Abstract: The present invention provides an energy recovery, phase change storage and prime mover system with co-generation and cryogenic compression of the working fluid for distributed electric generation and motor vehicle application.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure can include a system for generating steam. The system can include a direct steam generator configured to generate saturated steam and combustion exhaust constituents. A close coupled heat exchanger can be fluidly coupled to the direct steam generator, the close coupled heat exchanger can be configured to route the saturated or superheated steam and combustion exhaust constituents through an exhaust constituent removal system. The system can include an energy recovery system that reclaims the energy from the exhaust constituents.

Abstract: A method is provided for controlling a multivalent energy supply system including at least two energy generators using at least two different energy carriers to provide heat, cold, and/or electrical energy. For each generator, a closed-loop controller controls variables of the generator. Each generator assumes one of three possible switching states: the generator must be switched on, must be switched off, or may be switched on or off. The system includes a control device for coordinatedly controlling the closed-loop controllers. The control device detects at least one request for heat and/or cold and/or electrical energy and determines whether a specific criterion is present which specifies exactly one of the three possible switching states for each generator. The control device determines target values for meeting the request depending on the request and the specific criterion and outputs the target values to the closed-loop controllers.

Abstract: A double-reheat power generator with an ultra high pressure cylinder and a high-intermediate pressure cylinder each having additional heat recovery turbine stages, including steam exhaust of the ultra high pressure cylinder having additional heat recovery turbine stages, that is, first extraction supplies steam to a first high-pressure heater. New second, new third and new fourth extractions of the ultra high pressure cylinder having additional heat recovery turbine stages supply steam to second, third and fourth high-pressure heaters respectively; a new fifth extraction of the HP-IP cylinder having additional heat recovery turbine stages supplies steam to a deaerator; a new sixth extraction of the HP-IP cylinder having additional heat recovery turbine stages supplies steam to an air-preheater; and an air-preheater drainage pump used for water draining of the air-preheater connects to the deaerator.

Abstract: Disclosed is a thermoelectric generation system that generates electricity using waste heat from a steam condenser that exchanges heat with steam as cyclic water flows through a high temperature portion and a low temperature portion, the thermoelectric generation system including: a first hot-water discharge line used to discharge the cyclic water passing through the high temperature portion; a cyclic water circulation line through which the cyclic water from under water circulates; and a thermoelectric generation unit that generates electricity on the basis of a temperature difference between a temperature of the cyclic water flowing through the first hot-water discharge line and a temperature of the cyclic water flowing through the cyclic water circulation line.

Abstract: An improved heat engine employing a dual-component working fluid and configured to generate internal heat from one component of the working fluid that heats the other component through the physical contact between them such that together with the addition of external heat, the engine advantageously yields enhanced work extraction efficiency through separate, parallel expansion of each of the working fluids.

Abstract: A combined heat and power system is provided with a Rankine cycle passage, a heat medium passage, an evaporator, an expander, a condenser, a pump, a temperature sensor, a sensor, and a controller. The evaporator receives the heat from the heat medium to heat a working fluid. The temperature sensor detects the temperature of the heat medium after radiating heat for heating the working fluid. The sensor detects the pressure of the working fluid flowing between the outlet of the evaporator and the inlet of the expander. The controller adjusts the rotation speed of the pump based on the temperature detected by the temperature sensor, and in addition, adjusts the rotation speed of the expander based on the pressure detected by the sensor.

Abstract: A heating system comprising an air circulation fan, a heating unit, a memory that is operable to store a temperature map, and a microprocessor. The microprocessor is configured to operate the air circulation fan at a first speed and the heating unit in a first configuration. When the heating unit is in the first configuration, the heating unit is configured to achieve a first temperature and such that less than all of the burners are active. The microprocessor is also configured to receive a temperature set point and to determine a second speed for the air circulation fan using the temperature set point and the temperature map in response to receiving the temperature set point. Further, the microprocessor is configured to transition the air circulation fan from the first speed to the second speed in response to determining the second speed.

Abstract: A heating control system including an air circulation fan, a heating unit, a memory, and a microprocessor. The microprocessor is configured to operate the air circulation fan at a first speed and the heating unit in a first configuration where less than all of the burners are active. The microprocessor is further configured to determine a first temperature difference, compare the first temperature difference to a first temperature difference threshold, and transition the air circulation fan from the first speed to a second speed when the first temperature difference is less than the first temperature difference threshold. The microprocessor is further configured to determine a second temperature difference, compare the second temperature difference to a second temperature difference threshold, and transition the air circulation fan from the second speed to a third speed when the second temperature difference is less than the second temperature difference threshold.

