Abstract: This disclosure relates a device for a chromatographic system, comprising: a chamber defining an internal portion, a capillary disposed within the chamber, the capillary having an input, an output, and an elongate body extending between the input and the output, a cold finger having a first portion in thermal contact with a portion of the elongate body to define a capillary trapping zone, wherein the first portion of the cold finger extends to a second portion that is situated external to the chamber, a heater in thermal contact with the trapping zone of the capillary and configured to transfer heat to the trapping zone, a thermal buffer configured to buffer the heat from the heater into the cold finger and thereby retain the heat within the trapping zone of the capillary, a cooling device arranged external to the chamber and thermally connected to the second portion of the cold finger to define a primary conduction zone, wherein the cooling device is configured to generate a cooling temperature zone at the p

Abstract: A light emitting diode (LED) filament light bulb is disclosed. The LED filament light bulb includes a plurality of LED filaments, an RF driver, an antenna, and a cover. The antenna defines a first end portion and a second end portion, where the first end portion of the antenna is electrically connected and in signal communication with the RF driver. The cover defines an external wall and a support structure. The external wall defines an interior volume and the support structure defines an evacuation passageway and a cavity. The evacuation passageway and the antenna are both received within the cavity of the support structure and the evacuation passageway is fluidly connected to the interior volume of the cover.

Abstract: A refrigerator includes a thermoelectric element module, and a defrosting temperature sensor, and a controller configured to control operation of the thermoelectric element module. The thermoelectric element module includes a thermoelectric element including a heat absorption portion and a heat dissipation portion, a first heat sink in contact with the heat absorption portion, a first fan facing the first heat sink, a second heat sink in contact with the heat dissipation portion, and a second fan facing the second heat sink. The controller is configured to initiate a natural defrosting operation for removing frost on the thermoelectric element module at every preset period, and terminate the natural defrosting operation based on a temperature measured by the defrosting temperature sensor corresponding to a reference temperature. The controller is configured to control operation of the thermoelectric element and rotation of the first and second fans in the natural defrosting operation.

Abstract: A heating and cooling device is disclosed comprising at least one integral low voltage heating and cooling source and an efficient flexible heat distribution means having a thermal conductivity of from 375 to 4000 W/mK for distributing the heat and cool across a surface. Further aspects include thermal interface compounds to provide full thermal contact as well as the use of a phase change material to provide a long lasting heating and/or cooling effect without the use of external electrical input. Preferred applications include automotive and furniture seating heating and cooling, along with outdoor garments having distributed heating and cooling effects.

Abstract: An integrated thermal management system includes a cooling circuit having a component thermal conditioning circuit, a battery thermal conditioning circuit, a cabin heating circuit, a cabin cooling circuit and a valve group configured for selectively interconnecting or isolating the component thermal conditioning circuit, the battery thermal conditioning circuit, the cabin heating circuit and the cabin cooling circuit.

Abstract: A container includes a vial, cap, and one or more wireless transponders secured to the cap, the vial or a jacket to store and identify samples of biological material at cryogenic temperatures (e.g., vitrified biological samples), for instance held by cryopreservation storage devices. A specimen holder may be extend from the cap. The vial and/or cap includes ports or vents. A carrier includes a box, thermal shunt, thermal insulation to store and identify arrays of containers that hold cryopreservation storage devices with samples of biological material at cryogenic temperatures. Various apparatus include wireless transponders positioned and oriented to enhance range, and allow interrogation while retained in a carrier. Various apparatus can maintain the biological material at or close to cryogenic temperatures for prolonged period of times after being removed from a cryogenic cooler, and can allow wireless inventorying while maintaining the biological samples at suitably cold temperatures.

