Abstract: An engine control apparatus works to determine target values of a plurality of combustion parameters which represent combustion states of fuel in a combustion engine and are needed to achieve required performances of the combustion engine, calculate a combustion parameter deviation that is a deviation of an actual value of each of the combustion parameters from the target value thereof, select at least one of controlled parameters correlating with the combustion parameters as a function of a degree of a selected one of the combustion parameter deviations for minimizing the selected one of the combustion parameter deviations. The controlled parameters are parameters for controlling operations of actuators working to control the combustion states of the combustion engine. The engine control apparatus controls the one of the controlled parameters, as selected by the controlled parameter selector, to minimize the selected one of the combustion parameter deviations.

Abstract: An active control sound generator apparatus may include a housing disposed at an end of an intake duct in a vehicle, having an intake port at an end, and having a driving unit case thereon, a control actuator disposed at a side in the driving unit case, a valve plate disposed in the intake port and connected to a rotary shaft, wherein the valve plate selectively opens or closes the intake port, a control unit including a position sensing wheel disposed at an end of the rotary shaft of the valve plate, in the driving unit case to measure a rotation amount of the valve plate, and a driving gear assembly engaged with the valve plate and the rotary shaft, in the driving unit case, and reducing and transmitting torque of the control actuator to the rotary shaft.

Abstract: An exhaust apparatus for an internal combustion engine wherein an on-off gate valve and a driving source therefor are not required for each bypass pipe. The exhaust apparatus includes a plurality of exhaust pipes extending independently from each other individually from a plurality of exhaust ports. Bypass paths communicate the exhaust pipes with each other in a region wherein the exhaust pipes are independent of each other. The bypass paths are opened or closed to control an exhaust characteristic. A plurality of bypass paths are provided and a bypass joining section at which the bypass paths are joined so as to be positioned in parallel to and in the neighborhood with each other is provided. At the bypass joining section, a single on-off valve that opens and closes the bypass paths simultaneously, and a single actuator for driving the on-off valve to open and close are provided.

Abstract: An exhaust device for a multi-cylinder engine for connecting both exhaust passage members with a communicating hole formed in each one when the two exhaust passage members are to be spaced apart. A base plate has a through hole communicating with the communicating hole and a cover plate for covering the outside of the base plate. The outer circumferential area of the through hole of the base plate overlaps the outer surface of the exhaust pipe with the entire outer circumferential area of the through hole is welded to the exhaust pipe. The edge portions on both sides of the cover plate are welded to the base plate so as to surround the outer side of the through hole. The area extending between edge portions on both sides of the cover plate is welded to the front and rear edge portions of the base plate.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods, apparatuses and systems to manage exhaust gas expelled from cylinders of an internal combustion engine. An exemplary system may comprise at least one cylinder of the engine configured to operate as a dedicated exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) cylinder, and wherein substantially all exhaust gas expelled from the dedicated EGR cylinder is recirculated to an intake system of the engine. In one embodiment, the system may include a flow restrictor configured and arranged to restrict a flow of the recirculated exhaust gas to the dedicated EGR cylinder without restricting a flow of the recirculated exhaust gas to the remaining cylinders of the engine. In another embodiment, exhaust gas may be expelled from the dedicated EGR cylinder in pulsations, and the intake system may be configured to reduce an amplitude of the pulsations of the exhaust gas expelled from the dedicated EGR cylinder.

Abstract: A method for purifying and muffling exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine, comprising the following steps: 1) allowing exhaust gas discharged by the internal combustion engine to enter into the interior of a housing (6) via an exhaust gas inlet (7) of the housing (6), wherein abrupt expansion of cross section occurs from the exhaust gas inlet (7) to the interior of the housing (6); 2) allowing scrubbing water which can absorb SO2 to enter via a scrubbing water inlet (11), and allowing the exhaust gas in the interior of the housing and the scrubbing water to come into contact with each other, then discharging the scrubbing water via a scrubbing water outlet (12) of the housing; and 3) discharging the exhaust gas via an exhaust gas outlet (10) of the housing. The method simultaneously produces effects of purifying SO2, muffling and saving energy, and eliminates sparks in the exhaust gas. A device and system for purifying and muffling exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine are also provided.

