Abstract: A thermionic (TI) power cell includes a heat source, such as a layer of radioactive material that generates heat due to radioactive decay, a layer of electron emitting material disposed on the layer of radioactive material, and a layer of electron collecting material. The layer of electron emitting material is physically separated from the layer of electron collecting material to define a chamber between the layer of electron collecting material and the layer of electron emitting material. The chamber is substantially evacuated to permit electrons to traverse the chamber from the layer of electron emitting material to the layer of electron collecting material. Heat generated over time by the layer of radioactive material causes a substantially constant flow of electrons to be emitted by the layer of electron emitting material to induce an electric current to flow through the layer of electron collecting material when connected to an electrical load.

Abstract: A cover glass element can extend to the edges of an electronic device while maintaining the optical flatness and thickness needed for the cover glass. A first glass sheet with the desired thickness and flatness can be thermally bonded to a second glass sheet machined to include an opening to be received by the edges of the electronic device. The resulting three-dimensional cover element forms a uni-body frame that is significantly stiffer than a single sheet of glass, and the larger surface area of the edge provides for enhances pressure distribution, particularly after chemical strengthening, thus enhancing the durability of the electronic device. Further, the thermal bonding process uses lower temperatures than processes such as slumping or pressing, which could potentially affect the flatness and optical clarity of the original sheet glass.

Abstract: Cooling of downhole components is effected using an expendable refrigerant, such as water. Refrigerant, in thermal communication with a component to be cooled, is evaporated in an evaporator. Vapor is removed from the evaporator and released into a borehole, in order to cool the component. A pump may be used to remove the vapor from the evaporator and force the vapor into the borehole.

Abstract: Certain example embodiments of this invention relate to coated articles including substrates that support printed patterns and thin film layer stacks that can have the patterns and the layer stacks formed thereon and then be cut, heat treated, and optionally built into an insulated glass unit, laminated to another substrate, and/or used in another product. In certain example embodiments, this is made possible by bonding to the glass the frit material used in forming the pattern, re-annealing the glass following the bonding, disposing the thin film layer stack on the re-annealed substrate supporting the bonded pattern, and then cutting and heat treating. The frit advantageously does not re-melt during heat treatment because the melting temperature is higher than the temperature used in heat treatment, and/or as a result of secondary recrystallization of the frit material. Associated methods also are provided.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for cutting a continuous glass ribbon involving the use of edge restrainers such as suction cups and clamps connected to an actuator of a robot tooling through a flexible linkage capable of reciprocal motion in the direction of the ribbon velocity. The use of the flexible linkage reduces peak pulling-force when the glass ribbon is pulled or pushed laterally to during bending and separation along a pre-formed score-line. The invention can be advantageously used in the bottom of the draw of a vertical down-draw forming process.

Abstract: A method for separating a thin glass sheet, such as a glass film along a predefined cutting line provides the cutting line immediately has a temperature of greater than 250 K below the transformation point Tg of the glass of the thin sheet of glass, including the input of energy along the cutting line using a laser beam which acts such that a separation of the thin glass sheet occurs.

Abstract: Methods of separating a strengthened glass substrate having a compressive surface layer and an inner tension layer include translating a laser beam on a surface of the strengthened glass substrate along a line of desired separation from a first edge of the strengthened glass substrate toward a second edge of the strengthened glass substrate. Methods further include backward-propagating a controlled full-body crack within the strengthened glass substrate from the second edge toward the first edge substantially along the line of desired separation. A scribe line may be formed on a surface of the strengthened glass substrate such that the strengthened glass substrate self-separates along the scribe line. A residual stress field may be created within the strengthened glass substrate such that a full-body crack backward-propagates from an exit defect located at the second edge toward the first edge along a line of desired separation, thereby separating the strengthened glass substrate.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a through electrode-attached glass substrate, electrode through holes and at least one dummy through hole are formed in a plate-shaped glass, and electrode members are inserted into the electrode through holes but not into the at least one dummy through-hole. The plate-shaped glass and the electrode members are welded by heating the plate-shaped glass at a temperature higher than a softening point of the plate-shaped glass so that the glass is allowed to flow into the at least one dummy through hole. Opposite surfaces of the plate-shaped glass are ground together with the electrode members so as to expose the electrode members to the opposite surfaces of the plate-shaped glass and to configure the electrode members as through electrodes that are electrically separated from each other.

