Abstract: A powertrain system configured to transfer torque to a driveline is described, and includes an internal combustion engine, a torque converter, a transmission, an electric machine, and a controller. The engine is configured to operate in one of an all-cylinder mode and a dynamic deactivation mode to generate an engine torque. The electric machine is configured to generate a motor torque. The motor torque and the engine torque combine to generate an output torque that is transferable to the driveline and is responsive to an output torque request. The controller is in communication with the engine, the torque converter, the transmission, and the electric machine. The controller includes an instruction set that is executable to operate the engine in the dynamic deactivation mode to generate engine torque, and operate the electric machine to generate motor torque to supplement the engine torque to generate the output torque.

Abstract: A system and method of combining pumped hydro and thermal energy storage is disclosed that has upper and lower fluid storage reservoirs. The reservoirs are used as a pumped energy storage system in which excess electrical power is stored as gravitational potential energy by using it to transfer fluid up to the upper one. At a later time, the fluid is run back down through a turbine under the force of gravity to generate electricity. Either, or both, fluid storage regions are also used to store thermal energy transferred into the stored fluid via liquid-to-liquid heat exchangers. The stored thermal energy is later extracted out to be distributed in for use in either directly heating structures or to improve the heating efficiency of one or more heat pumps in a district heating system. The fluid may be water, or it may be any suitable high-density fluid such as drilling mud.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the utilization of wave energy and its conversion into operating motion of an electrical energy generating system. The system for generation of electrical energy through the conversion of aquatic wave motion includes floating bodies and a constant rotation mechanism, which converts the two-way linear motion of an inflexible transmission shaft or a flexible transmission shafts into one-way rotation of an output shaft of the constant rotation mechanism. This mechanism allows utilization of wave energy in two directions caused by the rise and fall of waves. The output shaft of the constant rotation mechanism is coupled to a force multiplier that is further coupled to a generator which generates electrical energy. Constant rotation mechanism can be driven by inflexible transmission shaft pivotally coupled to the floating bodies at one end, and the other end to an input gear of the constant rotation mechanism.

Abstract: The invention is an improvement for the infinitely variable transmission (IVT) that utilizes oscillating torque to vary the mechanical power transmitted to a load. The invention provides the torque amplitude control system that is a compact device that adjusts the torque amplitude by controlling the phase angle between the forward and aft drive units for the IVT. The IVT is transmission which transfers the engine torque and power to the driveshaft, differential and wheels of an automobile. The torque is generated from centrifugal forces of masses in the forward and aft drive unites of the input assembly.

Abstract: A system includes a first fluid inlet and a single reverse osmosis membrane module having a permeate outlet and a first inlet/outlet channel and a second fluid inlet/outlet channel in fluid communication with the first fluid inlet. An energy transfer system has a second fluid inlet, a brine outlet, a first energy exchanging module and a second energy exchanging module. The first and second energy exchanging modules are adapted to reversibly operate in opposite flow phases where a flow direction for the expulsion flow phase in each energy exchanging module is constant and where a flow direction for the energy recover flow phase in each energy exchanging module is constant. The single reverse osmosis membrane module is adapted to reversibly receive a feed flow through one of the first and second fluid inlet/outlet channels and produce a brine outflow through the other of the first and second inlet/outlet channels.

Abstract: A machine, method of making, and method of using, along with necessary intermediates, illustratively, by way of a method, there can be a method of generating electrical power, the method including: inputting air, including adjusting flow rate of the air; inputting fuel, including throttling flow rate of the fuel, wherein: the fuel flow rate and the air flow rate are in stoichiometric proportions for combustion, and the fuel is comprised of at least one hydrocarbon, alcohol, or both; combusting a mixture of the fuel and a portion of the air with the remainder of the air to produce heat, wherein: prior to the combusting: combining the portion of the air with the fuel to produce the mixture that, when heated, stoichiometrically forms syngas; heating the mixture with the heat from the combusting; heating the remainder of the air with the heat from the combusting; and during the combusting, matching the remainder of the air with at least one of flow rate, pressure drop, and flow velocity of the mixture; generating

Abstract: A drive force control system for hybrid vehicles configured to reduce a change in a drive force simultaneous execution of a starting operation of an engine and a shifting operation of a transmission. The drive force control is applied to a hybrid vehicle comprising: an engine connected to front wheels; a first motor connected to rear wheels; and a transmission that changes a speed ratio between the first motor and the rear wheels. A controller restricts execution of any one of an engine staring operation and a shifting operation of the transmission during execution of other one of the engine staring operation and shifting operation of the transmission.

