Abstract: A premature neonate closed life support system (NCLSS) including: at least one chamber confining a cradle-like neonate support (CLNS) having suitable dimensions and geometric-configuration for accommodating at least one premature neonate having at least two operational configurations, said operational configurations comprising: a first operational OPEN configuration whereby said CLNS is adapted to couple said neonate to at least one life supporting system by means of at least one life supporting coupling line, prior to positioning said CLNS in a medical device; and a second operational air-tight CLOSED configuration whereby said neonate remains continuously coupled to said at least one life supporting system by means of at least one life supporting coupling line, when positioning said CLNS within said medical device. The OPEN and CLOSED configurations are reversible.

Abstract: A thermotherapy device with a reclining surface and with an inflatable hood for covering the reclining surface. The inflatable hood (1) is provided with a plurality of inflatable, tubular support elements (3) with plastic films (2) arranged between them, which tenter one or more surfaces between the support elements (3) in the inflated state.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for performing warming therapy is described. In one exemplary embodiment, the apparatus includes a patient support platform, a patient chamber, a heating source, and a rigid connection member for connecting hoses to the patient chamber. The rigid connection member provide an interface between hoses disposed inside the patient chamber, and hoses disposed outside. The connection member preferably includes one or more interconnection nozzles, removably attached thereto, for connecting the internal hoses to the external hoses. Each of the interconnection nozzles preferably includes an interior connection surface exposed to an interior of the patient chamber, and an external connection surface exposed to an external of the patient chamber.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for performing warming therapy is described. In one exemplary embodiment, the apparatus includes a patient support platform, a patient chamber, a heating source, and a rigid connection member for connecting hoses to the patient chamber. The rigid connection member provide an interface between hoses disposed inside the patient chamber, and hoses disposed outside. The connection member preferably includes one or more interconnection nozzles, removably attached thereto, for connecting the internal hoses to the external hoses. Each of the interconnection nozzles preferably includes an interior connection surface exposed to an interior of the patient chamber, and an external connection surface exposed to an external of the patient chamber.

Abstract: A process is provided for operating a thermotherapy device with a bed surface (10) and with discharge channels for conditioned air in the longitudinal direction of the bed surface (10) and on the foot side (3) thereof as well as with an exhaust unit (11) above the bed surface (10). The air being discharged from the discharge channels is directed towards the exhaust unit (11) such that the discharge angle ? changes continuously as a function of the distance between the exhaust unit (11) and the site of the discharge flow from the discharge channels, the elevation angle ? changes continuously as a function of the distance between the exhaust unit (11) and the site of the discharge flow from the discharge channels, and the value of the velocity of the discharge flow changes continuously as a function of the site of the discharge flow from the discharge channels.

Abstract: A thermotherapy device, in particular for babies, has a lying surface limited by longitudinal sides, a head side and a foot side. The thermotherapy device ensures a simple and safe access of a new-born without producing a detrimental psychological effect on parents. For this purpose, an upwardly oriented feeding device for supplying a hot and humid air is advantageously embodied in three parts, namely, a lateral feed pipe in each longitudinal part and/or a feed pipe in each foot side, a suction device for sucking supplied air is arranged above the lying surface, the suction device is arranged above the head side, in particular above the head area of the lying surface in such a way that the supplied air is sucked only above said head side and/or the head area.

Abstract: An infant warmer (10) includes a heater canopy (18) comprising a. heater (30) configured to generally uniformly distribute radiant energy over a fixed region. The heater canopy (18) may also include a lamp (32) configured to selectively generate light. The heater canopy (18) may also include a stencil (34) positioned relative to the lamp (32) such that at least a portion of the light passes through the stencil (34) to generate a projected image (56). The projected image (56) is configured to highlight the fixed region.

Abstract: A portable hyperbaric chamber system includes a soft-sided, foldable hyperbaric chamber and a substantially rigid, removable, external support structure. The chamber generally includes a wall of a substantially non-breathable, soft-sided, and foldable material and an accessway sealable with a non-breathable closure so as to maintain a hyperbaric pressure within the chamber. The chamber also includes at least one fastener, such as a bolt or threaded stud, extending from the wall that permits the chamber to be removably attached to the support structure, thereby to maintain the chamber in an uncollapsed state when the chamber interior is not maintained at a hyperbaric pressure. The support structure includes structures complementary to the fasteners (e.g., apertures to pass bolts and locking knobs to secure bolts).