Abstract: A muffler for an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine has a muffler body, an inlet pipe, a primary exhaust pipe and an auxiliary exhaust pipe. The inlet pipe has an inlet outside the muffler body and an outlet inside the muffler body. The primary exhaust pipe has an inlet inside the muffler body, a main outlet outside the muffler body, and at least one auxiliary outlet defined in a side of the primary exhaust pipe between the inlet and the main outlet of the primary exhaust pipe. The auxiliary exhaust pipe fluidly communicates the at least one auxiliary outlet with an exterior of the muffler. A vehicle having a primary exhaust pipe and an auxiliary exhaust pipe is also disclosed.

Abstract: An extendible exhaust system is disclosed for preventing exhaust gas seepage into the passenger compartment of a vehicle utilizing a pipe extender that slides along the tailpipe. The pipe extender has a retracted position and an extended position. The pipe extender moves from the retracted position to the extended position when the vehicle travels forward at a predetermined speed. When in the extended position, exhaust flows through the additional length of the pipe extender before exiting the exhaust system. Movement of the pipe extender from the retracted to the extended position may be by airflow traveling past the moving vehicle pushing on a flange acting as a sail against a tension spring. An electromagnet or motor drive system with a movement sensor may also be used to move the pipe extender from the retracted to the extended position.

Abstract: The expandable chamber acoustic silencer may be installed at the inlet or outlet of virtually any mechanism that processes air or other gas flow therethrough, to reduce the audible output of the gas flow. The silencer may be used to reduce the noise produced in an air conditioning system, in the inlet or outlet side of an air compressor, or as a muffler for an internal combustion engine, among other applications. The device includes an expansion chamber having adjustable walls driven by actuators installed within the walls to adjust the cross-sectional area of the chamber, with a portion of the walls being formed of a flexible or resilient material to enable such expansion and retraction. One or more microphones are installed at the outlet and/or inlet ends of the silencer and communicate with a controller that operates the actuators in accordance with a predetermined algorithm.

Abstract: An exhaust collector system for discharging a flow of exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine. The exhaust collector system includes a plurality of primary headers having their discharge portions merged together at a merge angle into a substantially oval or obround-shaped manifold outlet, and a substantially-round secondary pipe having a pipe inlet with a diameter greater than the diameter of the primary headers. The exhaust collector system also includes an oval-to-round collector flowtube which has a substantially oval-or obround-shaped collector inlet that is coupled with the manifold outlet and a substantially-round collector outlet that is coupled with the pipe inlet. The collector flowtube has a constant circumference along its entire length and a transverse cross-sectional area that continuously increases from the collector inlet to the collector outlet to cause a continuous expansion of the flow of exhaust gases.

Abstract: An exhaust system for an internal combustion engine, having a first exhaust tract assigned to a first group of cylinders of the internal combustion engine, and having a second exhaust tract assigned to a second group of cylinders of the internal combustion engine, each exhaust tract comprising an exhaust gas purification device, a first silencer arranged on the outlet side of the respective exhaust gas purification device, and a second silencer arranged on the outlet side of the respective first silencer. Each exhaust tract includes a bypass line, it being possible for exhaust gas to be diverted via each bypass line, starting from the respective first silencer, bypassing the second silencers, and the bypass lines and hence the first silencers of both exhaust tracts being connected to one another by a mixing line.

Abstract: Disclosed is an exhaust extension apparatus and method for converting a motorcycle exhaust system into a dual or quadruple exhaust system. The device is suited for motorcycles, off-road vehicles, or a vehicle with a reciprocating engine with multiple cylinders. Each exhaust extension unit comprises two metallic pipes shaped and welded together to form an exhaust extension unit having one exhaust intake and two equal-flow exhaust exits. Two exhaust extension units may be paired and connected to the exhaust pipes on each side of a motorcycle rider's seat, thereby providing a quadruple set of exhaust pipes and further, an increase in the performance of the engine.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine capable of efficiently supplying air to an exhaust path even in a high load state. The internal combustion engine includes a convergent section, a divergent section, and a branch section. The branch section branches a shock wave, propagating in a downstream direction at a higher velocity than exhaust gas flowing into an exhaust path from a combustion chamber when an exhaust valve is opened, from a portion of the exhaust path which is upstream with respect to the divergent section, and propagates the shock wave back to the exhaust path. The exhaust gas is caused to pass the convergent section and to collide against the shock wave between the branch section and the divergent section so as to increase the pressure of the exhaust gas in the convergent section. Such exhaust gas is caused to pass the divergent section to generate a new shock wave.

