Abstract: A system and/or method for increasing safety in areas in which people work and/or through which people travel that potentially may become blocked (e.g. mines, mineshafts, tunnels, etc.) is provided. In certain example embodiments, a system and/or method is provided wherein a sensor locates individuals who may be trapped and conveys their location(s) after an area becomes blocked. Sensors may be disposed throughout the area, located on individuals, etc. Sensors may be located behind protected coverings (e.g. glass), and they may locate individuals through, for example, low power, ultrasound, infrared techniques, etc. In certain example embodiments of this invention, one or more conduits may provide a supply of breathable air to individuals who may be trapped after the area becomes blocked.

Abstract: An application for generating a property set associated with a constitutive model of a material includes a first program module adapted to receive test data associated with the material and to extract loading conditions from the test data. A material model driver is adapted to receive the loading conditions and a property set and operable in response to the loading conditions and the property set to generate a model response for the material. A numerical optimization module is adapted to receive the test data and the model response and operable in response to the test data and the model response to generate the property set.

Abstract: A measuring method for measuring physical variables comprises—the selection of a working point (AP) lying within a total measurement range (G) of a physical variable (M) to be measured,—the detection of a measured value (M(t1)) of the physical variable at a first measuring time (t1),—the determination of a displacement value (V(t1)) as the result of a subtraction of the measured value (M(t1)) measured at the first measuring time from the working point (AP),—the formation of change values (C(t2), C(t3) . . . C(tx)) of the physical variable (M) by acquiring subsequent measured values (M(t2), M(t3) . . . M(tx)) of the physical variable at subsequent measuring times (t2, t3 . . . tx) and addition of the displacement value (V(t1)) to the subsequent measured values.

Abstract: An electrical transducer has a sensor outputting a value corresponding to the quantity to be measured, an analog end stage connected downstream of the sensor, a processor circuit, and an analog measurement signal transmission path. The end stage converts the sensor output signal into an impressed output current related to the magnitude of the quantity measured, the electronic transducer being controlled with the processor circuit. The electrical transducer can be scaled by the user, has low inherent power consumption and ensures high response speed because the processor circuit in normal operation is shifted temporarily into a sleep mode, in the analog measurement signal transmission path an analog scaling unit is inserted, the output signal of the sensor and at least one analog setting value are supplied to the analog scaling unit, and the output signal of the analog scaling unit is supplied to the analog end stage.

Abstract: A method for monitoring operation of a variable geometry turbocharger device includes monitoring exhaust gas pressure and vane position of the variable geometry turbocharger device. Exhaust pressure and vane position are estimated. Residual exhaust pressure and vane position are calculated based upon differences between the estimated and monitored exhaust gas pressures and vane positions. The turbocharger is determined operating properly based upon the exhaust pressure residual and the vane position residual.

Abstract: To enable a trouble diagnosis of braking-input-side pressure sensors even in a state where a braking input side and a braking output side are interrupted from each other. In a brake device of a vehicle in which a braking input side which generates a liquid pressure by manipulating a brake manipulation portion and a braking output side which supplies the liquid pressure to a brake caliper are made to be communicated with each other or being interrupted from each other by way of a first electromagnetic open/close valve, and the brake device includes a hydraulic modulator which adjusts the liquid pressure of the braking output side by operating an electrically-operated motor, the brake device includes a first pressure sensor and a second pressure sensor for detecting the liquid pressure of the braking input side, and a trouble diagnosis of the pressure sensors is performed in response to detection values of the pressure sensors.

Abstract: A mathematical model that models gas exchange of a central compartment with an environment having a model gas is provided. The central compartment is modeled to be in direct fluid communication with a plurality of peripheral compartments and with the environment to exchange the model gas therewith. Using a measure of an inert gas in a breathing mixture over a period of exposure of a person to the breathing mixture as a measure of the model gas in the environment over the time period, a measure of the model gas in the central compartment can be calculated according to the model. A risk of decompression sickness to the person resulting from the exposure can then be calculated based on the calculated measure of the model gas in the central compartment.

Abstract: A detection apparatus for measuring fluid in a vessel, comprising: at least one processor for receiving, processing and storing data from sensors in the vessel, at least one vertical support disposed within the vessel and at least one pair of sensors connected to the at least one vertical support. The sensors continuously provide measurement data to the processor, wherein the processor synchronously polls measurement data from the sensors, continuously calculates values, and compares the calculated values to at least one predetermined range of values for the fluid in the vessel to identify whether the calculated values are within the predetermined values. The processor communicates the compared value to a data collector.

Abstract: A usage monitoring system of a gas tank. A monitoring system for monitoring the usage of a tank includes: a sensor module for measuring one or more thermophysical quantities of a gas in the tank; and a processor module for controlling the usage of the tank based on the measured thermophysical quantities.