Abstract: An apparatus and method for performing warming therapy is described. In one exemplary embodiment, the apparatus includes a base (12) for supporting a medical patient and a humidifier module (26) removably coupled to the base (12). The humidifier module (26) may include a main reservoir (50) and an evaporator reservoir (52) separated by a channel (70). Both the main and evaporator reservoirs (50, 52) may be protected by a cover (58), which may be made removable. The design of the humidifier module (26) is such that the component parts thereof may be easily removed, so that the reservoir body (48) including the main reservoir (50) and the evaporator reservoir (52) may be easily cleaned, such as through use of an autoclave.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for performing warming therapy is described. In one exemplary embodiment, the apparatus includes a patient support assembly (30) and a resuscitation assembly. The resuscitation assembly may include a resuscitation control system (100) with a resuscitation control circuit (110), a light device (150), and a sound device (170), such that the light device (150) may be activated by the resuscitation control circuit (110) to provide a visual indication of inspiration and expiration periods of a resuscitation procedure.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for performing warming therapy is described. In one exemplary embodiment, the apparatus includes a patient support assembly and an air circulation system coupled to the patient support assembly, which includes first and second air flow channels which are separate from one another. The first and second air flow channels may be separately activated, depending upon the air flow required. Additionally, the elements of the air circulation system are easily disassembled, so as to allow easy cleaning of the system which, in turn, maintains a sterile patient environment.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for performing warming therapy is described. In one exemplary embodiment, the apparatus includes a patient support assembly and a pump assembly coupled to the patient support assembly, for providing heated air to a patient. The pump assembly may include one or more heating elements coupled to the sidewalk thereof for providing heating of air flowing through the pump assembly.

Abstract: An infant warmer apparatus includes a base, a crib and a frame. The frame includes a support plate assembly comprising a plate member defining a pivot aperture and a notch. The heater assembly includes a canopy, and a mounting shaft. The mounting shaft defines a first terminal end secured to the canopy and a second terminal end passing through the pivot aperture of the plate member. The mounting shaft includes a biasing pin configured to settle within the notch of the plate member when the heater assembly is in a neutral position relative to the frame. The mounting shaft is rotatable within the pivot aperture such that the heater assembly can be pivoted in either a clockwise or counter-clockwise direction from the neutral position. A controller is configured to turn off the heater assembly when the heater assembly is pivoted out of the neutral position.

Abstract: An infant care apparatus with multiple user interfaces is disclosed herewith. The apparatus comprises: a base; a frame member extending upwardly from said base; an infant platform extending outwardly from said frame member positioned above the base and having lateral side walls and a bottom support. The apparatus further comprises a heating arm extending outwardly from said frame member, positioned above the infant platform and at least one drive mechanism connected to the frame member and to the infant platform. The drive mechanism is provided with at least one user interface extending to the lateral side walls of the infant platform for moving the infant platform.

Abstract: An infant warmer system include a heater canopy comprising a solar panel configured to convert solar energy into electricity, and a heater operatively connected to the solar panel. The heater is powered by the electricity from the solar panel and/or electricity from a steam generator, and is configured to provide radiant energy in the infrared spectrum to impinge upon and thereby warm an infant. The heater canopy also includes a controller operatively connected to the heater. The controller is configured to regulate the temperature of the heater such that the infant may be maintained within a selectable temperature range. The heater canopy also includes an attachment member configured to secure the heater canopy to a wall during operation.

Abstract: A transferring and holding device and method for holding infants having lifelines, such as IV tubes, monitor wire leads, and ventilator tubes, connected thereto. In one embodiment, the device includes a support surface adapted to hold an infant; a boundary attached to and bolstering the support surface; and at least one securing mechanism adapted to secure the lifelines and to impede the lifelines from being disconnected from the infant. The support surface preferably has openings to enable skin-to-skin contact between the infant and a person holding the infant, and at least a portion of the support surface can be a nonabsorbent, open-weave webbed material. The boundary may include a foam member, and/or a flexible plastic or metal member to provide structural support.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for performing warming therapy is described, In one exemplary embodiment, the apparatus includes a patient support assembly and a hood adapted to cover a portion of the patient support assembly, where the hood is comprised of at least one side wall which includes at least one thermoelectric element. The thermoelectric element may be controlled by a current source to effect heating and cooling of a patient disposed on the patient support assembly.