Abstract: A fan with an integrated cooler is disclosed. Unlike conventional air-conditioners, the device is compact and lightweight, and can be used both indoors and outdoors without the need to enclose or otherwise control the user environment from thermal considerations.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are provided for cooling of beverages containers, such as cans or bottles, quickly, or on demand. An apparatus may provide for quickly cooling a number of beverage containers when power is available and for storing them, once they have been cooled. The apparatus may include a thermoelectric cooler configured to rapidly cool a beverage container in a cooling cell. The methods may include detecting the presence of a beverage container in a cooling cell and cooling the beverage container to a selected temperature. The availability of external power may be detected and a rapid cooling of a beverage container may begin when power becomes available.

Abstract: Provided is a charging device having a thermoelectric device, including at least one battery unit. The at least one battery unit includes a battery and a thermoelectric module, wherein the battery is mounted on a first surface of the thermoelectric module and the battery contacts the first surface. When the thermoelectric module is provided with a supplying voltage through two voltage input terminals, a temperature difference is generated between a second surface of the thermoelectric module and the first surface, so that the thermoelectric module either heats up or cools down the battery depending on different battery temperatures and conditions, thus ensuring the charging efficiency and safety.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein include an abatement system for abating compounds produced in semiconductor processes. The abatement system includes an exhaust cooling apparatus located downstream of a plasma source. The exhaust cooling apparatus includes a plate and a cooling plate disposed downstream of the plate. During operation, materials collected on the plate react with cleaning radicals to form a gas. The temperature of the plate is higher than the temperature of the cooling plate in order to improve the reaction rate of the reaction of the cleaning radicals and the materials on the plate.

Abstract: A plurality of lower voltage metal oxide semiconductor sensors are integrated and distributed in various parts of a power MOSFET to provide over temperature protection. The sensors are sensitive to temperatures of the various parts of the power MOSFET and configured to regulate the power MOSFET when a trip temperature is reached by reducing the operation of the MOSFET. A bias network is configured to set the trip temperature. In some configurations, a threshold voltage is used to monitor and control the maximum temperature.

Abstract: Examples of a thermal management unit and an electronic apparatus utilizing the thermal management unit are described. In one aspect, the thermal management unit includes a heat sink. The heat sink includes a base portion, a first protrusion structure and a second protrusion structure. The base portion has a first side and a second side opposite the first side. The first protrusion structure protrudes from the first side of the base portion, and includes multiple fins. The second protrusion structure protrudes from the second side of the base portion, and includes multiple ribs. The heat sink may be made of silicon.

Abstract: The invention is an electrical and mechanical roof underlayment which provides electrical and mechanical connection of solar shingles to a roof. The underlayment simplifies the installation of solar shingles allowing the shingles to be installed and connected together in the same step. The underlayment includes a membrane which has embedded electrical conductors and electrical connectors that provides an electrical connecting system extending to an electrical circuit. The membrane further has embedded mechanical members with mechanical connectors that secure the shingles to the membrane. The membrane is structurally attached to a roof surface. The structural attachment may be an adhesive attachment. Solar shingles are connected to the membrane by an integral clasping mechanism that mechanically and electrically connects the shingles to the membrane. No external wiring, connectors or devices are required to make the electrical connection between the shingles and the membrane.

Abstract: A vehicle seat includes an air mover within a seatback. An inlet channel extends from an occupant seatback surface to the air mover and includes first and second outlet channels. The air mover selectively and alternatively moves air from the inlet channel to one of the first and second outlet channels. The first outlet channel includes a vent located proximate a headrest.

Abstract: A refrigerator that includes: a storage space configured to be cooled by a refrigeration cycle cooling system; a wall defines a boundary of the storage space; a low temperature case that is arranged adjacent to a portion of a first surface of the wall; a thermoelectric element module (TEM) assembly that is configured to supply cool air to the low temperature case; and a TEM accommodating part that protrudes from the first surface of the wall and that accommodates the TEM assembly, wherein the low temperature case includes an opening through which the TEM accommodating part is inserted, and wherein a sealant is provided between the low temperature case and the wall to couple the low temperature case to the first surface of the wall is disclosed.