Abstract: A method of determining an operation of at least one of a plurality of generators in a power generation system. The method includes identifying a system parameter that is related to operation of the power generation system; and determining which of the plurality of generators to operate to minimize fuel consumption of the power generation system based on the system parameter. Other methods include identifying a system parameter that is related to operation of the power generation system; and determining which of the plurality of generators to operate by optimizing an operating variable of the power generation system based on the system parameter.

Abstract: A data center cooling system configured to cool one or more components of a data center thereby enabling a data center to be maintained at a higher overall temperature while still providing sufficient cooling to the components housed in the data center is disclosed. By maintaining the data center at a higher overall temperature, significant operational costs are realized due to savings in power costs. The data center cooling system may include one or more turbo-expanders having a rotary turbine positioned within a turbo-expander housing in which compressed air expands and drives the rotary turbine. The cooled expanded air is heated passing through a thermal transfer system that pulls heat from the data center component. The air is further heated passing through a brake system that generates heat by applying resistance to a shaft coupled to the rotary turbine. The heated air is exhausted outside of the data center.

Abstract: A solar thermal power generation system includes a solar heat collection system that generates superheated steam by solar heat, a main power generation system that performs power generation by part of the superheated steam generated by the solar heat collection system, a solar heat storage/release system that stores heat in a heat storage medium or releases the heat stored in the heat storage medium, and a secondary power generation system that performs power generation by saturated steam generated by the heat storage or the heat release in the solar heat storage/release system.

Abstract: A utility vehicle includes a plurality of ground-engaging members, a frame supported by the ground-engaging members, a powertrain assembly supported by the frame which includes an engine, an alternator coupled to the engine through a housing, and a heating, ventilation, and air condition (“HVAC”) assembly including a compressor operably coupled to the engine. The compressor is supported on a first side of the housing plate and the alternator is supported on a second side of the housing.

Abstract: In an example, the present invention provides a solar tracker apparatus. In an example, the apparatus comprises a center of mass with an adjustable hanger assembly configured with a clam shell clamp assembly on the adjustable hanger assembly and a cylindrical torque tube comprising a plurality of torque tubes configured together in a continuous length from a first end to a second end such that the center of mass is aligned with a center of rotation of the cylindrical torque tubes to reduce a load of a drive motor operably coupled to the cylindrical torque tube. Further details of the present example, among others, can be found throughout the present specification and more particularly below.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a total emissions amount from a facility includes an emissions module structured to interpret data indicative of an emissions amount from a test cell system in the facility; an emissions threshold module structured to aggregate the emissions amount from each test cell system in the facility to determine a total emissions amount for the facility and compare the total emissions amount to a predetermined threshold for the facility; and an aftertreatment system control module structured to selectively control a component in an aftertreatment system associated with each test cell system responsive to the comparison of the total emissions amount to the predetermined threshold.

Abstract: A utility vehicle includes a plurality of ground-engaging members, a frame supported by the ground-engaging members, a powertrain assembly supported by the frame which includes an engine, an alternator coupled to the engine through a housing, and a heating, ventilation, and air condition (“HVAC”) assembly including a compressor operably coupled to the engine. The compressor is supported on a first side of the housing plate and the alternator is supported on a second side of the housing.

Abstract: The invention concerns a transmission mounted in a housing between a turbine and a generator on top of a tower of a wind turbine, comprising a gearbox and in the gearbox a main gear mounted on a main gear shaft and a pinion that engages a set of gear teeth of the main gear. The pinion is mounted on a pinion shaft and the pinion shaft is coupled to a hydraulic pump mounted on the gearbox, a hydraulic motor drives the generator. In accordance with the invention the main gear shaft and the rotor shaft together form a common shaft and a main gear shaft bearing is mounted between the common shaft and the gearbox and at least two tension bars prevent the rotation of the gearbox and leave the gearbox free to move in linear directions.