Abstract: Apparatus, systems and methods for windows integration with cover glass and for processing cover glass to provide windows for electronic devices are disclosed. Transparent windows such as a transparent camera window, a transparent illuminator window and/or a transparent display window can be integrated into the cover glass. The apparatus, systems and methods are especially suitable for cover glasses, or displays (e.g., LCD displays), assembled in small form factor electronic devices such as handheld electronic devices (e.g., mobile phones, media players, personal digital assistants, remote controls, etc.). The apparatus, systems and methods can also be used for cover glasses or displays for other relatively larger form factor electronic devices (e.g., portable computers, tablet computers, displays, monitors, televisions, etc.).

Abstract: In the process a glass tube line is drawn from a glass tube production plant and the glass tube is severed from the glass tube line. At the same time the still heated glass tube is subjected to a selective local heat treatment of the at least one tube end section prior to cooling down completely in order to reduce the stresses in the respective tube end section. Not the entire glass tube but instead only the respective tube end section is subjected to the selective local heat treatment. The heat treatment is performed in particular in such a manner that the mechanical tensile stress in the region between 7 mm and 20 mm from the tube end or ends is reduced to below 6.0 MPa, more preferably to below 4.5 MPa.

Abstract: A cover glass element can extend to the edges of an electronic device while maintaining the optical flatness and thickness needed for the cover glass. A first glass sheet with the desired thickness and flatness can be thermally bonded to a second glass sheet machined to include an opening to be received by the edges of the electronic device. The resulting three-dimensional cover element forms a uni-body frame that is significantly stiffer than a single sheet of glass, and the larger surface area of the edge provides for enhances pressure distribution, particularly after chemical strengthening, thus enhancing the durability of the electronic device. Further, the thermal bonding process uses lower temperatures than processes such as slumping or pressing, which could potentially affect the flatness and optical clarity of the original sheet glass.

Abstract: Provided is a method of manufacturing an optical filter for an illuminance sensor, which has spectral characteristics close to human luminosity characteristics, has high detection accuracy, and can be manufactured at low cost. The method includes the steps of: (a) punching a glass; (b) feeding a small piece of glass (7) having a filter effect; (c) softening the small piece of glass (7); and (d) abrading.

Abstract: Glass layers 3 are molten by irradiation with laser light L, so as to generate a temperature difference in a part along regions to be fused R in each of glass substrates 40, 50 so that main faces 40a, 50a on the glass layer 3 side have a temperature higher than that on main faces 40b, 50b on the opposite side of the glass layers 3. Thereafter, the molten glass layers 3 solidify, and cooling generates a stress in the glass substrates 40, 50. Here, since initial fractures 8 are formed in the glass substrate 50 so as to overlap the glass layers 3, fractures grow in the thickness direction of the glass substrates 40, 50 through the glass layers 3 from the initial fractures 8 acting as a start point.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a glass body for a potentiometric sensor, including: loading a first spindle of a glass lathe with outer and inner glass tubes, so that the glass tubes are arranged coaxially with one another and with the axis of rotation of the first spindle, the inner glass tube and the outer glass tube each has a media-side end, and the two media-side ends have defined axial positions relative to one another; loading a second spindle with an auxiliary glass tube, so that the axis of rotation of the second spindle is arranged coaxially with the axis of rotation of the first spindle; moving the auxiliary glass tube to be contiguous with the outer glass tube; fusion joining of the outer glass tube with the auxiliary glass tube; producing a connection between the outer glass tube, or the auxiliary glass tube, and the inner glass tube; removing a remainder of the auxiliary glass tube; producing a media-side opening of the inner glass tube; and forming a media-side edge of the opening.

Abstract: lead-free crystal ice that can be melt-adhered to a plate glass, has an average particle diameter (ø) of 0.2 mm to 1.0 mm, can be melted at a firing temperature (i.e. an internal temperature of a heating furnace) of 650 to 710° C., contains no heavy metals, and consists of optimal components present in optimal amounts. The lead-free crystal ice has the highest melting point within the range of 650 to 710° C. In addition, the surface of the lead-free crystal ice is not deformed or discolored in the atmosphere after the crystal ice is melt-adhered to the surface of a plate glass.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a gas discharge tube by closing an opening of a glass tube by forming a glass layer with outer peripheral shape identical to the outer peripheral shape of the glass tube on an end face of the glass tube. An open end face (opening) of the glass tube is pressure-welded to a dry film containing a low melting point glass powder and a binder resin, and then the glass tube is lifted up to transfer the dry film for closing the opening to the end face of the glass tube. A phosphor support member is inserted into the glass tube from a side opposite to the end face and then an end of the phosphor support member is caused to adhere to the dry film. The binder resin is burnt off, and the dry film is vitrified to produce a low melting point glass layer.