Abstract: A hybrid Vapor Compression (VC) and Thermoelectric (TE) heat transport system is provided that maintains a set point temperature range of a chamber and includes a VC system and a TE system. The VC system includes a compressor, a condenser-evaporator connected to the compressor, a first valve connecting the compressor to an evaporator-condenser, and a second valve connecting the evaporator-condenser to a thermal expansion valve. The TE system includes TE modules, a first heat exchanger thermally connected with a first side of the TE modules which connects the first valve and the second valve, and a second heat exchanger thermally connected with a second side of the TE modules which connects the first valve and the second valve. In this way, the VC system and the TE system can be operated individually, in series, or in parallel to increase the efficiency of the hybrid VC and TE heat transport system.

Abstract: The system for controlling a flow of cooling air in a battery system for cooling the battery system includes: an air conditioning system which includes an outlet discharging cooling air for reducing a temperature of the plurality of battery modules, and an inlet taking in cooling air, of which a temperature is increased, after reducing the temperature of the plurality of battery modules; and a pipe which includes a plurality of module cooling ports connected to the outlet, forming a flow path of the cooling air, and corresponding to the plurality of battery modules, respectively, and makes the cooling air discharged through the outlet pass through each battery module through each module cooling port to cool the plurality of battery modules.

Abstract: A method for sampling a downhole formation fluid includes pumping formation fluid into the flowline of a downhole sampling tool. The method can also include measuring a saturation pressure of the formation fluid in the flowline while pumping. The method can also include adjusting the pumping rate such that the fluid pressure in the flowline remains within a predetermined threshold above the measured saturation pressure.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate; a first thermoelectric conduction leg, disposed on the substrate, and doped with a first type of dopant; a second thermoelectric conduction leg, disposed on the substrate, and doped with a second type of dopant, wherein the first and second thermoelectric conduction legs are spatially spaced from each other but disposed along a common row on the substrate; and a first intermediate thermoelectric conduction structure, disposed on a first end of the second thermoelectric conduction leg, and doped with the first type of dopant.

Abstract: In one general aspect, an apparatus can include a module including a semiconductor die. The apparatus can include a heatsink coupled to the module and including a substrate, and a plurality of protrusions. The apparatus can include a cover including a channel where the plurality of protrusions of the heatsink are disposed within the channel, and can include a sealing mechanism disposed between the cover and the module.

Abstract: A thermoelectric cooling system includes at least one thermoelectric cooling module and an electronic circuit. The at least one thermoelectric cooling module is arranged in at least one zone. The electronic circuit is electrically coupled to at least one of the thermoelectric cooling modules. Each of the thermoelectric cooling modules includes a first plate, a sink, a plurality of thermoelectric elements, and a second plate. The thermoelectric elements are coupled to the first plate and the second plate. The first plate is arranged to be thermally coupled to a first surface. The sink is arranged to be thermally coupled to an environment and is configured to dissipate heat by evaporating a liquid from the sink to the environment. The second plate is arranged to be thermally coupled to the sink.

Abstract: A semiconductor device may include: a semiconductor module in which a semiconductor element is sealed in a resin package, and a heat sink is located on at least one surface of the resin package; an insulating sheet covering the heat sink; a cooling plate which is constituted of resin containing heat transfer fillers, the cooling plate having one surface and another surface, wherein the one surface covers the insulating sheet and is bonded to the at least one surface of the resin package, the other surface is provided with fins; and a cooler constituted of resin and configured to flow coolant along the fins, wherein the cooler surrounds the cooling plate in a view along a normal direction of the cooling plate, and is bonded to both ends of the resin package in the view along the normal direction.

Abstract: Methods, systems and computer readable media described herein may facilitate a detection of a damaged switched diplex filter. A CPE device may be equipped with one or more switches and one or more A/D converters. The one or more A/D converters may be utilized to monitor voltage at the one or more switches. In response to a detection of a rise in voltage above a threshold at a switch, upstream transmissions may be disabled at the CPE device.