Abstract: In an example, the present invention provides a solar tracker apparatus. In an example, the apparatus comprises a center of mass with an adjustable hanger assembly configured with a clam shell clamp assembly on the adjustable hanger assembly and a cylindrical torque tube comprising a plurality of torque tubes configured together in a continuous length from a first end to a second end such that the center of mass is aligned with a center of rotation of the cylindrical torque tubes to reduce a load of a drive motor operably coupled to the cylindrical torque tube. Further details of the present example, among others, can be found throughout the present specification and more particularly below.

Abstract: Systems and methods for estimating a base load in a combined cycle power plant with a steam turbine clutch are provided. According to one embodiment of the disclosure, a system may include a controller and a processor communicatively coupled to the controller. The processor may be configured to receive operating parameters associated with a combined cycle power plant. The combined cycle power plant may comprise a gas turbine permanently coupled to a generator and a steam turbine selectively coupled to the generator via a clutch. The processor may be further configured to receive an engagement status associated with the clutch and receive first data and second data. Based on the engagement status, the processor may select the first data or the second data and use that to estimate a base load. The base load estimation may be calibrated based on the operating parameters.

Abstract: A system for controlling an electric power supply to devices is provided. The system includes a plurality of power supply sources, devices operated by an electric power, and a control part that determines the power supply source to be used for supplying the electric power to the devices. Further, the control part controls the amount of electric power to be supplied to the devices by the determined power supply source.

Abstract: In exemplary embodiments, a regenerative suspension system replaces or complements a standard shock absorber on a vehicle. A pump attaches via a hose to a central accumulator cylinder that is mounted on a vehicle. Pressurized fluid, air, or other material charges the accumulator. The Pressurized fluid, air, or other material is controllably released via a valve in order to perform work.

Abstract: A solar energy collector includes a generally tubular housing or multiple tubular housings each having an open end for receipt of solar rays which are then reflected from a generally conical mirror within the housing onto solar cells lining the inside surface of the housing. Various mechanisms are utilized to favorably orient the housing or otherwise direct the solar rays and to maximize the incidence of reflected solar rays onto solar cells.

Abstract: A stop control system for an internal combustion engine, which is capable of ensuring the comfort of vehicle occupants in a vehicle compartment and improving the fuel economy of the engine along with automatic stoppage of the engine during both a cooling operation and a heating operation of an air conditioner. When the engine is automatically stopped, the stop control system sets a target blowout temperature which is a target value of the temperature of air blown out from the air conditioner into a vehicle compartment, and acquires a fan voltage indicative of the air volume blown by a fan of the air conditioner. Further, the stop control system calculates stop allowable time based on the target blowout temperature and the fan voltage, and restarts the engine when engine stoppage time period (stoppage time period-counting timer value) has reached the stop allowable time.

Abstract: A method is provided for determining at least one operating parameter of a thermoelectric system in a vehicle, wherein the thermoelectric system comprises an energy conversion device having at least one photovoltaic element for converting thermal radiation, which is emitted by a heat source of the vehicle, into electrical energy. The method includes measuring an electrical power of the photovoltaic device, and determining an operating parameter of the thermoelectric system based on the measured electrical power of the photovoltaic device.

Abstract: A multi-source passive energy power generation system that includes use of solar radiation to drive an air compressor and compressed air is then delivered to a power wheel positioned within a fluid tank. The air pressure is delivered to air chambers mounted upon tubular spokes of the power wheel and buoyancy force is used to drive rotation of the power wheel within the fluid tank. In some embodiments weights are added to translate along the tubular spokes under the guidance of cam surfaces to a rotational force to the power wheel from the force of gravity.

Abstract: A building with an integrated wind-powered electricity generation system includes a plurality of floors, wherein each of the plurality of floors includes usable space. The building further includes a vacuum space between adjacent ones of the plurality of floors and a plurality of vertical axis wind turbines, wherein each of the plurality of vertical axis wind turbines is positioned adjacent the open vacuum space. The building further includes at least one electricity generator operably coupled to the plurality of vertical axis wind turbines. At least one of the vertical axis wind turbines includes a plurality of louvers extending around a portion of the outer circumference of the vertical axis wind turbine.