Abstract: In a method for transmitting data, the step of transmitting the data representing a measured pressure or pressure variation is repeated with a first repetition rate if no pressure variation has been detected or repeated with a second repetition rate if a specific pressure variation has been detected. The second repetition rate is higher than the first repetition rate. The different repetition frequencies can be used in a method for determining a tire position in a tire pressure measurement system to switch between a first mode of operation and a second mode of operation. The method for determining a tire position evaluates the repetition rate between the received data packets of transmitted data and extracts a pressure variation out of the received data packets.

Abstract: A fishing reel with an integrated barometer sensor, a temperature sensor, and a weight sensor forming a sensorized fishing reel to enhance the fishing experience of an angler is disclosed. The sensorized fishing reel includes; an exterior housing supporting a display and enclosing the barometer sensor, the temperature sensor, the weight sensor as well as a controller. The controller selectively interacts with each sensor to obtain sensory readings provided by each sensor, and delivers the obtained sensory readings to the angler via the display.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to the application of an algorithm to calculate a line that intersects a dynamic pressure waveform at two points. These points represent the point immediately prior to the suction valve closure event and the point directly after the event. The distance between each sample on the dynamic pressure waveform and the corresponding sample on the calculated line is determined. The suction valve closure event is identified with the sample located at the furthest distance from the calculated line.

Abstract: The invention relates to a technique for reducing computation time for force vector calculation. A force vector reconstruction method that uses an optical tactile sensor, comprises a step for obtaining a marker image by taking an image of behavior of colored markers when an object contacts a contact surface of an elastic body, a step of obtaining information relating to the marker behavior from the marker image, the information being more than the number of force vectors to be obtained, and a step of obtaining force vectors as outputs by inputting information relating to the obtained marker behavior to a transfer function. The step of obtaining force vectors comprises calculating force vectors using only information relating to behavior of markers neighboring region A1 of a position A where it is desired to obtain force vectors.

Abstract: A method for the detection of the loading of a motor vehicle determines a loading condition of the vehicle using an analysis of the rotational behavior of the wheels. In a frequency analysis, it determines the natural frequencies of the wheels and looks at the amplitudes of the tire noise around those frequencies, which amplitudes change when the loading condition changes.

Abstract: A method and system for statistical pressure gradient and fluid contact analysis. The method and system include planning for a pressure gradient test by using expected parameters and statistical expected error analysis to set the actual pressure gradient test parameters within an acceptable range of reliability. The method and system may account for one or more fluids within a formation and may also perform fluid contact analysis as part of planning the overall pressure gradient test. The method and system also include performing the planned pressure gradient test and comparing the measured data and statistical measured data error analysis with statistical expected error analysis of the measured data. The method and system may also include the graphical display of both the expected and measured data to optimize the pressure gradient analysis and the pressure gradient test procedure.

Abstract: Field device for determining and/or monitoring at least one process variable of a medium in a container. The field device includes: at least one mechanically oscillatable unit connected with the container via a process connection; and at least one driver/receiver unit, which excites the mechanically oscillatable unit to oscillate, or detects the oscillations of the mechanically oscillatable unit, as the case may be.

Abstract: The device (12A, 12B) comprises first and second inclinometers (IT1, IR1; IT2, IR2) carried by first and second axles (T1, R1; T2, R2). The inclinometers are designed to measure respective angles of inclination of the first and second geometrical axes of the axles passing through the centers of the wheels carried by each of the axles, about an axis of inclination (ITL; IRL) parallel to a first direction. The device (12A, 12B) includes calculation means (18) suitable for calculating, over a given time interval, a history of an angle of inclination, referred to as an inclinometer history, in particular for each angle of inclination of the first and second axle axes. The device includes means (20) for calculating an indicator from at least two inclinometer histories, referred to as a deviation indicator, which indicator serves to compare the inclinometer histories, in particular the inclinometer histories for the angles of inclination of the first and second axles.

Abstract: A pressure display apparatus 1 comprising a detected signal processing mean 3 for processing a detected signal Si obtained from a pressure detection means 2 for detecting a pressure P, a pressure value display means 4 for displaying on a display 5 a pressure value (detected pressure value Pd) regarding the pressure P at least based on the processed signal Dd obtained from the detected signal processing means 3, and a reference point adjustment means 6 for adjusting the display on the display 5 for a given reference pressure value Ps, characterized by the fact that the reference point adjusting means 6 has a reference pressure value setting function 6a to set the reference pressure value Ps for a given magnitude, a deviation value setting function 6b to obtain and set a detected pressure value Pd corresponding to the reference pressure value Ps and the deviation value Ed of the reference pressure value Ps, and a correction function 6c to correct at least the detected pressure value Pd regarding the pressure P

Abstract: A sensor device for a fluid power apparatus and in particular a pneumatic cylinder comprises at least one sensor for producing at least one sensor value on the basis of a property or a condition of the fluid power apparatus, and a sensor communication means for the transmission of the at least one sensor value. As regards the sensor device there is a provision such that it includes a reading means for reading apparatus identification data characterizing the fluid power apparatus and the sensor device is adapted for the transmission of the apparatus identification data by way of the sensor communication means.