Abstract: A method and apparatus, for adjusting an exhaust, having an at least one body element with a housing member having an at least one exhaust outlet. An at least one exhaust element is contained within the at least one body element with an at least one slip section and an at least one spring member. An at least one pressure regulating member extends and is slidingly held between the at least one body element and the at least one exhaust element. The pressure regulating member separates a pressure chamber section within the housing, wherein the pressure regulating member is pressed against the at least one spring member by pressures built up by exiting exhaust gasses in the pressure chamber resulting in a variation in the length of the exhaust system.

Abstract: A Tier 4 ready silencer that can accept both DOCs and DPFs to meet Tier 3 and can interface with an SCR system to meet Tier 4. The invention includes a silencer compartment with empty filter/catalyst banks in the shape of a V. DOCs and DPFs can be added and arranged in the V-shaped banks as needed. Various exhaust fins direct exhaust flow through the filters/catalysts. Multiple exhaust inlets to the device provide the most direct route possible from the engine outlets. A mixing tube and an SCR system can be added to the output port to comply with Tier 4.

Abstract: A degree of dispersion of a reducing agent added to an exhaust gas flowing into an exhaust gas purification apparatus is controlled. Before addition fuel is added, a valve opening Vd of a flow area changing valve is changed to generate pulsation of the exhaust gas, so that addition valve vicinity exhaust gas pressure Pg varies periodically. Addition timing TMad is controlled to synchronize with extremum arrival timing TMe. High or low dispersion type addition control adds fuel at timing (CP) when the addition valve vicinity exhaust gas pressure Pg becomes a maximum value Pgmax, at timing (TP) when at a minimum value Pgmin, or at both timings (CP, TP).

Abstract: A multi-cylinder internal combustion engine capable of decreasing the pressure or temperature of exhaust gas. The internal combustion engine includes at least two cylinders and an exhaust path. The exhaust path includes a convergent-divergent nozzle and an exhaust merging section provided upstream with respect to an upstream end of the divergent section arranged to connect only exhaust ports of combustion chambers for which the opening periods do not overlap. A shock wave propagating in a merging upstream section is branched at a connection section, and the branched shock wave is reflected by an exhaust valve of cylinder and collides against the exhaust gas. In accompaniment with the passage of the exhaust gas having the pressure increased by the shock wave through the convergent-divergent nozzle, a new shock wave propagating in a downstream direction in the exhaust path is generated and also an expansion wave propagating in an upstream direction in the exhaust path is generated.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an exhaust gas treatment unit for an exhaust system of a combustion engine, in particular of a motor vehicle, includes a housing, a plurality of exhaust gas treatment elements, which are arranged in the housing and through which a parallel flow is possible. The unit further includes an outlet nozzle, which penetrates a side face of the housing, and an outlet space disposed in the housing, whereby the outlet of at least one of the exhaust gas treatment elements opens into the outlet space. The rigidity and/or effectiveness of the exhaust gas treatment unit can be improved by means of a funnel body disposed in the outlet space, and comprising a funnel surface which is permeable to exhaust gas. The funnel body connects an outlet end of one of the exhaust gas treatment elements with the outlet nozzle.