Abstract: Manageable hybrid plant using photovoltaic and solar thermal technology and associated operating method, wherein said hybrid plant comprises three levels of generation: Level 1 (1) of photovoltaic generation (42) covering the self consumption of the plant; Level 2 (2) of generation of the solar thermal plant (44) and another part of photovoltaic generation (45) that covers the consumption of the auxiliary services of the solar thermal plant (43); Level 3 (3) of generation of another area of photovoltaic production (46) that improves the total production curve, the total power generated by the hybrid plant and discharged into the network (47), being the result of the sum of generation of the three levels. The photovoltaic modules of the invention are located in: in the north or south side of the tower not occupied by the cavity; the area surrounding the solar receivers of the tower; on covers or roofs of the plant at the rear of the heliostats; on land annexed to the tower plant.

Abstract: A ship includes: a high-pressure injection engine using fuel gas as fuel to obtain a propulsion power of the ship; a generator engine using fuel gas as fuel to generate electricity; a motor generating a power by using the electricity generated from the generator engine; a propulsion propelling the ship; a main clutch connecting the high-pressure injection engine to the propulsion; an auxiliary clutch connecting the gear box to the propulsion; and a gear box disposed in a front side of the propulsion and power-connected to the main clutch and the auxiliary clutch. The high-pressure injection engine and the motor are selectively power-connected to the propulsion to obtain the propulsion power of the ship.

Abstract: Provided is a consumer to industrial scale renewable energy based quintuple-generation systems and energy storage facility. The present invention has both mobile and stationary embodiments. The present invention includes energy recovery, energy production, energy processing, pyrolysis, byproduct process utilization systems, separation process systems and handling and storage systems, as well as an open architecture for integration and development of additional processes, systems and applications. The system of the present invention primarily uses adaptive metrics, biometrics and thermal imaging sensory analysis (including additional input sensors for analysis) for monitoring and control with the utilization of an integrated artificial intelligence and automation control system, thus providing a balanced, environmentally-friendly ecosystem.

Abstract: An inverted funnel-shaped columnar tower (115) includes a window region (120), a heat absorbing surface (130), an air entrance (116) and exit (117). Solar energy passes through the window region and heats the heat absorbing surface. A plurality of fans (145), each connected to a generator (150), are suspended within the tower and extract energy from convectively rising air, generating electricity. A fan (160) outside the tower intercepts wind and turns an internal fan (145?) that aids the convective flow, providing a self-starting feature. A plurality of rotors (100) with wings (705) are connected in groups to generators (725) and all are arranged adjacent the tower. The rotors intercept wind energy and deliver it to the generators for conversion to electricity. The rotors include a flap (800) that predetermines the direction of rotation of the rotor, providing a second self-starting feature. The convection and wind capture functions operate independently.

Abstract: Method for modifying a solar thermal power plant operating on conventional oil based technology into a hybrid solar thermal power plant, wherein the method comprises: providing an oil based solar thermal power plant comprising a solar collection system with at least one radiation absorber tube containing a heat transfer oil to be heated by means of the solar collection system, providing an molten salts solar thermal power plant, wherein the molten salts solar thermal power plant comprises a solar collection system to heat a molten salts mixture coupling of the respective plants such that the hybrid solar thermal power plant is configured to heat medium temperature steam that is generated by the oil based solar power plant by means of the molten salts mixture thereby producing high temperature steam and subsequently supplying it to a steam turbine to generate electricity.

Abstract: Apparatus for generating energy in which an oscillating air column created by wave motion continuously drives a turbine in one direction.

Abstract: A generator includes a main cavity and a shaft located in the main cavity. The shaft is configured to be connected to an auxiliary power unit (APU) and rotated by the APU. The generator is configured to generate power based on the rotation of the shaft. A fluid system is configured to receive a fluid from the APU, flow the fluid through the main cavity and return the fluid to the APU through a fluid scavenge channel. A filter is configured to filter the fluid from the main cavity to the fluid scavenge channel and a sensor is configured to detect a characteristic of the fluid at the filter.

Abstract: Provided is a gas turbine system capable of dealing with a request for output increase even when high-pressure hot water generated using solar thermal energy cannot be used according to the operating state of the gas turbine system. A gas turbine system which sucks in intake air from an air intake duct by a compressor and drives a gas turbine by combustion gas obtained by burning air and fuel by a combustor, said gas turbine system being provided with pipes for generating high-pressure hot water by providing a solar collecting tube that utilizes solar heat and spraying the high-pressure hot water into the intake air sucked in by the compressor, and pipes for spraying normal temperature water into the intake air sucked in by the compressor.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method and a system for operating a wind power plant (1) connected to a power grid (2), the wind power plant comprising a number of wind turbine generators.