Abstract: Apparatus for electric power generation. A system includes a boiler for heating a fluid, the boiler directing a first portion of the heated fluid to a turbine for the generation of electric power and a second portion of the heated fluid to a thermoelectric (TE) generator, and a condenser connected to the turbine that condenses hot fluid emitted from the turbine and feeds the condensed fluid to the TE generator, the TE generator generating electric power from a difference in temperature of the second portion of the heated fluid and the condensed fluid from the turbine.

Abstract: A compressing device of the present invention comprises a compressor, a heat exchanger, an expander, a power recovery unit, a condenser, a pump, a bypass flow passage for bypassing the expander, and a bypass valve. When a bypass condition for allowing a working medium to circulate through the bypass flow passage is satisfied, the bypass valve is caused to be opened, thereby allowing the working medium to circulate between the heat exchanger and the condenser through the bypass flow passage. As a result, a compressed gas discharged from the compressor is cooled by the working medium in the heat exchanger. This configuration makes it possible to cool the compressed gas by the working medium in the heat exchanger regardless of operation conditions of the expander.

Abstract: There is provided a high efficiency ocean thermal difference power generating system by using liquid-vapor ejector and motive pump comprising: an evaporator for changing transferred refrigerant liquid into refrigerant vapor with high temperature and high pressure by the thermal exchange with surface seawater; a vapor-liquid divider which is installed at the outlet part of the evaporator and divides the refrigerants to liquid-state refrigerant and vapor-state refrigerant respectively; a distributor which is installed at the inlet of the evaporator and distributes the refrigerants flowed into the evaporator to multi-paths; a turbine for generating electric power by using the high pressure refrigerant vapor transferred from the liquid-vapor divider or the evaporator; a motive pump for increasing the pressure of the refrigerant liquid distributed from the distributor or the liquid-vapor divider; a liquid-vapor ejector for mixing the low pressure refrigerant vapor which passed the turbine and the high pressure ref

Abstract: A subcritical pressure high-temperature steam power plant includes a combustion boiler system, steam turbine generator system, and condensate and feedwater system and wherein the conditions of steam generated in the boiler system and supplied to the steam turbine generator system are subcritical pressure and high temperature (turbine inlet temperature of 593° C. or more).

Abstract: An energy recovery device includes a plurality of heat exchangers connected in parallel with each other into which a plurality of heat sources flow, an expander for expanding a working medium, a dynamic power recovery unit, a condenser, a pump for sending the working medium which has flown out from the condenser to the plurality of heat exchangers, and a regulator for regulating inflow rates of the working medium flowing into the plurality of heat exchangers. The regulator regulates the inflow rates of the liquid phase working medium flowing into the plurality of respective heat exchangers such that a difference of temperatures or a difference of degrees of superheat of the gas phase working medium which has flown out from the plurality of respective heat exchangers falls within a certain range. Thereby, heat energy can be efficiently recovered from the plurality of heat sources having temperatures different from each other.

Abstract: Systems and methods axe disclosed herein that generally involve a double pinch criterion for optimization of regenerative Rankine cycles. In some embodiments, operating variables such as bleed extraction pressure and bleed flow rate are selected such that a double pinch is obtained in a feedwater heater, thereby improving the efficiency of the Rankine cycle. In particular, a first pinch point is obtained at the onset of condensation of the bleed and a second pinch point is obtained at the exit of the bleed from the feedwater heater. The minimal approach temperature at the first pinch point can be approximately equal to the minimal approach temperature at the second pinch point. Systems that employ regenerative Rankine cycles, methods of operating such systems, and methods of optimizing the operation of such systems are disclosed herein in connection with the double pinch criterion.

Abstract: A heat pump circuit including a compressor that compresses a working fluid from a gas in a low pressure, low temperature first state to a high pressure, a high temperature second state. A first subflow of the working fluid is condensed into a gaseous/liquid mixture and assumes a third state by the working fluid delivering heat to a first medium. The first subflow of the working fluid is expanded and returns to a gas in the first state by absorbing heat from a second medium, whereupon the working fluid completes the cycle again. A second subflow of the compressed working fluid is expanded from the second state and the energy contents in the second subflow converted into electrical energy, whereafter the expanded working fluid is returned to the compressor after passage of the evaporator, or after expansion in the energy converter from the second to the first state.