Abstract: A modular tuned exhaust pipe coupled to a remote controlled vehicle having a two stroke motor, having a body portion with an exhaust port. A convergent cone section is internally and slidingly mounted within the body portion and has an at last one exhaust hole. An adjustment Mechanism coupled to the convergent cone section. The turning of the adjustment mechanism slidingly moving the convergent cone within the body portion to adjust the tuned length of the modular tuned exhaust pipe. And a pressure adjustment screw, the pressure adjustment screw penetrating the body portion such that turning of the pressure adjustment screw increases or decreases the pressure within the modular tuned pipe.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine capable of improving cleaning efficiency by preventing an increase in the temperature of the exhaust gas to lessen the deterioration of the catalyst. The internal combustion engine includes a convergent section, a divergent section, and a branch section. The branch section branches a shock wave, propagating in a downstream direction at a higher velocity than exhaust gas flowing into an exhaust path from a combustion chamber when an exhaust valve is opened, from a portion of the exhaust path which is upstream with respect to the divergent section, and propagates the shock wave back to the exhaust path. The exhaust gas is caused to pass the convergent section and to collide against the shock wave between the branch section and the divergent section, so as to increase the pressure of the exhaust gas in the convergent section. Such exhaust gas is caused to pass the divergent section to generate a new shock wave and to decrease the temperature of the exhaust gas.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes a structure that increases the velocity of exhaust gas. The internal combustion engine includes a branch section arranged to branch a shock wave propagating at a higher velocity than exhaust gas and to guide the branched shock wave, and a reflecting section provided in the branch section. The reflecting section is arranged to reflect and return the shock wave back to an exhaust path and cause the shock wave to collide against the exhaust gas, thereby increasing the pressure of the exhaust gas. In accompaniment with the exhaust gas passing a divergent section of a convergent-divergent nozzle, a new shock wave propagating in a downstream direction in the exhaust path is generated, and the temperature and pressure of the exhaust gas are decreased.

Abstract: An internal combustion (IC) power plant includes an IC engine and an inventive exhaust system in combination. Because of the inventive exhaust system, the IC engine of the power plant produces considerably greater torque and horsepower, reduced emissions, and improved volumetric efficiency when compared to an identical IC engine which has not been combined with the inventive exhaust system.

Abstract: Exhausting apparatus for exhausting an internal combustion engine including an exhaust passage for flow of exhaust gases from the engine along an axis of the passage; one or more vanes mounted to an internal face the exhaust passage, said vanes being disposed in angular relationship to the axis of the passage and having a free edge spaced inwardly from and substantially coaxial with the internal face.

Abstract: An X-tube (1) is provided, for an at least partly double-flow exhaust system (2) of an internal combustion engine, especially of a motor vehicle, with a housing (3), which comprises two half shells (4, 5) and which has two inlet openings (7, 8) on an inlet side (6) and two outlet openings (10, 11) on an outlet side (9). The housing provides an interior space (12), which is enclosed by the housing (3) and to which the openings (7, 8, 10, 11) are connected in a communicating manner, with a bottom—partition (13), which is designed as a separate component in relation to the two half shells (4, 5) and which divides the interior space (12) into two ducts (14, 15), which are each connected to an inlet opening (7, 8) and to an outlet opening (10, 11) in a communicating manner. The bottom (13) is made permeable for airborne sound and connects the two ducts (14, 15) to one another in an airborne sound-transmitting manner.

Abstract: A silencer for an exhaust system, more preferably of a motor vehicle, is provided with a silencer insert arranged in a silencer housing. The silencer includes a jacket, with at least one pipe section penetrating a through-opening of the jacket. Through welding of the pipe section to the silencer insert a weld seam formed pressure-tight between pipe section and jacket is relieved of mechanical load.

Abstract: A blade for a stator in a torque converter, including: a first blade segment connected to an inner circumferential section of the stator; at least one second blade segment, separately formed from the first blade segment, and connected to the inner circumferential section; and a third blade segment, separately formed from the first and second blade segments, and connected to the inner circumferential section. In some aspects, the first, second, and third blade segments include respective outer radial portions and the outer radial portions are fixedly connected. In some aspects, the first and second blade segments are in contact and the second and third blade segments are in contact. In some aspects, the first, second, and third blade segments include respective edges and the first and second blade segments are in contact along the respective edges and the second and third blade segments are in contact along the respective edges.

Abstract: An exhaust throttle valve protected from disturbance due to stones scattered during operation of a vehicle. Front side exhaust pipes and rear side exhaust pipes are connected to a catalyst chamber disposed below a crankcase. The catalyst chamber and an exhaust chamber disposed to the rear thereof are connected to each other via a rear exhaust pipe. The diameter of the rear exhaust pipe is smaller than the lateral width of each of the catalyst chamber and the exhaust chamber, so that a recessed space is externally formed so as to recede inside of the vehicle. An exhaust throttle valve is received in the space. The exhaust throttle valve is partially exposed to the outside of the rear exhaust pipe and a throttle valve is received in the rear exhaust pipe to throttle-control the passage-sectional area of the rear exhaust pipe according to the rotation of the engine.