Abstract: A thermoelectric cooling apparatus for use with a motorcycle includes a housing having a bottom wall and a wall structure extending upwardly that defines an interior area and an open top providing selective access to the interior area. A conductive lining is situated adjacent to the insulation layer that includes an aluminum cooling plate upwardly displaced from the bottom wall such that the bottom wall, the wall structure and the cooling plate defining a hollow compartment. The cooling apparatus is mounted to a motorcycle with mounting straps and locked with a locking assembly. A thermoelectric assembly is situated in the compartment having a “cool” side coupled to a lower surface of the cooling plate of the lining and an opposed “hot” side, the thermoelectric assembly configured to electrically connect to the battery of the motorcycle such that the thermoelectric assembly conductively cools the cooling plate and the lining when actuated.

Abstract: Provided is a portable, thermoelectrically powered device in form of a modified vessel and attachments, for extracting electricity from the temperature differential of liquids, slurries, and solids, and that of ambient air. The device utilizes two container surfaces with a temperature differential between them, and at least one thermoelectric generator in electrical communication with circuitry comprising at least one step up DC-DC voltage converter. In a preferred embodiment, the device includes a second DC-DC voltage converter and a storage battery to provide electrical power at a selected voltage to external personal devices such as cell phones, iPods, flashlights, and tablets for recharging or operation of those external devices.

Abstract: A light emitting diode (LED) filament light bulb is disclosed. The LED filament light bulb includes a plurality of LED filaments, an RF driver, an antenna, and a cover. The antenna defines a first end portion and a second end portion, where the first end portion of the antenna is electrically connected and in signal communication with the RF driver. The cover defines an external wall and a support structure. The external wall defines an interior volume and the support structure defines an evacuation passageway and a cavity. The evacuation passageway and the antenna are both received within the cavity of the support structure and the evacuation passageway is fluidly connected to the interior volume of the cover.

Abstract: A heat pump system includes a caloric heat pump with a regenerator housing that is rotatable about an axial direction. A caloric material is disposed within a chamber of the regenerator housing. The caloric material defines a plurality of channels that extend along the axial direction through the caloric material. The channels of the plurality of channels are spaced from one another along a circumferential direction within the caloric material. A working fluid is flowable through the plurality of channels between end portions of the regenerator housing. A related refrigerator appliance is also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a regulation method for an electrical enclosure cooling device, which has a refrigerating machine and a heat pipe arrangement, wherein the method comprises measuring a current internal electrical enclosure temperature and determining a target temperature for the internal electrical enclosure temperature, wherein said internal electrical enclosure temperature and target temperature form input signals of a regulator for actuating the electrical enclosure cooling device, and wherein said regulator outputs a control signal for determining manipulated variables of the refrigerating machine; determining the regulator control signal as a measured variable which is proportional to the respective current required cooling power; measuring the ambient electrical enclosure temperature and determining a respective energy efficiency for the refrigerating machine and the heat pipe arrangement either in the event that the required cooling power is to be provided by the refrigerating machine or in the

Abstract: A thermoelectric module for cooling a heat source includes multiple major sections, each major section including multiple minor sections. Each minor section includes one or more thermoelectric cooler (TEC) units including P-type and N-type semiconductors. Each major section also includes a single output terminal commonly connected to the minor sections, where the output terminal is configured to provide a same reference voltage signal to each of the minor sections. Each major section also comprises multiple input terminals, where each input terminal is separately connected to one of the minor sections and each input terminal is configured to provide a separate input voltage signal to each of the minor sections. The module also comprises a controller configured to independently control each reference voltage signal applied to each major section, and independently control each input voltage signal applied to each input terminal of each minor section within each major section.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a power-module assembly includes a power-module stack having coolant chambers interleaved with power modules and supply and return manifold channels extending axially along the stack. An endcap has a major side defining recessed inlet and outlet manifold cavities aligned with the channels and inlet and outlet ports disposed on one or more minor sides that are perpendicular to the major side.

