensate and passes through an automatic drain into a holding tank. The non-condensed gases flow into a second reactor connected to a holding tank. Gases are reacted in the second chemical reactor with a substance which absorbs the carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide. The two reactors remove a large quantity of nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. The treated gases then flow into a the soot bath for removal of minute carbon (soot) particles and thence into a vapor remover.

Abstract: A compact reversing flow catalytic converter for reducing noxious substances in exhaust gases produced by internal combustion engines is described. The catalytic converter includes a valve unit which reversibly directs exhaust gases through a container filled with catalytic material. The container defines a U-shaped gas passage which communicates with two ports at a top of the container. The valve unit is mounted to the top of the container and includes an intake and an exhaust cavity. The valve unit includes a valve disk having two openings therethrough and rotates around a perpendicular central axis between a first and second position. In each position, each opening communicates only with one of the cavities and one of the ports. In the first position, the exhaust gases enter the exhaust cavity from an exhaust pipe and pass through one of the openings into the gas passage where they contact the catalytic material as they travel through the U-shaped gas passage and enter the exhaust cavity.

Abstract: A mixture delivery device for introducing a reducing agent into an exhaust gas system of an internal combustion engine in which, a urea-water solution is introduced into a region of the exhaust gas system, upstream of a catalytic converter, through the introduction of compressed air, in order to bring about the reduction of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine. The mixture delivery device includes a mixture carrying line, with a first section that extends laterally to the exhaust gas flow and a second section that extends concentrically to a longitudinal axis of the exhaust gas system. The mixture carrying line is inserted into the exhaust gas system, wherein the urea-water solution is injected in the form of a cone into the exhaust gas upstream of the catalytic converter via blow-out openings embodied radially in the second section.

Abstract: A vertically-extending L-shaped exhaust pipe and method of manufacturing same are disclosed. The exhaust pipe includes a drain hole located at the bottom of the horizontal portion of the exhaust pipe for allowing liquids to drain from the pipe in order to avoid harming upstream exhaust system or engine components. An elliptically shaped guide is welded into an arcuate slot immediately upstream of the drain hole and is angled in the downstream direction so as to direct the flow of liquid toward the drain opening and away from upstream exhaust system components. The present invention is simple to manufacture, eliminates the need for a noisy flapper lid, and maintains the structural integrity of the exhaust pipe.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for removing gasses and particulate matter from automobile exhaust. The apparatus includes a heat exchanger connected to an automobile exhaust system for cooling exhaust and condensing at least a portion of the exhaust into a liquid condensate. A fluid separator is connected to the heat exchanger and separates the condensate and at least some of the particulate matter from non-condensed gasses. The condensate is passed into a fluid holding tank. The condensate is treated in a first chemical reactor which neutralizes any acids present in the liquid. Non-condensed gasses flow into a second chemical reactor connected to the fluid separator. Gasses are reacted in the second chemical reactor with a substance which absorbs carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide and removes more of the particulate matter. The treated gasses are vented to atmosphere through an exhaust outlet.

Abstract: An adsorption apparatus provided with a means for physically separating and removing moisture, such as a cyclone type separating means or metal honeycomb or other cooling and condensing means, at the upstream side of a hydrocarbon adsorbent so as to enable the hydrocarbons exhausted at the time of engine start-up to be efficiently adsorbed by eliminating the decline in the adsorption power caused by the moisture in the exhaust gas.

Abstract: A method and a device for forming a simulated signal of the temperature of the exhaust gas, exhaust gas sensor or catalytic converter for an internal combustion engine. Using a temperature characteristic depending on the air mass stream, and two low-pass filters with time constants depending on the air mass stream, the exhaust gas temperature upstream from the catalytic converter, the exhaust gas sensor temperature and the catalytic converter temperature are simulated. The air mass, integrated since the time the internal combustion engine is started, is compared with two threshold values to determine whether or not there is still condensation water present in the exhaust gas channel upstream from the catalytic converter and/or in the catalytic converter itself. If condensation water is present, the simulated temperature(s) is limited to a value of approximately 50.degree. to 60.degree. C.

Abstract: The exhaust gas of a motor vehicle is cleaned of contaminants by passing the gas through an inclinded partition box disposed within a shell container, wherein a plurality of collection cylinders are supported by the box for separating the exhaust gas contaminants which are collected in a waste bucket. The water vapor in the exhaust gas is condensed by air received in and discharged from the shell container through filters at both ends thereof.