Abstract: Climate control unit with an interior section containing a storage space and with a closable access opening to the storage section whereby at least one part of the interior section is separated and sealed against the rest of the interior section thus forming a separate germ-proof section. The division takes place at least in part by a membrane that is permeable for water vapor and gas but impermeable for microorganisms.

Abstract: A transferring and holding device and method for holding infants having lifelines, such as IV tubes, monitor wire leads, and ventilator tubes, connected thereto. In one embodiment, the device includes a support surface adapted to hold an infant; a boundary attached to and bolstering the support surface; and at least one securing mechanism adapted to secure the lifelines and to impede the lifelines from being disconnected from the infant. The support surface preferably has openings to enable skin-to-skin contact between the infant and a person holding the infant, and at least a portion of the support surface can be a nonabsorbent, open-weave webbed material. The boundary may include a foam member, and/or a flexible plastic or metal member to provide structural support.

Abstract: In an infant care apparatus according to this invention, heat rays are radiated from a heat radiation opening of a heater to a bed. The direction of the heat radiation opening can be changed from the first state in which the heat radiation opening substantially faces the bed to the second state in which the heat radiation opening does not substantially face the bed. According to the infant care apparatus of this invention, when the heater is not used, there is no possibility that the remaining heat of the heater is transferred to the infant laying on the bed. There is therefore no possibility that the infant will be unnecessarily overheated. There is no need to operate the heater and the like of the infant care apparatus in such a manner that the infant lying on the bed and surrounding people have feelings that rough operation is performed. This will keep the infant and the surrounding people free from adverse effects in terms of mental health.

Abstract: Provided is a modular infant care system having a warming therapy device and a peripheral device. The warming therapy device includes a plurality of wheels and a patient support surface having an adjustable height. The peripheral device has at least one wheel and is adapted for releasably engaging the warming therapy device proximate the patient support surface. When the warming therapy device and the peripheral device are engaged to each other, the infant care system is movable as a combined unit. Also provided is a method for transporting a patient using the apparatus.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for providing patient access in a warming therapy device (e.g., incubator, warmer, etc.) is described. In one exemplary embodiment, the apparatus includes a mattress tray assembly having at least two axes of rotation, and in another exemplary embodiment, the apparatus includes a mattress tray assembly having at least four axes of rotation.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for providing patient access in a warming therapy device (e.g., incubator, warmer, etc.) is described. In one exemplary embodiment, the apparatus comprises a hood with a retractable top member, which permits access to a patient disposed within the warming therapy device without lowering or removal of one or more sidewalls of the hood.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for providing patient access in a warming therapy device (e.g. j incubator, warmer, etc.) is described. In one exemplary embodiment, the apparatus includes a patient support assembly and a hood with one or more facets which permit easy viewing of an infant patient disposed on the patient support assembly.

Abstract: An incubator transporter interface assembly for releasably securing an incubator to a transporter is provided. The interface assembly includes equipment mounts that pivot together between an engaging position and a disengaging position so as to engage and disengage, respectively, the incubator to and from a secured state with the interface assembly.

Abstract: An inflatable isolating cabin is provided for a patient to be isolated, and especially for a patient to be moved or transported, and the cabin can be formed after being inflated and collapsed into a solid form convenient for storage. It comprises a very tough and soft base, a flexible outer hood, an inflatable supporting structure, and a filtering means. Wherein a part of the periphery of the outer hood is fixedly connected with the base, and the other part is detachably connected with the base; the inflatable supporting structure is provided with at least one inflation inlet hole and after the inflation of the supporting structure, the outer hood is unfolded away from the base to form the cabin to allow a patient to lie therein.

Abstract: A device for an incubator (1) comprising a platform (6), a ventilation aggregate (12) and a cover (8), wherein the cover (8) comprises a chamber (30) communicating with the ventilation aggregate (12) via at least a first duct (14), and with a patient bed rest (10) of the incubator (1) via flow apertures (32).