Abstract: A thermoelectric generator unit includes: a case having a heating surface and a cooling surface; first to fourth thermoelectric generator modules housed in the case, the thermoelectric generator modules including a plurality of thermoelectric elements; a multilayer substrate including: a first layer including an interelement electrode for forming an output circuit configured to connect the thermoelectric elements; a second layer provided with a plurality of through holes penetrating therethrough from front to back; and a third layer including a plurality of bypass patterns electrically continuous with the through holes; and lead pins that penetrate through the case inward and outward, the lead pins having base ends connected to both ends of the output circuit on a surface of the first layer, the output circuit being defined in each of the thermoelectric generator modules.

Abstract: A method and system to transfer heat using a cooling medium includes a first cold plate, including a first fluid flow path in thermal communication with a first thermal region of the first cold plate, and a second fluid flow path in fluid communication with the first fluid flow path and in thermal communication with a second thermal region of the first cold plate, and a thermoelectric heat exchanger in thermal communication with the first thermal region of the first cold plate.

Abstract: Light emitting devices (LEDs) are described herein. An LED includes a light emitting semiconductor structure, a wavelength converting material and an off state white material. The light emitting semiconductor structure includes a light-emitting active layer disposed between an n-layer and a p-layer. The wavelength converting material has a first surface adjacent the light emitting semiconductor structure and a second surface opposite the first surface. The off state white material is in direct contact with the second surface of the wavelength converting material and includes multiple core-shell particles disposed in an optically functional material. Each of the core-shell particles includes a core material encased in a polymer or inorganic shell. The core material includes a phase change material.

Abstract: A heat transfer system cycles between a first mode where a heat transfer fluid is directed to a first electrocaloric module and from the first electrocaloric module to a heat exchanger to a second electrocaloric module while one of the first and second electrocaloric modules is energized, and a second mode where the heat transfer fluid is directed to the second electrocaloric module and from the second electrocaloric module to the heat exchanger to the first electrocaloric module, while the other of the first and second electrocaloric modules is energized. The modes are repeatedly cycled in alternating order directing the heat transfer fluid to cause a temperature gradient in each of the first and second electrocaloric modules, and heat is rejected to the fluid from the heat exchanger or is absorbed by the heat exchanger from the fluid.

Abstract: A system and method for cooling an enclosed position feedback device mounted to a motor is disclosed. An active cooling device is mounted between the position feedback device and the housing enclosing the position feedback device. A compliant mount is provided to accommodate vibration in the position feedback device. The compliant mount may be a compliant thermal pad positioned between the feedback device and the active cooling device. Optionally, the compliant mount may be provided between the motor and the position feedback device.

Abstract: A heat-driven engine having a first, thermally conductive, pump to which a working medium is admitted and within which the working medium subsequently absorbs its latent heat while undergoing a phase change from low to high enthalpy phase before being expelled from the first pump. Also, a restrictive cooling element accepts the working medium in its high enthalpy phase and allows it to release its latent heat and undergo a phase change from a liquid to a low enthalpy phase. A first and a second passage, through which the working medium traverses, connects the first pump and the cooling element. The second passage incorporates a thermally conductive element, placing the working medium in thermal contact with a heat source or sink. Also, a heat pump is in thermal contact with the first pump and the cooling element. Finally, a power transmission element links the first pump to the heat pump.

Abstract: A heating and cooling cup holder may include a holder body having an opened upper end and a blast hole formed in a side surface of the holder body into which wind is introduced, a heat exchanging body having a front surface coupled to an outer side surface of the holder body to cover the blast hole and having an inlet formed in one side surface of the heat exchanging body to allow the wind introduced through the inlet to be heat-exchanged, a first peltier element having a front surface coupled to a rear surface of the heat exchanging body, a heat dissipating module coupled to a rear surface of the first peltier element, a second peltier element having an upper surface coupled to a lower surface of the holder body, and a heat pipe heat-exchangeably connecting a lower surface of the second peltier element to the heat dissipating module.