Abstract: A method and a device for utilizing waste heat of an internal combustion engine, particularly for utilizing the waste heat of a vehicle engine, including at least one heat exchanger to transfer the waste heat from an internal combustion engine to a working medium; at least one turbine connected to a generator for generating mechanical or electrical energy, wherein said turbine is driven by said working medium; at least one cooler for cooling the working medium; at least one compressor for compressing the working medium; and at least one working medium circuit with pipes for the working medium, wherein the working medium, preferably carbon dioxide, propane, methanol or ethanol or a mixture of these fluids, is at least partially in a supercritical state.

Abstract: An engine including a WHR system includes a clutch positioned to engage or disengage a WHR feedpump that moves working fluid through a WHR circuit. The clutch engages or disengages the feedpump under certain operating conditions of the engine and/or the WHR system, and/or at the request of an operator of the engine. Conditions may include cool or cold components, and insufficient working fluid. The operator may also request the clutch be disengaged, such as might be advantageous if the operator detects an operational problem with the WHR system or determines there is an advantage to operating the engine without the WHR system.

Abstract: To start a combined cycle thermal plant for energy-production from an off-state to an operational state, once the minimum warm-up time of the steam turbine (ST) having been set, as well as the pressure of the warm-up steam, it is necessary to determine the steam optimum temperature to avoid stressing or straining the mechanical parts of the turbine itself.

Abstract: Apparatus for electric power generation. A system includes a boiler for heating a fluid, the boiler directing a first portion of the heated fluid to a turbine for the generation of electric power and a second portion of the heated fluid to a thermoelectric (TE) generator, and a condenser connected to the turbine that condenses hot fluid emitted from the turbine and feeds the condensed fluid to the TE generator, the TE generator generating electric power from a difference in temperature of the second portion of the heated fluid and the condensed fluid from the turbine.

Abstract: A method, and associated apparatus, for generating power from medium temperature heat sources in the range of 200° to 700° C. with improved efficiency compared to systems operating on a Rankine cycle in which the working fluid is condensed at the same temperature. Water is heated in a boiler (11) with heat from the heat source A, (22) which may be a stream of exhaust gases (22), in order to generate wet steam having a dryness fraction in the range of 0.10 to 0.90 (10% to 90% dry). The wet steam is expanded to generate power in a positive displacement steam expander (21) such as a twin screw expander. The expanded steam is condensed at a temperature in the range of 70° C. to 120° C., and the condensed steam is returned to the boiler. The expanded steam may be condensed in the boiler of an Organic Rankine Cycle (22) to provide additional power, or by heat exchange with a heater of a heating system to provide a Combined Heat and cycle, thereby further improving the cycle efficiency.

Abstract: The present application provides a steam cycle system. The steam cycle system may include a source of steam, a steam turbine, a condenser, a steam turbine bypass system such that steam from the source of steam may bypass the steam turbine and be routed to the condenser, and one or more thermoelectric generators positioned about the steam turbine bypass system. The one or more thermoelectric generators may generate a direct current based upon temperature differences between steam and water of the steam cycle system.

Abstract: A method for retrofitting a fossil-fueled power station is provided. The power station includes a multi-housing stream turbine with a carbon dioxide separation device. As per the method, a suction capability of the steam turbine is adapted for an operation of the carbon dioxide separation device to a process steam to be removed. The carbon dioxide separation device is connected via a process steam line to an intermediate superheating line. Further, an auxiliary condenser is connected to the carbon dioxide separation device. On failure or deliberate switching off of the carbon dioxide separation device surplus process steam is condensed in the auxiliary condenser.

Abstract: The invention refers to a method for operating a steam turbine power plant, and also a device for generating steam for the purpose of power generation. The method for operating a steam turbine power plant comprises at least one steam generator which is fired with a solid, granular fuel, for example with brown coal, wherein the fuel is first subject to an indirect drying in a fluidized bed drier and the fluidized bed drier is at least partially heated with steam from the water-steam cycle of the steam generator. The method is characterized in that temperature controlling in the drier is carried out in two stages in dependence upon the moisture content of the fuel, wherein first of all the temperature of the fluidized bed drier is controlled via the steam pressure of the heating steam and downstream of this controlling, a controlling of the superheating temperature of the heating steam is carried out in dependence upon the steam pressure.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating a power plant, wherein in partial load operation the increase of temperature results at the outlet of the high-pressure turbine section as a consequence of a throttling by means of the intermediate pressure valve.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus and a method for reheating turbine steam, comprising a reheater and a condensate collecting tank, into which condensate is guided from the reheater. A subcooler is provided upstream of the reheater in a common housing with the reheater. The subcooler is arranged beneath the reheater and the condensate collecting tank is connected with the subcooler in order to supply condensate from the condensate collecting tank as heating medium.