Abstract: A modular neonatal intensive care system including an infant incubator, bassinet and frame is provided. The infant incubator of the present disclosure is configured for reducing the overall cost and/or minimizing the amount of power that the neonatal care system or infant incubator draws. A number of the features also make the design more appropriate for the conditions in developing countries. The neonatal care system is also integrated with a hospital bassinet which is made up of a bassinet bed and a frame. The frame for the bassinet acts as both a structural support system and a means for transportation when the neonatal care incubator is attached at the top of the frame.

Abstract: In an incubator according to the present invention, a single incubator can be used in any state of four types of devices and thus obviates the need for having many types of devices. A canopy is lowered and raised. In addition to that, a left and right treatment door and a foot end treatment door can be located at their highest positions, lowest positions, and intermediate positions. Also, an infrared heater can be lowered and raised independently of the canopy. This makes it possible to switch the incubator among: a state of an open type incubator; a state of a closed type incubator in which the infrared heater is at its highest position such that the infrared heater can heat the canopy and others; a state of a closed type incubator in which the infrared heater is at its lowest position and this incubator is easily conveyable; and a state of a resuscitation treatment device.

Abstract: An infant monitoring system includes an incubation chamber configured to house an infant. Furthermore, the infant monitoring system includes a data reception interface configured to receive a wireless signal indicative of a vital sign. The infant monitoring system may be configured to communicate wirelessly with a LAN or a remote monitoring system.

Abstract: In an infant care apparatus according to this invention, the inner surface of an upper reflecting plate portion of a reflector forms a reflecting surface extending substantially parallel to the axial direction of a rod-like heat generator. A first angle at which a rear end of the reflecting surface as an end portion on a side opposite to the center of an infant mat, when seen from the top, of a direction perpendicular to the axial direction is bent downward with respect to a center in a back-and-forth direction of the reflecting surface, which is developed substantially flat, is larger than a second angle at which a front end of the reflecting surface as an end opposite to the rear end is bent downward with respect to the center of the reflecting surface.

Abstract: An incubator according to the present invention will be able to prevent accidents to the incubator itself or other devices, a doctor, a nurse or others causing external force even if the external force is applied to a canopy of a newborn chamber. An optical detector in a control mechanism detects application of external force to the canopy of the newborn chamber, and a signal output section in the control mechanism outputs a signal that renders a driving mechanism for lowering and raising the canopy non-operational when the application of external force is detected. Accordingly, even if external force is applied to the canopy by bump, contact, putting some object or others, the driving mechanism will not continue or start to lower or raise the canopy while the external force is applied to the canopy because the driving mechanism will be rendered non-operational.

Abstract: An infant care apparatus having a door latching mechanism that provides a positive latching of a door to the hood of the apparatus. The mechanism has a door latching assembly that is affixed to the door and which is latched to a floating catch housing that is affixed to the hood in a manner that the floating catch housing is vertically movable with respect to the hood. When the door is moved into its closed, latched position, the door latching assembly vertically aligns the floating catch housing so that a movable latch member is correctly oriented with respect to latch openings in the floating catch housing so that the movable catch member can enter the latch openings sufficiently to assure a positive, secure latch therebetween.

Abstract: In this invention, a grommet structure in an incubator includes a grommet attaching portion provided to the enclosure of the incubator and a grommet member attached to the grommet attaching portion. The grommet member includes a longitudinal member holding incision to hold a longitudinal member such as an oxygen supply tube that extends through it. The longitudinal member holding incision forms at least one substantially S-shaped shape (in other words, a substantially sine-curved shape) and/or a substantially waving shape. This invention can provide the grommet structure in the incubator, in which the longitudinal member such as an oxygen supply tube held by the longitudinal incision of the grommet member and extending through the incision is less likely to move accidentally in the longitudinal direction of the incision or in the longitudinal direction of the longitudinal member.

Abstract: A patient carestation for providing care to a patient including at least one environmental sensor sensing information concerning the environment surrounding the patient and providing electronic signals indicative of that environment. There are also physiological sensors sensing information relating to physiological conditions of the patient other than skin temperature and providing electronic signals indicative of physiological conditions of the patient. There may also be therapeutic sensors providing data based on therapy administered by peripheral apparatus and an input receiving patient information. A signal processor receives the signals from the physiological sensors, the environmental sensor, the therapeutic sensor and the patient information input and combines those signals into an integrated combination of signals for use by the caregiver. The integrated combination of signals can be used in a smart alarm or to generally appraise the caregiver at a central location as to the status of the patient.