Abstract: A process for operating a combustion engine which comprises the steps of thermoelectrochemiclly regenerating waste heat rejected by the combustion engine by adding waste heat to an electrolysis cell, generating hydrogen by an amount of electricity that is reduced as a result of additions of waste heat and using the hydrogen as a stratified-charge combustant within each combustion chamber of the engine.

Abstract: A process for operating an internal combustion heat engine which comprises the steps of thermochemically regenerating waste heat rejected by the heat engine by reacting at least one conventional fuel compound containing hydrogen and carbon with an oxygen donor using substantial quantities of the waste heat to produce a mixture of engine-fuel containing substantial quantities of hydrogen and carbon monoxide and utilizing the mixture of engine-fuel to operate an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: An apparatus to produce a low oxygen containing gas in which exhaust gases from an engine are cooled by passing them through a manifold cooler. Harmful gases are removed by passing the exhaust gases through a catalytic converter for removal of NOX. Air in injected and the exhaust gas passed through a further catalytic converter for removal of CO. The exhaust gases are then cooled by passing them through an air to gas heat exchanger, and a series of water-cooled heat exchangers which are water-cooled and the resulting condensate removed by condensate drain. The water coolant is supplied by a closed circuit radiator system. The exhaust gases are then passed through a condensate screen and two filter beds for removal of moisture which may be regenerated by passing warm air derived from the air to gas heat exchanger through them when not in use. The operation of the system may be regulated by a fuel management system which includes an oxygen sensor.

Abstract: An exhaust gas and pollutant trap is provided for an exhaust system of a motor vehicle, in which the exhaust system is of the type having an engine exhaust pipe and a muffler. The trap consists of a solid support and connection pipe affixed between the engine exhaust pipe and the muffler of the exhaust system of the motor vehicle. A first mechanism included in the trap is carried by the solid support and condenses water vapor from the exhaust gases coming through the engine exhaust pipe. A second mechanism included in the trap, sprays condensed water into the exhaust gases entering the muffler, whereby exhaust gases and solid pollutants are saturated with water and to fall downward to reduce atmosphere contamination.

Abstract: An exhaust outlet with venturi is disclosed, comprising an upstream portion (18) in the form of a venturi, defined by upstream walls (16) converging at an open angle and connected, in a narrowed portion (15) to downstream walls (17) diverging at a more reduced angle and a cylindrical downstream portion (3) connected continuously to the downstream walls (17) of the upstream portion (18). The presence of the upstream portion in the form of a venturi substantially reduces the backlash noise without substantially affecting the available power of the engine.

Abstract: An exhaust outlet is disclosed, characterized by the presence of an intermediate expansion chamber (4) situated between a collector tube (3) and an outlet tube (5). The intermediate expansion chamber (4) comprises a first portion (6) with divergent walls and a second portion (7) with convergent walls. A discharge orifice (9) is formed in the central zone (8) of the expansion chamber. The expansion chamber (4) captures the particles brought by the gases and discharges them through the discharge orifice (9).

Abstract: An anti-moisture device for removing moisture droplets from an interior surface of a duct, characterized by an outer edge secured to the interior surface of the duct, an inner edge surrounding an opening, and a connecting wall between the outer edge and the inner edge. The inner edge of the anti-moisture device is positioned closer to a downstream end of the duct than the outer edge whereby the connecting wall is positioned at an angle relative to the interior surface of the duct. Moisture droplets traveling upstream will be caught between the connecting wall and the interior surface of the duct, on the downstream side of the device. The connecting wall is dimensioned so that a turbulent disturbance will be created along the interior surface of the duct whereby moisture droplets will be removed. The anti-moisture device is preferably made of a thermally conductive material so that moisture droplets contacting the device will be flashed into steam, or vaporized.

Abstract: A pollution control apparatus is shown for use on automobiles and trucks. This pollution control apparatus fits on the automotive exhaust pipe. A collector unit is secured between the exhaust pipe and tail pipe. The collector unit has a pair of blowers or bladed rotors which are impinged by a mixture of exhaust gases and water which causes the water droplets and dissolved and entrained materials to separate and drain through outlet drains. Water is injected into a U-shaped trap between exhaust pipe and the collector unit. Water from the bottom of the collector unit is pumped by a pump to a reservoir and entrained material is separated by a filter. Water from the filter drains by gravity through a radiator coil and thence to the reservoir from which it flows through vacuum valve to a U-shaped fitting. The water is injected into the exhaust gas stream to wash out entrained and soluble material. The mixture flows through blowers which cause the entrained and water-dissolved material to separate as described.