Abstract: This invention provides for a production and research facility, which can be known as Ciudad Sinergia, for solving three problems confronting the United States: the need for safe, clean sources of electrical power; the need for adequate supplies of fresh water in arid regions; and the need to dispose of combustible waste in a responsible manner. A synergistic solution to these problems is provided, without the use of nuclear fission, coal or oil. Electrical power is produced by a variety of methods concurrently, including steam turbine-generators, wind turbines, solar cells and collectors, biomass, geothermal and other sources. Burnable trash is provided by cities. Fresh water is produced from desalination plants on the coasts powered by the facility and piped to a man-made lake located at the facility and into the Colorado River. Ciudad Sinergia provides for an emergency source of electrical power and fresh water to California in the event of a major earthquake.

Abstract: A machine for generating power by harnessing highly viscous fluids with invention is a hydro-electric motor with piston like reciprocating motion, two 250 gallon tanks one on bottom and one on top hold all fluids, viscous fluids are circulated throughout the motor invention via a water pump, there is no fluid loss, bearing and chain suspended top open square containers eight in all, fill from the top tank successively, and descend via gravitational forces and empty their contents to lower tank, top open square containers function like automobile pistons going up and down moving metal chain belts and two 6 inch free wheels , and free wheels turn two elastic belts that power two generators.

Abstract: An electrical power generation system comprising a tower, a nacelle supported by the tower, a wind turbine system supported on the nacelle, a fuel cell system, a battery system, a hybrid solar/fuel cell system; and a fuel line extending through at least a portion of the tower and to the fuel cell system.

Abstract: A method of imposing a variable load upon the internal combustion engine as it is typically used in the performance of degassing operations includes coupling a crankshaft of the internal combustion engine to a secondary internal combustion engine.

Abstract: Thus, a method for operating a wind turbine, a wind farm or the like and a power-to-gas unit connected electrically thereto is provided. The wind turbine or the wind farm generates electric power if there is sufficient wind and feeds this power into an electrical grid connected to the wind turbine or to the wind farm. Each wind turbine is operated with a predetermined power curve. Electric power is generated by the wind turbine or the wind farm once a first wind speed (starting wind) has been reached. The wind turbine or the wind farm is in a partial-load operating mode as long as the wind speed is between the first wind speed (starting wind) and a second wind speed (nominal wind). The wind turbine or the wind farm is in a nominal power range when the wind speed is in a range which is greater than the second wind speed (nominal wind speed).

Abstract: An energy generating apparatus including water molecule separating device, water molecule recombining device, and water molecule recycling device, which generates various energy outputs by various means. The water separating device can be a type of machine of several designs which operates chemically and produces H2 and O2 from the water molecule. It is attached to a water recombining device of several designs which operates chemically and produces several forms of energy when recombining H2 and O2 into the water molecule. There is also a recycling device which is used to return the water molecule and its atoms to the beginning of the cycle which may or may not be used depending upon application.

Abstract: Hybrid internal detonation-gas turbine engines incorporating detonation or pulse engine technology (such as an internal detonation engine), and methods of manufacturing and using the same are disclosed. The internal detonation engine includes a detonation chamber having a fuel igniter therein, a stator at one end of the detonation chamber having at least a first opening to receive fuel, a rotor adjacent to the stator, and an energy transfer mechanism configured to convert energy from igniting or detonating the fuel to mechanical energy. The detonation chamber and fuel igniter are configured to ignite or detonate a fuel in the detonation chamber. Either the stator or the detonation chamber has a second opening to exhaust detonation gas(es). The rotor has one or more third openings therein configured to overlap with at least the first opening as the rotor rotates.

Abstract: Power plant systems and methods are presented. The power plant includes a steam turbine configured to release exhaust steam. The power plant further includes an electro-hydrodynamic system operatively coupled to the steam turbine. The electro-hydrodynamic system is configured to receive the exhaust steam from the steam turbine and generate auxiliary electric power using the exhaust steam.