Abstract: An infant support for use with an incubator or a warmer or a combination thereof comprises a support surface having a head end and a foot end and a driver engageable with the head and foot ends. The driver comprises a first elevator and a second elevator. The first elevator is engageable with the head end and the second elevator is engageable with the foot end. The driver is movable to cause the head and foot ends to move between raised and lowered positions.

Abstract: A hyperbaric capsule has a base forming a seat that can be enclosed by an elongate oval canopy having a large transparent window formed therein. The bottom of the front of the canopy is pivotally attached to the front of the base by a hinge assembly and can be locked in the closed position on the base by a plurality of latches that are conjointly operated by an external lever and an internal lever. The weight of the canopy upon opening is borne by a pair of side gas or spring struts.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for performing warming therapy is described. In one exemplary embodiment, the apparatus includes a patient support platform, a patient chamber, a heating source, and a rigid connection member for connecting hoses to the patient chamber. The rigid connection member provide an interface between hoses disposed inside the patient chamber, and hoses disposed outside. The connection member preferably includes one or more interconnection nozzles, removably attached thereto, for connecting the internal hoses to the external hoses. Each of the interconnection nozzles preferably includes an interior connection surface exposed to an interior of the patient chamber, and an external connection surface exposed to an external of the patient chamber.

Abstract: An infant is illuminated with heater radiant energy so as to warm the infant. A detector remotely senses infant radiated energy so as to determine the extent of infant warmth, and a controller responsive to the detector regulates the heater radiant energy accordingly. Skin-reflected heater radiant energy is limited at least during measurements of infant radiated energy.

Abstract: A thermotherapy device is operated as an incubator or as an open care unit. The care unit has a bed for receiving newborns, which can be closed with a hood (3). At least one heat radiation source (4) is provided. The hood (3) is located between the bed and the heat radiation source (4) when the thermotherapy device is closed and the hood is at least partially transparent to the radiation originating from the heat radiation source (4). The device allows only a small temperature drop during the transfer from the open mode of operation into the closed mode of operation and vice versa.

Abstract: An incubator comprising a support and, mounted on the support, a patient-receiving unit provided with a cover, the cover being provided with means such as access openings for treating a patient, and wherein the patient-receiving unit is coupled with a heating element and/or a humidifying element via a conduit or conduits for heated and/or humidified air, which are equipped with a pump, wherein the pump, the heating element and/or the humidifying element are located in a foot of the support, and the conduit or conduits for heated and/or humidified air run between the foot and the patient-receiving unit, and in that the support is located substantially to one side of the patient-receiving unit, so as to leave a free legroom below the patient-receiving unit.

Abstract: A thermotherapy device with a reclining surface and with an inflatable hood for covering the reclining surface. The inflatable hood (1) is provided with a plurality of inflatable, tubular support elements (3) with plastic films (2) arranged between them, which tenter one or more surfaces between the support elements (3) in the inflated state.

Abstract: An infant care apparatus for supporting an infant upon an infant platform having a humidification control system. The user can initial select a manual mode where the humidity is inputted through a user input to control the humidity within an infant compartment. The system has an automatic mode where the user can then input humidity levels and a successive time periods to establish a protocol for controlling the humidity within the infant compartment over the time period the infant is being treated within the infant care apparatus. Each successive time period inputted by the user has a different humidity level associated herewith. As a further feature, there is an evaluation system to monitor whether the infant has been overstressed by any of the automatic reductions in the levels of humidity.

Abstract: A thermotherapy device, in particular for babies, has a lying surface limited by longitudinal sides, a head side and a foot side. The thermotherapy device ensures a simple and safe access of a new-born without producing a detrimental psychological effect on parents. For this purpose, an upwardly oriented feeding device for supplying a hot and humid air is advantageously embodied in three parts, namely, a lateral feed pipe in each longitudinal part and/or a feed pipe in each foot side, a suction device for sucking supplied air is arranged above the lying surface, the suction device is arranged above the head side, in particular above the head area of the lying surface in such a way that the supplied air is sucked only above said head side and/or the head area.