Abstract: A refrigerator includes a refrigerator main body configured to define an outer shell of the refrigerator and a door configured to open and close an internal space of the refrigerator main body. The refrigerator further includes an ice-making unit provided in the door and a cold air generation unit configured to circulate a refrigerant so that a cold air is supplied to the internal space. The refrigerator further includes an ice-making pipe installed within the ice-making unit so that the ice-making unit makes heat exchange with the refrigerant, a refrigerant pipe installed in the refrigerator main body so as to receive the refrigerant from the cold air generation unit, and a soft pipe disposed around a folding portion of the refrigerator main body and the door and configured to interconnect the ice-making pipe and the refrigerant pipe in a stretchable manner.

Abstract: A camera including an image capture module, and at least one other module. The image capture module is a sealed module and includes: a housing; at least one image sensor to convert light into electrical signals; an optical system associated with the image sensor and arranged to transmit light through the housing to the at least one image sensor; the image capture module and the at least one other module being directly or indirectly mounted to each other, and interoperable with each other to capture images. An image capture module and method of construction of a camera are also described.

Abstract: A refrigerator includes an ice-making unit disposed in the door and can make ice through direct cooling by a refrigerant without using cold air flow. A cold air generation system operates to circulate the refrigerant for supplying a cold air flow for the refrigerator. A refrigerant pipe is installed in the refrigerator main body to branch off some refrigerant from the cold air generation system. An ice-making pipe is installed within the ice-making unit and receives the refrigerant from the refrigerant pipe. Water freezes into ice through heat transfer between the ice-making unit and the ice-making pipe containing refrigerant. A soft pipe is disposed around a hinge shaft of the refrigerator main body and the door and configured to interconnect the ice-making pipe and the refrigerant pipe in a twistable manner.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for dissipating heat generated from an electrical current carrying device are provided herein. The disclosed concept provides a dielectric heat path device that assists in heat dissipation of an electrical current carrying device by transferring heat from one end of the device to another. The disclosed concept also provides systems that communicate heat generated by an electrical device to a thermally grounded secondary device through a dielectric heat path device to dissipate heat.

Abstract: A heating and cooling cup holder may include an inner holder having an air hole, a heat exchanging unit covering the air hole and having an intake port at a first side so that air flowing inside through the intake port exchanges heat through heat transfer fins in the heat exchanging unit and flows into the inner holder through the air hole, a peltier element having a front coupled to a rear of the heat exchanging unit, a heat dissipation module including a heat sink and a heat dissipating fan coupled to the rear of the peltier element, an outer holder surrounding the side of the inner holder and defining a ventilation space together with the inner holder therebetween, and a blower disposed in the ventilation space and having a discharge port connected to the intake port of the heat exchanging unit.

Abstract: An exemplary thermally regulated component is an optical element or chuck for holding an optical element, or a stage for same, or combination thereof. The component has first and second heat-transfer zones. The first has a first component surface that receives a heating influence such as incident electromagnetic radiation. The second has a second component surface. A conduit circuit extends in the component serially through the first and second heat-transfer zones, back to the first heat-transfer zone, and contains an electrically conductive liquid (e.g., liquid metal). A vibration-free pump (e.g., MFD pump) coupled to the conduit circuit induces flow of the liquid through the circuit. A heat-exchanger is in thermal contact, but not actual contact, with the second component surface. Thus, heat delivered to the second heat-transfer zone by the liquid flowing in the conduit circuit flows from the second component surface to the heat-exchanger.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a heat pipe with a fluid path. A first part of the fluid path is thermally coupled to a first region of a higher temperature and a second part of the fluid path thermally is coupled to a second region of a lower temperature. A difference between the higher temperature and the lower temperature induces a flow of a magnetic fluid in the fluid path. A switchable magnetic device is magnetically coupled to the fluid path. Activation of the switchable magnetic device reduces the flow of the magnetic fluid in the fluid path, which reduces heat transfer from the first region to the second region.