Abstract: A control method for boiler outlet temperatures includes predictive control of SH and RH desuperheater systems. The control method also includes control and optimization of steam generation conditions, for a boiler system, such as burner tilt and intensity, flue-gas recirculation, boiler fouling, and other conditions for the boiler. The control method assures a proportional-valve control action in the desuperheater system, that affects the boiler system.

Abstract: A waste heat steam generator for a gas and steam turbine power plant is provided. The generator has economizer, evaporator and superheater heating surfaces which form a flow path and through which a flow medium flows. An overflow line branches off from the flow path and leads to injection valves arranged downstream at a flow side of a superheater heating surface in the flow path. The overflow line permits a brief power increase of a downstream steam turbine without resulting in an excessive loss in efficiency of the steam process. The brief power increase is permitted independently of the type of waste heat steam generator. The branch location of the overflow line is arranged upstream of an evaporator heating surface at the flow medium side and downstream of an economizer heating surface.

Abstract: A thermal power plant is proposed for achieving high reliability, low material cost, and low construction cost by devising the arrangement and structures of a boiler, steam turbines, and a flue gas treatment apparatus to reduce a usage amount of high-temperature resistance material and further to reduce a thermal elongation of piping. In a thermal power plant including a 2 pass-type boiler having a furnace for burning fuel, a rear heat recovery area for recovering heat from combustion gas exhausted from the furnace, steam turbines are arranged near the rear heat recovery area.

Abstract: In various embodiments, phase change and heat exchange methods between heat collection, heat transfer, heat exchange, heat storage, and heat utility systems are described. In certain embodiments, the heat transfer fluids/heat exchange fluids, heat storage media, and working media in the system are all phase change materials with transition temperatures close to each other and in decreasing order and perform their respective function through phase changes within a relatively narrow temperature range. Methods to control heat transfer rate, heat exchange and/or heat charging/discharging rate between heat collection, thermal energy storage and heat utility apparatus at will are provided. Methods of controlling such systems are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for increasing the efficiency of electric power generation in pressurized water nuclear power plants, comprising steps of superheating a main steam and reheating the reheated steam by means of an auxiliary circuit, where the streams for the superheating and the reheating work in parallel.

Abstract: A system is disclosed that incorporates a regenerative Rankine cycle integrated with a conventional combined cycle. An added duct firing array, typically located after the combustion turbine exhaust and before the conventionally designed Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG), is used to boost enthalpy of said exhaust. An added heating element downstream of the firing array provides sufficient heating for sensible heating, evaporation and superheating of feedwater that has been previously heated by feedwater heaters as part of a regenerative Rankine cycle. In practice, the condensate stream from the condenser is bifurcated such that a dedicated feedwater flow is directed to feedwater heaters. After further heating in the added heating element, the superheated steam, at the same pressure and temperature as the main steam, is now mixed with the main steam prior to turbine entry. The condensate is directed to the HRSG to be heated in conventional fashion.

Abstract: A steam power plant is provided. The steam power plant includes a bypass pipeline which connects the fresh steam line flow to the exhaust steam line, wherein a bypass steam cooler is disposed in the bypass pipeline. In the event of an emergency stop, or a startup, or a shutdown, the bypass steam cooler cools the steam flowing into the bypass pipeline, whereby cheaper materials may be used for the bypass pipeline.

Abstract: A method of improving heat utilization in a thermodynamic cycle, the method comprising heating a working stream in a at least one distillation assembly to produce a rich stream and a lean stream; wherein the distillation assembly comprises a bottom reboiler section, a middle distillation section and a top condenser section; superheating the rich stream in at least one superheater to produce a gaseous working stream; expanding the gaseous working stream in at least one means for expansion to obtain energy in usable form and at least one spent stream; mixing the spent stream and the lean stream to produce a mixed stream; condensing the mixed stream in an absorber-condenser assembly using cooling water to obtain a condensed stream; exchanging heat between the condensed stream and the rich stream to partially condense the rich stream before step b); whereby the condensed stream on heat exchange gives a liquid working stream; exchanging heat between the liquid working stream and the lean stream in at least one hea