Abstract: One or more systems for silencing and extracting waste heat from exhaust of a combustion system for performing an operation and using the waste heat to perform an additional operation are provided herein. The system can include a heat recovery silencer. An inner housing of the heat recovery silencer can be in fluid communication with a combustion system. A heat recovery flow path of the heat recovery silencer can have an outlet port in fluid communication with an auxiliary device inlet, and the heat recovery flow path can have an inlet in fluid communication with an axially device outlet of the auxiliary device.

Abstract: A tuned acoustic attenuation device includes a housing defining a chamber within with air inlet and outlet channels opening into the chamber. An acoustic chamber or chambers are arranged on an exterior wall of or alternately within the housing and positioned to extend in a substantially lateral parallel relationship to the inlet or outlet channel and are configured as quarter wave tuners. The acoustic chambers may be realized within the housing by adapting housing stiffening support ribs of the housing. The acoustic attenuation characteristics of individual acoustic chambers cooperate to broaden the sound attenuation bandwidth or increase the attenuation at selected noise frequencies.

Abstract: An exhaust system for a two-cycle engine includes an exhaust conduit having both a bypass port and a regulator port for discharging exhaust gases to atmosphere. The bypass port has a fixed size but the regulator port has a variable size that varies over the range of engine speeds. Within a low range of operating speeds, the regulator valve is at least partly closed. Within a mid range of operating speeds, the regulator valve is progressively opened with increases in the operating speed. Within a high range of operating speeds, the regulator valve is progressively closed with further increases in the operating speed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a balance pipe assembly for a vehicle exhaust system including at least a pair of exhaust pipes or pipe shaped portions, and a further pipe or pipe shaped portion extending between the exhaust pipes or pipe shaped portions so as to act as a balance pipe. The assembly further includes at least one of the exhaust pipes or pipe shaped portions including means adapted to reduce the pressure of exhaust gasses passing there through at a position downstream of the balance pipe or pipe shaped portion.

Abstract: A vehicle, such as a motorcycle, includes an engine having first and second cylinder housings arranged in a V-shape such that a space is defined between the first and second cylinder housings. The first cylinder housing includes a first exhaust port and the second cylinder housing includes a second exhaust port. A first exhaust pipe is attached to the first exhaust port and is configured to facilitate passage of exhaust fluid from the first cylinder housing and toward a muffler. A second exhaust pipe is attached to the second exhaust port and is configured to facilitate passage of exhaust fluid from the second cylinder housing and toward the muffler. The second exhaust pipe extends through the space.

Abstract: An exhaust system for a motorcycle engine including a header having an upstream end adjacent a combustion chamber of the engine and having a downstream end opposite the upstream end. The exhaust system includes a catalytic converter positioned downstream of the combustion chamber and configured to improve the emissions quality of exhaust gases discharged from the combustion chamber. The exhaust system further includes a perforated section at least partially defining an exhaust passageway, the perforated section disposed adjacent the downstream end of the header. A resonator chamber is in fluid communication with the perforated section. The resonator chamber is configured to allow expansion of the exhaust gases in the exhaust passageway through the perforated section.

Abstract: An auto-sensing, automatic adjusting exhaust baffle; for reducing noise emissions produced by internal combustion engines, while improving overall engine performance, i.e., torque and horsepower. The design uses a spherical shape to evacuate spent exhaust gas, thus scavenging the surrounding exhaust gases to adjust the backpressure, while reducing the noise exiting the exhaust pipe at lower rpm's. The device uses a sphere with an internal bearing; sliding linearly on a shaft and said sphere and bearing being acted upon by exhaust gasses and a compression spring mounted axially over the diameter of the shaft. The purpose of this device is to reduce noise while improving tuning of the air/fuel intake system, by adjusting backpressure of the exhaust system. The lesser amount of exhaust pressure, the less the sphere moves, as in idle to just off of idle, this results in a quiet operational mode of the invention.