Abstract: To stabilize the air flow forming an air curtain, a thermotherapy device (1) is provided with air outlet ducts (3) extending at the edge of the reclining surface (2) and with two opposite limiting walls (6, 6?). Each of the two opposite limiting walls (6, 6?) is arranged corresponding to the duct width for outflowing air. At least one limiting wall (6, 6?) of at least one air outlet duct (3) is provided with a cylinder (5, 5?) extending in the direction of flow of the air outlet duct (3) and in parallel to the reclining surface (2) at the discharge-side end, wherein the cylinder (5, 5?) has a diameter corresponding to 0.005 to 0.2 times the duct width of the air outlet duct (3). According to a variant, at least one limiting wall (6, 6?) of at least one air outlet duct (3) is provided with at least one inner wall (81, 82, 83, 84) forming a nozzle at the discharge-side end. The distance between the limiting wall (6, 6?) and the inner wall (81, 82, 83, 84) forming a nozzle with the limiting wall (6, 6?) is 0.

Abstract: A non-intrusive physiological data measurement system and method, as well as an optically induced treatment system, are described. The measurement system includes a monitoring mechanism that includes light emitter modules capable of emitting light at at least two wavelengths. The light emitted from the light emitter modules is transmitted through a subject and to a light receiving mechanism, such as an optical sensor. Physiological data is taken from the received light. The system also can ascertain movement of the subject by obtaining an initial outline of the subject and comparing that outline with a subsequently obtained outline. A therapeutic optic system includes a non-adhering light emitting mechanism for providing light at therapeutic wavelengths.

Abstract: An infant warming apparatus for supporting an infant upon an infant bed. The apparatus has a sensor affixed to the skin of the infant to detect one or more physiological functions of the infant. A transmitter module is located within the sensor enclosure that includes an analog to digital converter and a transmitter to transmit digital information indicative of the physiological functions to a receiver located on the infant care apparatus and which can convert the digital signals into analog signals recognizable or usable by a monitor. An alternative embodiment includes the transmitter module located proximate to the infant within an infant scale located beneath the infant. The sensor is hardwired to the transmitter in the infant scale and signals relating to weight and/or a condition of the infant are transmitted by wireless telemetry to a monitor or other display device to display that information to the caregiver.

Abstract: An incubator or a thermotherapy device is provided with a reclining surface (1) and with one or more limiting walls (5, 6) above the reclining surface (1) and with openings or removed long-side side walls (2, 3) and with a foot side opening or removed foot-side side wall. Discharge channels (7, 8, 9) are provided for air on both sides along the reclining surface (1) and on one front or foot side of the reclining surface (1), containing guide elements of a guide device (11). The guide elements can be set at angles ? in the direction of the discharge channels (7, 8, 9). Spoilers of a deflecting device (13) can be set at deflection angles ? in relation to the reclining surface (1), on both sides along the reclining surface (1) and on the front side of the reclining surface (1). An exhaust unit (10) for air is located opposite the front side and is positioned under the upper limiting wall.

Abstract: An infant warming apparatus for supporting an infant upon an infant bed. The apparatus has a sensor that is affixed to the skin of the infant to detect one or more physiological functions of the infant. A transmitter is located within the enclosure of the sensor and which transmit the information detected by the physiological sensor to a receiver that is located on the infant care apparatus and which can then convert that information into a recognizable or usable medium. An alternative embodiment includes the transmitter located proximate to the infant within an infant scale located beneath the infant. The sensor is hardwired to the transmitter in the infant scale and signals relating to weight and/or a condition of the infant are transmitted by wireless telemetry to a monitor or other display device to display that information to the caregiver.

Abstract: An infant support device (10) is provided and includes a support platform (26), an infant enclosure (34) coupled to the support platform (26) and defining an infant compartment for receiving an infant (78), and a line-management apparatus configured to separate and arrange medical lines (54) routed between the outside of the infant compartment and the inside of the infant compartment. One embodiment of the line-management apparatus includes a panel (46) extending upwardly relative to the support platform (26), a plurality of vertically spaced line supports (58) coupled to the panel (46) and configured to support the medical lines (54) resting thereon, and a plurality of line holders (60) coupled to the panel (46) and configured to inhibit movement of the medical lines (54) off of the line supports (58).