Abstract: Method for the indirect tire pressure monitoring in which there are performed a rolling circumference analysis of the tires, in which rolling circumference analysis variables (?DIAG, ?SIDE, ?AXLE) are determined from actually found and learnt test variables describing the rotation of the wheels, and a frequency analysis of the natural oscillation behavior of at least one tire in which at least one frequency analysis variable (fk) is determined, in which case an evaluation of the rolling circumference analysis (A) and the natural frequency analysis (C) and a combined evaluation (B) of both methods of analysis is performed for warning indication of tire pressure loss.

Abstract: In a combined GPS/altimeter device, the calibration and hence the accuracy of barometric altimeter measurements are enhanced with the aid of derived altitudes from a GPS. The device determines the need for calibration and perform the subsequent computations necessary to facilitate the calibration. Furthermore, the device determines a correction quantity that should be applied to barometric altitude readings, thereby allowing the device to be calibrated while in motion. Both of these features ultimately result in a more accurate determination of altitude.

Abstract: The invention concerns a device and method for checking the state of an accumulator with energy reserve that is connected to a fluid system. According to the invention, the fluid system is first of all pressurized and this fluid is maintained at an operating pressure PF for at least a time ? so as to ensure the stabilization of this fluid system. Then the pressurisation of the fluid system is stopped and the time ?t taken by the system to pass from a predetermined pressure P1 to a predetermined pressure P2, with P2<P1<PF, is determined. This period ?t is compared with a predetermined reference time Tref.

Abstract: The invention comprises devices and methods for determining residual stress in MEMS devices such as interferometric modulators. In one example, a device measuring residual stress of a deposited conduct material includes a material used to form a MEMS device, and a plurality of disconnectable electrical paths, wherein said plurality of paths are configured to disconnect as a function of residual stress of the material. In another example, a method of measuring residual stress of a conductive deposited material includes monitoring a plurality of signals, each of said plurality of signals being associated with one of a plurality of test structures, said plurality of test structures each being configured to change the associated signal upon being subject to a predetermined amount of residual stress, sensing a change in said plurality of signals, and determining a residual stress level in said material based on the sensed change in the plurality of signals.

Abstract: Altimeters correct themselves by analyzing pressure data to identify underlying climatic changes and modify sensed pressures accordingly to provide corrected altitude values. The detected underlying climatic changes are used to provide a barometer function independent of altitude changes. Air pressure measured at a plurality of times is stored to provide historical pressure data. A reference pressure is modified in dependence on historical data to produce a modified reference pressure. An altitude value is obtained from the current air pressure value and the modified reference pressure and stored.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for assessing the tread on a vehicle tyre, measuring tyre pressure and calculating other parameters such as vehicle weight. The vehicle is driven in a longitudinal direction so that the tyre passes over a first lateral sensor (6) that extends across the footprint of the tyre, the first sensor comprising an array of individual force sensing elements (11), which provide outputs indicative of tyre pressure at points across the footprint of the tyre. The sensing elements are sampled at intervals as the tyre moves over them, so as to build up data relating to the entire footprint of the tyre. The sensing elements are of relatively high resolution to detect areas within the tyre footprint where there is tread cut into the tyre, so that the extent of tread coverage can be assessed. Tyre pressure is also determined. The tyre then passes over a series of second lateral sensors (7) spaced at intervals to assess the tyre around its circumference.

Abstract: The invention concerns a system for determining inflating pressure of tires mounted on a motor vehicle front and rear wheels. Said system comprises means (12, 14) for acquiring inflating pressures of the front and rear wheels, means (16, 18) for acquiring vertical accelerations of the front and rear wheels, and means (32) for emerging the acquired pressures and the acquired accelerations to estimate the inflating pressures of the front and rear tires.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for monitoring a fluid flow delivered by means of a pump. In the method the pressure distribution of the fluid is continuously or quasi-continuously measured as actual values in partial areas of the pump stroke and compared with desired values. In the device at least one pressure sensor is provided for the continuous or quasi-continuous measurement of the pressure of a fluid at least in partial areas of the pump stroke and a comparator is provided for comparing the measured actual values of the pressure with desired values.