Abstract: An exhaust system for a motorcycle includes a muffler configured for attachment at a location substantially beneath a motorcycle engine. The muffler includes a first input port and a second input port. A first exhaust pipe has a first longitudinal length. The first exhaust pipe is configured for extending between and connecting the first input port and a first exhaust port of a first motorcycle engine cylinder while being substantially entirely disposed forwardly of a motorcycle engine. A second exhaust pipe has a second longitudinal length substantially equal to the first longitudinal length. The second exhaust pipe is configured for extending between and connecting the second input port and a second exhaust port of a second motorcycle engine cylinder. A motorcycle including an exhaust system is also provided.

Abstract: The engine exhaust system may allow scavenging of two-stroke engines using a retro-tube attached to an exhaust port of a two-stroke engine. Intake air may be obtained directly from environmental air at atmospheric pressure allowed by engine cycle operation and an approximately constant diameter retro-tube having a volume approximately equal to a swept volume of the piston movement.

Abstract: To provide an exhaust pipe structure in which the length of the exhaust pipe can be elongated while the total dimension is restricted. Provided is an exhaust pipe structure which includes an upstream-side exhaust pipe connected to exhaust ports of an engine. An exhaust chamber is provided which has an exhaust-gas inlet and an exhaust-gas outlet, and in which the upstream-side exhaust pipe is connected to the exhaust-gas inlet. In addition, the exhaust pipe structure includes a downstream-side exhaust pipe which is connected to the exhaust-gas outlet and which extends in such a direction as to move away from the exhaust ports. In the exhaust pipe structure, the exhaust-gas inlet is formed at a position farther away from the exhaust ports than the exhaust-gas outlet is positioned.

Abstract: A method of improving scavenging operation of a two-stroke internal combustion engine. The exhaust pressure of the engine is analyzed to determine if there is a pulsation frequency. Acoustic modeling is used to design an absorber. An appropriately designed side branch absorber may be attached to the exhaust manifold.

Abstract: The proposed device for controlling vortex structures (5) in a turbulent air jet (3) flowing out of the air exhaust channel, which is constituted by at least one pair of needles (1) connected to an AC voltage source to create a pulsating corona discharge between the needles. One needle is located along and the other across the flow to produce a resonant effect of the pullsating corona discharge on the vortex structures. hi the proposed method for controlling vortex structures in a turbulent air jet, at least one pair of needles connected to an AC voltage source to create a pulsating corona discharge between the needles. One needle is located along and the other across the flow to produce a resonant effect of the pulsating corona discharge on the vortex structures.

Abstract: To provide an exhaust device for a motorcycle for suppressing an exhaust resistance due to the thickness of an exhaust control valve. An exhaust device for a motorcycle is provided for an engine having a plurality of cylinders. A plurality of upstream exhaust pipes are respectively connected to exhaust ports for the cylinders with an exhaust control valve provided in the downstream exhaust pipe. A separator is provided in the exhaust manifold portion for separating the flows of exhaust gas. The exhaust control valve is located on the downstream side of the separator so that a main surface of the exhaust control valve in its fully open condition becomes substantially parallel to a main surface of the separator.

Abstract: An internal combustion (IC) power plant includes an IC engine and exhaust system in combination. The IC engine of the power plant produces considerably greater torque and horse power, reduced emissions, improved volumetric efficiency, compared to an identical IC engine not combined with the inventive exhaust system.

Abstract: A low emissions 2-stroke natural gas fueled engine includes at least one cylinder with an exhaust port in communication with a silencer/catalytic converter unit. The unit has first and second volumes in communication with each other. The first volume dampens spurious exhaust pressure excursions and removes particulates in the exhaust. The second volume houses an oxidation catalyst for treating exhaust to reduce exhaust emissions. The engine oil has at most 10 ppm zinc content to reduce metal poisons contained in the exhaust prior to contact with the oxidation catalyst. The engine oil preferably has a very low ash content to minimize sulfur combustion components in the exhaust to reduce masking of the oxidation catalyst. The first volume preferably has a pressure relief valve set to relieve at a pressure greater than the maximum normal operating pressure of the engine to avoid excessive pressure excursions of the engine exhaust from damaging the oxidation catalyst.