Abstract: An integrated independent air conditioning system may include a refrigerant line, including a compressor, a condenser, and an evaporator core, a Peltier heat exchanger to perform air conditioning through a Peltier element, a ventilated seat for a vehicle in which a blower and a heat exchanger are arranged, a cooling circulation line arranged such that coolant passes through a first pump, the evaporator core, an on-off valve, the Peltier heat exchanger, and a first 3-way valve, a seat circulation line that passes through the heat exchanger and joins an upper side of the first pump, a heating circulation line arranged such that coolant passes through a second pump, the condenser of the refrigerant line, a second 3-way valve, the Peltier heat exchanger, and the first 3-way valve, a radiator circulation line that passes through a radiator, and joins an upper side of the second pump, and a controller.

Abstract: A spray structure for temperature regulation includes a spray system and a heat exchange cycling system. The heat exchange cycling system includes a thermal chip for providing a temperature regulation water which is received in the spray system to exchange energies. After the temperature regulation water is flowed through the thermal chip to exchange energies, the temperature regulation water is atomized by the spray system to regulate an inner temperature inside a space.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for a thermos having a peltier or similar thermoelectric device mounted thereon wherein the peltier is operated by turning a generator assembly so that the peltier is actuated. The apparatus is designed for use in emergency or survival situations where there is no electricity available. The wall of the container is adapted to receive a peltier therein. The peltier comprises an aluminum block having fins thereon that forms a cooling or heating module to heat or cool liquid contained inside the container. The peltier may be attached to the container or operated at a distance therefrom. A battery may also boost the energy from the generator assembly.

Abstract: Technologies are generally described herein for electrocaloric effect heat transfer devices, methods, and systems that may be effective to efficiently transfer and distribute thermal energy from a heat source utilizing coordinated application of out of phase electric signals to adjacent heat transfer stacks coupled with a thermal distribution layer. Some electrocaloric effect heat transfer stacks may include alternating layers of electrocaloric effect material and thermal rectifier material. The out of phase electric signals produce electric fields that bias the electrocaloric effect material of one heat transfer stack to a hot phase, emitting thermal energy, while biasing the electrocaloric effect material of an adjacent heat transfer stack to a cold phase, absorbing thermal energy. The thermal distribution layer allows for thermal energy from the material in the hot phase to be distributed to the material of the adjacent stack in the cold phase rather than back to the heat source.

Abstract: A shading and cooling apparatus for a cellular phone including a covering having an open bottom side and an open front side. A front lip is inwardly disposed within the open front side of the covering. A circular aperture is disposed through a rear side of the covering, and a slot is continuously disposed within the rear side of the covering from the aperture to a bottom edge of the rear side. A proximal end of a tube is attached to an interior surface of the rear side and a distal end of the tube is removably disposed within an interior air vent of an automobile. An arm extension of a windshield-mounted cellular phone holder is selectively and slidably disposed through the slot and within the aperture, and the covering is removably disposed around a cellular phone attached to the windshield-mounted cellular phone holder.

Abstract: A rotary resonant three-dimensional electric field sensor is disclosed. The rotary resonant three-dimensional electric field sensor includes: a substrate (1); an X-direction electric field measurement unit (4), a Y-direction electric field measurement unit (5), and a Z-direction electric field measurement unit (6), set on the substrate (1), each of which including: a sensing electrode (8, 10, 13) fixed on the substrate (1), and a shielding electrode (7, 9, 12) vibrating relatively to the sensing electrode (8, 10, 13); and at least one set of driving mechanical structures (11, 18), is configured to generate a driving force so as to cause the shielding electrode (7, 9) to vibrate relatively to a corresponding sensing electrode (8, 10, 13), and the vibration is transferred to the shielding is electrodes (7, 9, 12) of the other two electric field measurement units (4, 5, 6).