Abstract: Hot exhaust gases from individual cylinders of a diesel engine are cooled and partially cleansed in respective selected heat exchangers. The cooled and partially cleansed exhaust gases discharged from the plurality of heat exchangers are combined and then passed to a single electrostaic precipitation device for further cleansing. When it becomes necessary to regenerate one or more of the heat exchangers, only a single heat exchanger is transferred to a regeneration mode of operation. At this time, all of the other heat exchangers continue to operate in the partial cleansing mode. During the regeneration of the one heat exchanger, the exhaust gases therefrom continue to be mixed with the exhaust gases of the remainder of the heat exchangers. All of the exhaust gases from a given cylinder of the engine always pass through only a single of the heat exchangers.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an arrangement by which harmful or noxious substances such as NOx or SOx may be evaporated from a gas heated pump system. The deletion of the substances is provided by heating a portion of the exhaust system in which the substances would collect. The heating evaporates the substances before they can be emitted to the atmosphere.

Abstract: A closed circuit system using a diesel engine, or a gas turbine, operating by recycling its exhaust gases, and having a set of fuel tanks, and a set of oxygen tanks for liquid or gaseous storage. The water produced by the combustion is stored in the same fuel tanks, and the CO.sub.2 produced by the combustion is stored, even in gaseous phase, in the same oxygen tanks after the tanks have been emptied of the oxygen used to support the combustion. The storage temperature is slightly above the sea water temperature and at a minimum storage pressure of 40 ata.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of transferring water from gases generated by combustion to air of combustion when burning hydrogen-containing or moist fuels, in which the combustion gases are cooled to temperatures beneath or in the proximity of their dew point temperature. Subsequent to this initial cooling, the gases are further cooled by means of a regenerative exchange of heat with the incoming air of combustion, such that water vapor is condensed on the combustion gas side and revaporized on the air of combustion side, both heat and water vapor being transferred from the combustion gases to the air of combustion. In accordance with one preferred embodiment of the invention, the method is effected in a combustion engine, such as a diesel engine or Otto-cycle engine.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for use in nautical craft exhaust systems for removal of smoke and gaseous pollutants from exhaust gases generated therein. The apparatus is formed of an elongate section housing a plurality of double ear arcuate baffles which are individually offset at varying angles from a perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the elongate section.

Abstract: A system for automatically controlling the buoyancy of a lighter-than-air craft by condensing water ballast from engine exhaust gases.

Abstract: A marine engine exhaust muffler assembly (8) includes inlet and outlet members (10, 11), the axes (13, 14) of which are offset from each other. A muffler housing (12) is disposed between the inlet and outlet members and forms a chamber (15) having disposed therein an annular multi-layered cartridge (23), and with the layers having a multiplicity of perforations (27) therein for passage of exhaust gases and spent engine cooling water therethrough. The water assists in keeping the muffler clean. An imperforate arcuate blocking plate (31) is nested within the lower portion of the cartridge to permit accumulation of the spent engine cooling water within the cartridge to aid in noise reduction at certain engine speeds. The blocking plate is provided with a relief opening means (33) for assisting in water drainage upon engine shutoff.

Abstract: A particulate trap system for use with a diesel engine includes a first particulate trap in heat exchange relation with the exhaust materials passing through the first exhaust bank, and a second particulate trap similarly located with respect to the second exhaust bank. A first exhaust pipe extends from the first exhaust bank to the inlet of the second trap, while a second exhaust pipe extends from the second exhaust bank to the inlet of the first trap. Each exhaust pipe is sufficiently long to allow some condensation of hydrocarbons in the exhaust materials due to cooling thereof. When the mixture of exhaust gases and condensed hydrocarbons arrives in the respective traps, the temperature is again increased due to the heat exchange taking place, and trap regeneration through combustion takes place.

Abstract: Water is recovered and purified from exhaust gases of internal combustion engines which produce water vapor when a hydrocarbon fuel is burned. The present invention passes the engine exhaust through a particulate filter then a catalytic reactor to remove the impurities and then through a precooler and a condenser so as to extract the water therein. The water is then passed through a polishing column and recovered for use in the vehicle.

Abstract: A moisture inhibitor comprising a housing having a cavity, an entrance port passing through the housing to the cavity of the housing and an exit port passing through the housing to the cavity of the housing and a dividing wall inside the housing in the cavity of the housing coupled to the housing between the entrance port and the exit port wherein the dividing wall rises up in the cavity of the housing above the entrance port and above the exit port and a lower trap coupled to the housing below the entrance port and a sloped floor coupled to the housing below the entrance port which slopes down and away from the entrance port towards the lower trap and is coupled to the lower trap and an upper trap coupled to the housing in the cavity of the housing above the entrance port and a sloped wall coupled to the dividing wall so that the sloped wall slopes down and away from the entrance port towards the exit port and cooling means.