Abstract: A bottle is separated along at least one or two severance planes and the base of the bottle is discarded leaving the body portion behind. The body portion having a rim (10) is inverted to form the bowl of the goblet. Under heat and rotation, the original mouth (20) is flared to form a foot and the neck portion (30) is twisted or otherwise closed to seal the goblet from leakage.

Abstract: A method for constructing a mirror blank, including arranging hollow glass balls, on a front face sheet, and in close proximity to each other to permit fusing upon expansion; restricting the expansion of the hollow glass balls with a bounding structure during expansion of the hollow glass balls to force the hollow glass balls into a densely packed array of cells; applying heat to soften the hollow glass balls and increase the pressure within the hollow glass balls as the hollow glass balls fuse with each other during expansion, forming cells, wherein as a result of fusing, the hollow glass balls contact the front face sheet as a result of the increased pressure within the hollow glass balls; annealing and cooling the mirror blank to below annealing temperature associated with the hollow glass balls; and venting the cells.

Abstract: The method of manufacturing thin-walled blown glass single layer ornaments with an open spatial body consists in obtaining a raw glass shell with a closed spatial body (10), which is opened by such operations like cutting through, cutting out or cutting off along division lines (12) by means of a mechanical saw, blowpipe or laser, and thus obtained open spatial bodies (14) undergo further treatment in order for the edges to be smoothed, to be joined with other details and for the surfaces to be decorated.

Abstract: A reflective liquid crystal display device including a liquid crystal display and a body case for protecting the display. An auxiliary light source device supplies light to the display. At least one of the body case and the auxiliary light source device includes engaging structure for removably engaging the auxiliary light source device with the body case. Both of the body case and the auxiliary light source device include electric connection structure for electrically connected the body case and the auxiliary light source device.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for masking glazing panels while leaving a peripheral region free of masking material. The method can include providing a masking material and applying the masking material to at least one major surface of the glazing panel. The glazing panel can be either a single glass pane or a multi-pane insulating glass unit. After application to at least one major surface, a laser can be used to describe a closed path on the major surface, thereby cutting or scoring the masking material through to the glass major surface. The path demarcates a central, masked region from a peripheral masked region of the glazing panel. In one method, the laser cuts a muntin bar pattern having several central regions. The laser power can be selected and/or adjusted such that the masking material is burned through, without damage to the underlying glass material and any coatings on the glass material.

Abstract: A method for fabricating gradient-index rods and rod arrays. A central rod of optical glass having predetermined properties and predetermined outside dimensions is placed inside a tube of optical glass having predetermined properties and predetermined outside dimensions, to form an assembly. The inside dimensions of the tube are substantially equal to the outside dimensions of the rod. The tube is formed of a plurality of coaxial sleeves, the outside dimensions of each interior sleeve being substantially equal to the inside dimensions of the next adjacent sleeve, each sleeve having a selected refractive index so that, together with the tube, the refractive indices from the central rod through the outermost sleeve approximate the refractive index profile of the gradient-index rod to be fabricated. The central rod and sleeve material is selected so that their respective thermal indices of expansion are substantially equal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are described for making an article such as the body of a needleless injector capsule, from a formable material, such as glass, the article having a cavity communicating with the exterior via an orifice. A blank having an open end is mounted on a first forming tool, and the open end is engaged by a second forming tool while an end region of the blank adjacent the open end is in a condition to permit it to be formed. One of the tools has a pin extending therefrom, and when the tools are brought together to form the end region into the desired shape the pin defines the orifice.

Abstract: An ultrathin optical panel, and a method of producing an ultrathin optical panel, are disclosed, including stacking a plurality of glass sheets, which sheets may be coated With a transparent cladding substance or may be uncoated, fastening together the plurality of stacked coated glass sheets using an epoxy or ultraviolet adhesive, applying uniform pressure to the stack, curing the stack, sawing the stack to form an inlet face on a side of the stack and an outlet face on an opposed side of the stack, bonding a coupler to the inlet face of the stack, and fastening the stack, having the coupler bonded thereto, within a rectangular housing having an open front which is aligned with the outlet face, the rectangular housing having therein a light generator which is optically aligned with the coupler. The light generator is preferably placed parallel to and proximate with the inlet face, thereby allowing for a reduction in the depth of the housing.