Abstract: An apparatus is described including a hybrid power train having an internal combustion engine and an electric motor. The apparatus includes a hybrid power system battery pack that is electrically coupled to the electric motor. The apparatus includes an energy securing device that is thermally coupled to the hybrid power system battery pack. The energy securing device selectively removes thermal energy from the hybrid power system battery pack, and secure removed thermal energy. The energy securing device secures the removed thermal energy by storing the energy in a non-thermal for, or by using the energy to accommodate a present energy requirement.

Abstract: The Geothermal Wind System is a hybrid power production system using geothermal transfer of heat between native rock and an air mass circulating between two or more portals of substantially different vertical elevations by use of the stack effect and the buoyancy of heated air or gravity pulling cooled air to turn one or more wind turbines which drive one or more generators. This wind speed can be improved by use of a venturi valve in close proximity to the turbine(s). A novel example of an aerodynamic, adjustable radial venturi is also herein incorporated. Two modes of the GWS are herein described, one used at shallow depths having geothermal temperatures approximating the average exterior climate, and the second used with geothermal temperatures found at greater depths at substantially higher than outside temperatures. The GWS is a non-polluting, non-carbon burning, non-water-dependent power production system easily implemented in third world countries.

Abstract: An apparatus (100) for processing waste material is provided which comprises a heat proof chamber (102), a hot gas inlet (106, 112) for heating the interior of the heat proof chamber (102), and a rotatable drum (118) for containing waste to be processed. The drum (118) has gaps (120) therein, is located within the heat proof chamber (102), and separated therefrom around its edge by a gap. The apparatus (100) is also provided with a drive (126, 128) for rotating the drum (118) at a speed such that, in use, waste material that is heat softened is centrifugally separated from the remainder of the waste and passes through the gaps (120) in the drum (118).

Abstract: A binary power generation system includes: a first pressure reducing steam-liquid separator which reduces the pressure of geothermal heat source water to separate the geothermal heat source water into water steam and hot liquid water; a steam turbine which is driven by geothermal water steam; a medium turbine which is driven by medium vapor obtained by evaporating a medium liquid with the geothermal heat source water as a heat source; a condenser/evaporator which is configured to transfer the heat of the water steam discharged from the steam turbine to the medium liquid so that the water steam is condensed and the medium liquid is evaporated; and a gas cooler which leads a working medium discharged from the medium turbine to thereby cool condensed water obtained by the condenser/evaporator and separate and discharge noncondensable gas contained in the condensed water.

Abstract: An aircraft (1) having at least one rotor (2) driven by a main gearbox (3), at least one fuel-burning engine (4), an on-board electricity network (7), and at least one electrical machine (10) corresponding to the engine (4) and capable of operating both in electric motor mode and also in electricity generator mode, each electrical machine (10) being mechanically connected to said main gearbox (3) by first connection means (20) and being electrically connected to said on-board electricity network (7). Second mechanical connection means (40) connect each electrical machine (10) mechanically to a gas generator (5) of an engine.

Abstract: An engine for propelling vehicles on land, in the air and on the water. The engine is able to extract energy from a same fuel twice, including extracting a first amount of energy with a gas turbine and a second amount of energy by burning the fuel in a combustion engine.

Abstract: An aircraft power plant is disclosed having a plurality of bladed rotors in flow communication driven by separate work producing devices. The work producing devices can take a variety of forms including an internal combustion engine and electric motor, for example. The bladed rotors can be associated with an aircraft pylon and can be driven independently to separate operating conditions to provide optimum performance. For example, the bladed rotors can be driven to separate operating conditions that improve a noise signature or performance of the aircraft.

Abstract: Provided herein are geothermal power generating systems utilizing supercritical carbon dioxide as a working fluid and superheating the extracted the emitted carbon dioxide utilizing external combustion of the hydrocarbons concurrently extracted with the emitted carbon dioxide to increase enthalpy and thermodynamic cycle efficiency. Methods for producing power are also provided.

Abstract: The Maphbe Turbine is a system of nozzles, rotors, and energy storage devices used to generate consistent power from intermittent energy sources specifically wind. It uses sails, cables, and poles as a way to form large nozzles and rotors for power generation, these systems can be paired with other renewable sources for co-generation, and can be used for powering pumped storage hydro stations, excess energy can be stored in multi-layer carbon nanotube capacitors. Another application for the invention is offshore floating wind farms to make giant collapsible nozzles and turbines paired with solar, and or wave energy devices.