Abstract: An exhaust bypass valve assembly for an internal combustion engine includes an exhaust bypass valve having valve structure coupled to a rotatable shaft such that rotation of the shaft moves the valve structure between opened and closed positions. An actuator is disposed remotely from the bypass valve for selectively causing rotation of the shaft associated with the valve structure in opposing directions. Linkage structure is connected between the actuator and the shaft to transfer motion of actuator to the shaft.

Abstract: A muffler for reducing the sounds of combustion gases exhausted from an internal combustion engine. The muffler including an elongated fluid passage extending between an inlet and an outlet such that the outlet is in fluid communication with the inlet. The inlet of the muffler being connectable with the gases exhausted from the engine and the outlet being connectable with the atmosphere. The passage having a first side region and a second side region circumferentially spaced from the first region with a fluid passage in at least one of the first and second side regions. The muffler further including a side attenuation sound chamber adjacent the at least one of the side regions wherein the chamber is circumferentially spaced from the other of the at least one side region.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine capable of improving cleaning efficiency by preventing an increase in the temperature of the exhaust gas to lessen the deterioration of the catalyst. The internal combustion engine includes a convergent section, a divergent section, and a branch section. The branch section branches a shock wave, propagating in a downstream direction at a higher velocity than exhaust gas flowing into an exhaust path from a combustion chamber when an exhaust valve is opened, from a portion of the exhaust path which is upstream with respect to the divergent section, and propagates the shock wave back to the exhaust path. The exhaust gas is caused to pass the convergent section and to collide against the shock wave between the branch section and the divergent section, so as to increase the pressure of the exhaust gas in the convergent section. Such exhaust gas is caused to pass the divergent section to generate a new shock wave and to decrease the temperature of the exhaust gas.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine capable of efficiently supplying air to an exhaust path even in a high load state. The internal combustion engine includes a convergent section, a divergent section, and a branch section. The branch section branches a shock wave, propagating in a downstream direction at a higher velocity than exhaust gas flowing into an exhaust path from a combustion chamber when an exhaust valve is opened, from a portion of the exhaust path which is upstream with respect to the divergent section, and propagates the shock wave back to the exhaust path. The exhaust gas is caused to pass the convergent section and to collide against the shock wave between the branch section and the divergent section so as to increase the pressure of the exhaust gas in the convergent section. Such exhaust gas is caused to pass the divergent section to generate a new shock wave.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes a structure that increases the velocity of exhaust gas. The internal combustion engine includes a branch section arranged to branch a shock wave propagating at a higher velocity than exhaust gas and to guide the branched shock wave, and a reflecting section provided in the branch section. The reflecting section is arranged to reflect and return the shock wave back to an exhaust path and cause the shock wave to collide against the exhaust gas, thereby increasing the pressure of the exhaust gas. In accompaniment with the exhaust gas passing a divergent section of a convergent-divergent nozzle, a new shock wave propagating in a downstream direction in the exhaust path is generated, and the temperature and pressure of the exhaust gas are decreased.

Abstract: A pulse attenuator for the EGR line of an internal combustion engine in which a main flow path has a pair of branch flow paths extending from the upstream portion of a venturi. The branch flow paths have a precisely determined length so as to reintroduce pulses back to the main flow path in a way that smoothes the flow. The pulses may be reconnected to the main flow path downstream of the point at which they are extracted or at the same point. The length of the branch passages may be different to provide attenuation of pulses at different engine rpms.

Abstract: A method and system for improving the performance of diesel particulate filters. Before entering the filter, the exhaust gas is subjected to sonic waves to agglomerate the particles.

Abstract: A degree of dispersion of a reducing agent added to an exhaust gas flowing into an exhaust gas purification apparatus is controlled. Before addition fuel is added, a valve opening Vd of a flow area changing valve is changed to generate pulsation of the exhaust gas, so that addition valve vicinity exhaust gas pressure Pg varies periodically. Addition timing TMad is controlled to synchronize with extremum arrival timing TMe. High or low dispersion type addition control adds fuel at timing (CP) when the addition valve vicinity exhaust gas pressure Pg becomes a maximum value Pgmax, at timing (TP) when at a minimum value Pgmin, or at both timings (CP, TP).