Abstract: Decorative panels are manufactured by cutting out profiled shaped-pieces, using a numerically-controlled water-jet cutting machine. The shaped-pieces are picked from the cutting table by hand, and placed in the apertures of a pre-cut template, positioned on a base-pane. Colouring and texturing may be included. The base-pane, together with the shaped-pieces located thereon by the template, are placed in a furnace, and heated to fusing temperatures.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are described for making an article such as the body of a needleless injector capsule, from a formable material, such as glass, the article having a cavity communicating with the exterior via an orifice. A blank (1a) having an open end is mounted on a first forming tool, and the open end is engaged by a second forming tool (22) while an end region of the blank (1a) adjacent the open end is in a condition to permit it to be formed. One of the tools (7a) has a pin (21) extending therefrom, and when the tools are brought together to form the end region into the desired shape of the pin (21) defines the orifice.

Abstract: A method for producing a silica glass for photolithography, which comprises the following steps: jetting a starting material gas, an oxygen gas and a hydrogen gas from a burner and depositing and consolidating silica glass powder on a target to form an ingot having a growing direction, where the ingot is grown in such a manner that at least a part of glass synthesis face on the ingot having the silica glass powder deposited and consolidated is a plane substantially perpendicular to the growing direction of the ingot, thereby to obtain the ingot having a portion in which striae are substantially perpendicular to the growing direction of the ingot; and cutting out of the ingot the portion in which the striae are substantially perpendicular to the growing direction of the ingot, thereby to obtain a silica glass having striae which are substantially parallel to each other and are planar.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an apparatus and method for forming glass article from sheet glass. More specifically the apparatus comprises a mold, a plunger being cooperative alignment with the mold, wherein the mold and the plunger form a cavity exhibiting the shaped of the glass article, an outer trimmer for separating the glass article from the surrounding excess sheet glass, and an inner trimmer for forming the aperture in the glass article, and the method involves forming the aperture during the hot-forming process, therefore eliminating a post-formation step.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an apparatus and method for forming glass article from sheet glass. More specifically the apparatus comprises a mold, a plunger being cooperative alignment with the mold, wherein the mold and the plunger form a cavity exhibiting the shaped of the glass article, an outer trimmer for separating the glass article from the surrounding excess sheet glass, and an inner trimmer for forming the aperture in the glass article, and the method involves forming the aperture during the hot-forming process, therefore eliminating a post-formation step.

Abstract: A process is described for producing a desired breaking point for breaking the glass wall of a glass body, in particular a break-open ampule or a tube, or for separating parts out of a pane of glass by generating microcracks in the breaking zone, in which process the microcracks are generated in the interior of the glass wall or the pane of glass.

Abstract: A process for effectively bonding arbitrary size or shape substrates. The process incorporates vacuum pull down techniques to ensure uniform surface contact during the bonding process. The essence of the process for bonding substrates, such as glass, plastic, or alloys, etc., which have a moderate melting point with a gradual softening point curve, involves the application of an active vacuum source to evacuate interstices between the substrates while at the same time providing a positive force to hold the parts to be bonded in contact. This enables increasing the temperature of the bonding process to ensure that the softening point has been reached and small void areas are filled and come in contact with the opposing substrate. The process is most effective where at least one of the two plates or substrates contain channels or grooves that can be used to apply vacuum between the plates or substrates during the thermal bonding cycle.

Abstract: The method of manufacturing a preform having a supporting core by effecting successive passes with a plasma torch while material is being supplied, and by effecting at least one glazing step with the plasma torch and without material being supplied includes:a) a first glazing step effected at slow speed from a first end of the preform to the second end thereof;b) pre-separation of the preform adjacent to the first end, thereby reducing its diameter to substantially that of the supporting core;c) a second glazing step effected from the first end to the second end of the preform; andd) complete separation of the preform at the place of pre-separation.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for the heat-softened severance of thin-walled glass tubes or plates with a wall thickness of no more than 0.2 mm, wherein the glass is softened on a width of no more than 0.4 mm, the softened area is reduced by drawing to a wall thickness of no more than 0.05 mm, and then is separated by additional heating in the drawn-out area.