Abstract: Systems and methods for controlling exhaust steam temperatures from a finishing superheater are provided. In certain embodiments, the system includes a controller which includes control logic for predicting an exhaust temperature of steam from the finishing superheater using model-based predictive techniques (e.g., based on empirical data or thermodynamic calculations). Based on the predicted exhaust temperature of steam, the control logic may use feed-forward control techniques to control the operation of an inter-stage attemperation system upstream of the finishing superheater. The control logic may determine if attemperation is required based on whether the predicted exhaust temperature of steam from the finishing superheater exceeds a set point temperature as well as whether the inlet temperature of steam into the finishing superheater drops below a set point temperature of steam.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for generating energy by means of thermal cycles with high pressure and moderate temperature steam, which allows improving the energy and operational efficiency of the conversion of heat energy into mechanical or electrical energy by means of thermal cycles in which the temperature of the steam is limited to moderate values in its generation, comprising the following steps: a) generating steam at a pressure above 65 bar and a moderate temperature below 400° C., b) expanding said steam in a steam turbine, steam of an intermediate pressure, comprised between 10-40 bar, with a moderate moisture, below 15%, being obtained c) drying said steam by means of a moisture separator and reheating said steam, d) expanding said steam in the turbine, and e) heating boiler water used to generate the steam by means of a plurality of steam extractions from the turbine, in order to exchange heat with said boiler water.

Abstract: The disclosure provides an M-type pulverized coal boiler suitable for ultrahigh steam temperature. The pulverized coal boiler comprises a hearth of which the bottom is provided with a slag hole and a tail downward flue of which the lower part is provided with a flue gas outlet. The pulverized coal boiler further comprises a middle flue communicated between the hearth and the tail downward flue, wherein the middle flue comprises an upward flue and a hearth outlet downward flue of which the bottoms are mutually communicated and the upper ends are respectively communicated with the upper end of the hearth and the upper end of the tail downward flue to form a U-shaped circulation channel.

Abstract: An expander-generator is disclosed having an expansion device and a generator disposed within a hermetically-sealed housing. The expansion device may be overhung and supported on or otherwise rotate a hollow expansion rotor having a thrust balance seal being arranged at least partially within a chamber defined in the expansion rotor. Partially-expanded working fluid is extracted from an intermediate expansion stage and a first portion of the extracted working fluid is used cool the generator and accompanying radial bearings. A second portion of the extracted working fluid may be introduced into the chamber defined within the expander rotor via a conduit defined in the thrust balance seal chamber. The second portion of extracted working fluid minimizes unequal axial thrust loads on the expander rotor due to the overhung arrangement.

Abstract: Provided are high-pressure, medium-pressure, and low-pressure turbines; a boiler to generate steam for driving the turbines; a carbon dioxide recovery unit including an absorber that reduces carbon dioxide in combustion flue gas from the boiler by a carbon dioxide absorbent and a regenerator that regenerates an absorbent; a first auxiliary turbine that extracts steam from an inlet of the low-pressure turbine and recovers power by the steam thus extracted; a first steam delivery line to supply discharged steam from the first auxiliary turbine to a reboiler of the regenerator as a heat source; and a controller that controls driving of the first auxiliary turbine while keeping pressure of the discharged steam to be supplied to the reboiler within a tolerance range for the reboiler's optimum pressure corresponding to a fluctuation in an operation load of the boiler.

Abstract: Systems and methods for recovering energy from waste heat are provided. The system includes a waste heat exchanger coupled to a source of waste heat to heat a first flow of a working fluid. The system also includes a first expansion device that receives the first flow from the waste heat exchanger and expands it to rotate a shaft. The system further includes a first recuperator coupled to the first expansion device and to receive the first flow therefrom and to transfer heat from the first flow to a second flow of the working fluid. The system also includes a second expansion device that receives the second flow from the first recuperator, and a second recuperator fluidly coupled to the second expansion device to receive the second flow therefrom and transfer heat from the second flow to a combined flow of the first and second flows.

Abstract: A steam circuit is defined in a multi-section single shaft turbine. A hot reheat steam is input to a section of the multi-section turbine. A first flow path flows the hot reheat steam from an upstream side through the section of the multi-section turbine to a downstream side to create work. A second flow path directs a portion of the flow back toward the upstream side in the section of the multi-section turbine between an outer shell and an inner shell of the turbine. The effective shell cooling provides for increased main and reheat steam temperatures to improve performance. The system reduces the extraction steam flow required to meet the design final feedwater temperatures and allows more steam to expand through the low pressure section.