Abstract: The present invention provides an exhaust system comprising an elongated hollow casing having an upstream muffler chamber containing an insulated removable cartridge for sound absorbing and sound collecting, an intermediate chamber containing a removable spark and moisture arrester and a downstream chamber having a removable and replaceable cartridge containing exhaust gas purifying material. In one embodiment the cartridge provides dual chambers, one for absorbing and absorbing exhaust gas pollutants and the other for catalytic conversion of the same or different exhaust gases. The purifying cartridge is constructed of a foraminous material such as heat and corrosion resistant wire mesh or screen. Similarly, the muffler cartridge is an elongated hollow shell formed of a foraminous heat and corrosion resistant material such as wire mesh or screen. The annular space around the muffler cartridge is preferably filled with a heat-resistant, sound-absorbing, gas previous material.

Abstract: The present invention provides an exhaust system comprising an elongated hollow casing having an upstream muffler chamber containing an insulated removable cartridge for sound absorbing and sound collecting, an intermediate chamber containing a removable spark and moisture arrester and a downstream chamber having a removable and replaceable cartridge containing exhaust gas purifying material. In one embodiment the cartridge provides dual chambers, one for absorbing and absorbing exhaust gas pollutants and the other for catalytic conversion of the same or different exhaust gases. The purifying cartridge is constructed of a foraminous material such as heat and corrosion resistant wire mesh or screen. Similarly, the muffler cartridge is an elongated hollow shell formed of a foraminous heat and corrosion resistant material such as wire mesh or screen. The annular space around the muffler cartridge is preferably filled with a heat-resistant, sound-absorbing, gas previous material.

Abstract: A system for controlling emissions of particulates and heavy organic vapors in the exhaust gases of diesel engines includes, in a preferred embodiment, a heat exchanger for cooling the engine exhaust gases below the condensation temperature of the organic vapors and their resultant adsorption onto the entrained particulates, and a particulate trap connected to receive the cooled gases from the heat exchanger and collect therefrom entrained particulates and heavy organic vapors adsorbed thereon. A bypass system is provided to direct high temperature exhaust gases around the filtration device to avoid desorption of condensed vapors from the collected particulates and other auxiliary filter and control means are included.

Abstract: The present disclosure shows a system for providing a continuous supply of at least partly distilled water to an internal combustion engine for inclusion in the air-fuel mixture passing through the carburetor, in order to increase the efficiency of the engine to decrease fuel consumption, to reduce emissions and to prevent knocking. The water may be mixed and emulsified with the liquid fuel before these components enter the carburetor, or the fuel may be introduced to the carburetor separately, or the water and the fuel may be introduced together without a preliminary mixing. The partially distilled water, that is free of solid ingredients, is produced continuously during engine operation by diverting a portion of the exhaust gas from the engine to an air cooled condenser to condense water therefrom and a controlled amount of water is passed to the engine. Means are provided for variably proportioning the quantity of water delivered to the quantity of liquid fuel passing to the carburetor.

Abstract: Combustion products having water vapor mixed therewith are conducted along a helical path by a heat transfer conduit in surrounding relation to a cylindrical cooling zone. A blower at one axial end of said cooling zone induces an axial inflow of air that is radially discharged through the gaps between adjacent coil sections of the heat transfer conduit causing condensation of the water and entrainment therein of noxious components of the combustion products. Additional cooling may be provided through an evaporator coil within the cooling zone.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for use with two media, one of which is to be heated up and the other of which is to be cooled down. The heat exchanger has an inlet and an outlet for the medium which is to be cooled down, as well as a plurality of parallel conduits which are connected between the inlet and outlet so that the medium flows through the conduits as it passes through the heat exchanger. The conduits are connected to each other such that the medium changes its direction of flow by 180.degree. at least once between the point where it enters the heat exchanger through the inlet and the point where it leaves the heat exchanger through the outlet.

Abstract: An emission control system for an internal combustion engine cools the exhaust gases sufficiently to condense a substantial portion of the pollutants as a separable liquid or solid phase. The engine exhaust gases are initially cooled and then compressed, again cooled, and work-expanded in an open reversed Brayton cycle to obtain a significant temperature decrease. The resulting cooled gases from this the pollutants are readily separated may be employed to provide refrigeration or air-conditioning for moving vehicles.