Abstract: A method for molding optical glass elements including the steps of injecting molten glass material into a mold cavity through an injection port, runner and gate; cooling molten glass material in the mold cavity to a solidified state; and applying vibrations to solidified glass material in the mold cavity through a gate-forming member inserted into the mold assembly to form a gate to make a gate cut by concentration of stresses at boundary regions between the gate and the mold cavity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of forming a goblet from a glass bottle of the type having a base, a body portion extending from the base and converging towards a neck which terminates in a lip defining a mouth. The method comprises the steps of severing the base from the body portion along a first severance plane which is proximate the base and normal to a central axis of the bottle, and removing a waste portion of the body along a second severance plane which is parallel to the first severance plane. The mouth of the bottle is then glued or fused to a center portion of an upper surface of the base so as to form the goblet, with the base of the bottle forming a foot of the goblet, the neck of the bottle forming a stem of the goblet and the body portion of the bottle defining a bowl of the goblet. The method may include the step of plugging the neck of the bottle so as to form a solid stem.

Abstract: A glass-plate working apparatus 1 includes a glass plate carrying-in section 2; a glass plate bend-breaking section 3; a glass plate peripheral-edge grinding section 4; and a glass plate carrying-out section 5. The glass plate bend-breaking section 3 is provided with a supporting device 7 for supporting a glass plate 6 from the glass plate carrying-in section 2; a bend-breaking head device 11 for forming a main cut line 8 for bend-breaking and an edge cut line 9 on the glass plate 6, and for pressing positions 10, 10 on the glass plate 6 so as to bend-break the glass plate 6; and a bend-breaking head moving device 12 for moving the bend-breaking head device 11. The glass plate peripheral-edge grinding section 4 is provided with a supporting device 13 for supporting the glass plate 6; a grinding head device 15 for grinding a bend-broken edge 14 of the glass plate 6; and a grinding-head moving device 16 for moving the grinding head device 15.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device, in which predetermined portions of two glass plates bonded to each other with a sealing member interposed therebetween and constituting the display device, can be cut without turning over the bonded two glass plates and without breaking necessary portions thereof. In the method of manufacturing the liquid crystal display device, first, an upper one of the bonded two glass plates is half cut from its upper surface with a blade, and unnecessary portions of the upper glass plate are removed by the use of a vacuum suction head. Thereafter, predetermined portions of exposed portions of a lower one of the bonded two glass plates are fully cut with the blade. In accordance with it, it is not necessary to turn over the the bonded two glass plates-to cut it into a plurality of units, and, therefore, a cutting process can be performed automatically.

Abstract: A method of producing a low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp comprising two or more substantially parallel co-extending glass discharge tubes includes forming an inter-connecting joint between the tubes by heating the tubes to form blisters and causing the blisters to simultaneously fuse and break, thereby forming a joint between the tubes.

Abstract: Process for the formation of a removable surface area of a specific depth on a substrate with all coatings seated on the surface of the substrate, wherein a layer of a material, thin as related to the substrate, with a thermal expansion coefficient strongly deviating as compared with the substrate, is bonded to the substrate at one temperature and is subsequently cooled to another temperature.

Abstract: A protected fiber optical splice and a method for making the protected splice. The protective structure encapsulates first and second spliced optical fibers. The fibers are preferably fusion spliced. The protective structure includes a rigid tube surrounding the splice and its adjacent regions of the spliced fibers. A plastic such as an epoxy or moldable plastic is injected into the tube between the substantially axially centered fibers and splice, and the interior wall of the tube. Two molding fixtures are preferably surrounding the two ends of the tube, for injecting the moldable plastic into the tube and for shaping the portions of the structure external to the the tube ends.

Abstract: A novel method for fabricating glass micropipettes comprises assembling glass tubes side-by-side in a bundle, softening an axially central region of the bundle by heating, axially elongating the softened central region to create two opposing tapers, and then dividing the bundle in two at the axial midpoint of the central region to thereby create two micropipettes. The distal tip end of each micropipette at which it was separated from the other is then relatively advanced toward a hot flame to create a spherical enlargement at the tip end. This spherical enlargement facilitates subsequent gripping of this end when the micropipette is subsequently finished to produce desired orifice sizes for the barrels at the distal tip end. It is also desirable to perform a twisting step after the softening step and before the elongating step.

Abstract: A relatively large scale low cost method of fabricating optical devices with associated coupling lenses comprises the following steps:(a) producing in one surface of a substrate (1) of suitable material(s) a predetermined array of planar diffused lenses (4);(b) forming or otherwise producing on the opposite surface of the substrate (1) remote from the planar lenses (4) but in predetermined positional relationship to the lenses in the general planar direction of the substrate an array or pattern of metallic bonding pads or other registration means co-operable with corresponding pads or other means provided on a multiplicity of optical devices (10) for the accurate registration of such devices relative to the optical lenses; and,(c) dividing the substrate (1) into a multiplicity of parts each of which comprises an optical device (10) having an associated planar lens (4).