Abstract: Implementations described herein provide a high efficiency steam cycle that includes a steam turbine cycle coupled to output of a high performance steam piston topping (HPSPT) cycle. The HPSPT cycle includes a piston-cylinder assembly that extracts work from an expanding fluid volume and operates in a thermal regime outside of thermal operational limits of a steam turbine. The steam turbine cycle utilizes heat, transferred at the output of the HPSPT cycle, to generate turbine work.

Abstract: A steam turbine plant of one embodiment includes a boiler configured to change water into steam, a high pressure turbine including a turbine or turbines connected to each other in series, and having a first inlet to supply the steam from the boiler, an extraction port located at a downstream of the first inlet, a second inlet to supply the steam extracted from the extraction port and located at a downstream of the extraction port, and an exhaust port located at a downstream of the second inlet, the high pressure turbine being configured to be driven by the steam supplied from the first and second inlets, an extraction steam heater configured to heat the steam extracted from the extraction port and to supply the heated steam to the second inlet, a reheater configured to heat the steam exhausted from the exhaust port, and a reheat turbine configured to be driven by the steam from the reheater.

Abstract: A steam turbine plant of one embodiment includes a solar energy collector configured to collect solar heat, a boiler configured to change water into steam by the solar heat, a high pressure turbine including a turbine or turbines connected to each other in series, and configured to be driven by the steam from the boiler, first to N-th reheaters, where N is an integer of two or more, and first to N-th reheat turbines, wherein the first reheater is configured to heat the steam exhausted from the high pressure turbine by the solar heat, and the first reheat turbine is configured to be driven by the steam from the first reheater, and the second to N-th reheaters are configured to heat the steam exhausted from the first to (N?1)-th reheat turbines by the solar heat, respectively, and the second to N-th reheat turbines are configured to be driven by the steam from the second to the N-th reheaters, respectively.

Abstract: A method for regulating a steam bypass valve is provided. The bypass valve is arranged in a steam line and the steam line includes a device for spraying water. The equation, t Rest , 0 = FB max m . W , SOLL - m . W , IST is used to determine when to close the steam bypass valve. The steam bypass value is closed when tRest,0 is smaller than a value ?t. An actual volume of water {dot over (m)}W,IST, a desired volume of water {dot over (m)}W,SOLL and a maximum water-volume deficiency FBmax are used in the equation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating a steam turbine power plant comprising at least one steam generator that is fueled by lignite, wherein the lignite is indirectly dried in a fluidized bed dryer that is heated at least partially with steam from the water-steam circuit of the steam generator. Said method is characterized in that the flue gas from the steam generator undergoes gas scrubbing to remove CO2 and that the energy required for the gas scrubbing is at least partially extracted from the drying process in the fluidized bed. The invention additionally relates to a device for creating steam from lignite comprising a drying system for the lignite and a device to scrub CO2 from the flue gas, wherein the drying process and the CO2 gas scrubbing are thermally coupled to each other.

Abstract: The present invention is directed at the thermodynamic property amplification of a given thermal supply, provided by hydrocarbon combustion or in the preferred application heat provided by low-grade geothermal energy from the earth, for a vapor power cycle. The present invention achieves the desired objectives by segregating the compressible supercritical energy stream from the heat exchanger (boiler) into hot and cool fractions using a vortex tube, where the hot temperature is elevated above the heat exchanger temperature; and adding back heat (enthalpy) to the cool stream increasing the cool temperature to that of the geothermal heat exchanger.

Abstract: A hybrid power plant is described in which a pressurized water nuclear reactor or a biomass-fueled power plant, which have a relatively low operating temperature, such as, is combined with a coal or other fossil fuel power plant having a higher operating temperature. Steam from the first plant is superheated in the second power plant to provide a hybrid plant with improved efficiencies and lower emissions.

Abstract: Methods and systems for implementing a thermodynamic cycle using heat source streams having initial temperatures between about 200° F. and about 500° F. and coolant stream having relatively high temperatures greater than or equal to about 80° F., where the methods and systems have overall energy extraction efficiencies that are at least 40% higher than a corresponding Rankine cycle.

Abstract: An arrangement including at least one steam turbine and one condenser is provided. Further, a method to operate such an arrangement is provided. A regenerative deheater is arranged in the steam flow between the steam turbine and the condenser, by which the steam, superheated exhaust steam, exiting the steam turbine is cooled down before entering the condenser and by which a feed-water stream is heated up.