Abstract: A method for assembling and soldering pieces of stained glass involves placing a template to outline a mosaic fit of glass pieces on a workboard by nailing flat sided nails to the outer perimeter of the glassware as defined by the template in which glass pieces are cut and wrapped with copper foil positioned on the template with attaching the support assembly to a rotatable workboard which is positioned to solder the glassware together in which the template is subsequently removed and the glassware turned and rotated on the workboard and the glassware is soldered together.

Abstract: The use of a flat faceplate comprised of self-polished float glass substantially reduces the cost of a cathode ray tube incorporating a flat tensioned shadow mask while affording a high degree of video image acuity. The float glass flat faceplate does not require polishing and acid etching to provide a high degree of smoothness in its inner and outer surfaces and, in combination with a flat tensioned shadow mask mounted to the flat faceplate, offers a low cost, easily manufactured and assembled color CRT front assembly.

Abstract: A method for heat sealing an electron gun mount, having a glass stem, into a neck of a cathode-ray tube includes a mount socket for supporting the mount within the neck and a plurality of burners for applying heat to the outside of the neck proximate the stem. The neck softens, thins and then seals to the stem, causing excess neck material that is lower than the stem, known as cullet, to be cut off. Prior to applying heat, a sleeve is disposed around the mount socket within the neck adjacent to the cullet, with a clearance between the sleeve and both the socket and the neck. A vibrating coil is attached to the sleeve for vibrating the sleeve while applying heat to the outside of the neck.

Abstract: A method of fabricating optical sensing devices for detecting displacement of a part thereof comprising the steps of bonding a multiplicity of optical devices to one surface of a relatively large transparent substrate so that the optical devices are accurately located relative to one another and to the substrate itself, securing to the opposite surface of the substrate and one surface of a transparent optical element-carrying substrate in parallel relationship thereto resilient spacer support means and dividing the entire assembly into individual unit parts each of which comprises an optical device bonded to one substrate unit and coupled to another substrate unit having its own optical element by a divided part of the resilient spacer support means so that the two substrate units are resiliently mounted relative to one another whereby relative movement between the two substrate units produces variations in the optical characteristics of the device which can be sensed.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a low-pressure arc discharge lamp formed by interconnecting two or more adjacent glass discharge tubes. A hermetically sealed common passageway between the two adjacent tubes is formed by positioning the tubes in a contiguous relationship to define at least one common location of contact. Heating a preselected area of the internal surface of each of the tubes relative to the common location of contact to soften the glass to the extent a common passageway is defined between the tubes. Thereafter, separating the tubes a predetermined distance while the glass is in a softened state to stretch the softened glass, thereby extending the common passageway between the tubes. The technique may be applied to multiple tube assemblies precoated with a luminescent layer by alternating the end of the tube at which the passageway is formed. Once the tubes are joined, they may be processed by current manufacturing techniques to produce a low-pressure arc discharge lamp.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a glass product, in which a symmetrical glass member same in shape as a good made by combining a plurality of glass products is molded once and then the symmetrical glass member is cut to provide the plurality of glass products.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp having a discharge envelope sealed in a vacuum-tight manner and comprising four substantially parallel co-extending glass tube parts (1,2,3,4), adjacent tube parts (1,2) being connected through a cross-coupling (5) to each other so that during operation of the lamp the major part of each of the tube parts (1,2,3,4) as well as the cross-couplings (5,6,7) are traversed by the discharge.According to the invention, first a cross-coupling (24) is established between a first tube part (20) having a length l.sub.1, which is sealed at one end (20a) and comprises at the other end an electrode (22), and a tube part (18) likewise sealed at one end (18a) having a length l.sub.1 +l.sub.2, which tube part (18) comprises at its other end an electrode (16), the tube part (18) being subdivided at (18b) into two tube parts, one of which has a length l.sub.1 (26) and the other has a length l.sub.2 (27), the tube part having a length l.sub.

Abstract: It is desirable to have a camera tube in which the signal plate has a low capacity. This may be achieved by taking a conductor from the signal plate through the glass faceplate. Previous methods of manufacturing a faceplate in which a conductor is embedded have proved unsatisfactory because of difficulty in carrying them out, and distortion and incomplete fusion of glass.A graphite mould having a base and walls contains and supports two glass blocks and a conductor and permits a degree of fluidity of the glass to be obtained which gives good fusion.