Abstract: A detecting apparatus includes the following units. A pressure detecting unit detects in time series higher and lower static pressures and a differential pressure. Fluctuation calculating units calculate time series data sets of a differential pressure fluctuation, a higher static pressure fluctuation, and a lower static pressure fluctuation. Square sum calculating units calculate the square sum of the time series data sets of the differential pressure fluctuation, the square sum of the time series data sets of the higher static pressure fluctuation, and the square sum of the time series data sets of the lower static pressure fluctuation. A correlation coefficient calculating unit calculates first and second correlation coefficients. An intermediate variable calculating unit calculates an intermediate variable. A blockage rate calculating unit calculates a blockage rate. A determination unit determines a blockage of higher and lower pressure impulse lines with reference to the blockage rate.

Abstract: An electronic vehicle tester includes a battery tester configured to measure a parameter of a battery of a vehicle. A tire tester is configured to receive a parameter of a tire of the vehicle. A wireless receiver can be configured to receive pressure information from a transmitter associated with a tire of a vehicle.

Abstract: A method for monitoring tire pressure variation of automobile tires and a system of implementing thereof, which measures and obtains rotation speeds of individual automobile tires as reference values, and compares these reference values with the current rotation speeds of individual automobile tires to inspect tire pressure variation of automobile tires and provide basis for determining fault tire locations. Compared with the conventional art, it has advantages to determine fault locations accurately, and deal with the problem of misreporting tire locations due to the influence in determining fault locations by the difference of specifications of tires, pressure or wearing degrees. In addition, the method and system can raise an alarm when two tires arranged axially or diagonally are in case of equal underpressure, and record data relating to the alarm signal and rotation speeds as the basis for distinguishing liabilities in case of accidents.

Abstract: A sensing and analysis system, method, and network that make use of a very portable and compact sensor unit and a physically separate electronic unit that serves to power and control the sensor unit, process and optionally display the output of the sensor unit, and transmit the sensor output to other locations, such as over a network. The sensor unit includes a housing, a sensing element within the housing and responsive to an input, and electronic circuitry within the housing and in communication with the sensing element to produce an electrical output based on an output signal generated by the sensing element. A communication providing device delivers instructions generated by the electronic unit to the sensor unit and delivers the electrical output from the sensor unit to the electronic unit.

Abstract: Method of determining the permeability of an underground medium from NMR logs of the permeability of rock fragments from the medium, based on prior calibration of the permeability resulting from this measurements, from direct measurement on rock fragments, such as cuttings for example. The method mainly comprises measuring permeability (k) from rock fragments, measuring the signal produced by a device allowing NMR analysis of the rock fragments previously saturated with a protonated liquid (brine for example), obtaining optimum values for the parameters of a relation giving the permeability as a function of the NMR signal, and applying this relation to the well zones that have already been subjected to NMR logging but for which no direct permeability measurements are available. One example of one of the applications for the present invention is the evaluation of a hydrocarbon reservoir.

Abstract: A MEMS based pressure sensor for flow measurements includes a pressure sense die located between a media seal and a conductive seal. Such a system includes a pressure sense die located between a media seal and a conductive seal. A sensing diaphragm is generally associated with the pressure sense die, wherein the sensing diaphragm deflects when a pressure is applied thereto. An impedance circuit is generally embedded with one or more resistors on the sensing diaphragm to which the pressure to be detected is applied. An ASIC is generally associated with the impedance circuit and the sense die, wherein the ASIC is placed on a lead frame for signal conditioning in order to detect a change in the pressure.

Abstract: A diving computer is provided. The diving computer includes a computer connected to a dot matrix screen to display information concerning a dive. The computer has an interface to an external personal computer for reprogrammably configuring the information displayed on the screen. The user may customize the information on one or more views of the screen in several ways. The user may select the desired information to be displayed, and may customize the size and placement of the information on one or more views. The diving computer also has a number of pre-programmed displays that may be selected, each of which present different layouts and organizations of diving related information.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring a parameter of a fluid passing through a pipe includes a spatial array of at least two sensors disposed at different axial locations along the pipe. Each of the sensors provides a signal indicative of unsteady pressure within the pipe at a corresponding axial location of the pipe. A signal processor constructs at least a portion of a k-? plot using the signals and detects at least one ridge in the k-? plot. A slope of the at least one ridge is indicative of the parameter of the fluid. The signal processor determines a quality metric by comparing an accumulated energy (power) of k-? pairs along the at least one ridge with an accumulated energy (power) of k-? pairs along at least one ray extending in the k-? plot. The quality metric is indicative of a quality of the at least one ridge.

Abstract: An air data sensing probe or MFP includes a barrel having multiple pressure sensing ports for sensing multiple pressures. Instrumentation coupled to the pressure sensing ports provides electrical signals related to the multiple pressures. A neural network, coupled to the instrumentation, receives as inputs the electrical signals related to the multiple pressures, and in response, the neural network provides, as an output, electrical signals indicative of at least one local air data parameter for the air data sensing probe.

Abstract: A method and system for detecting and/or predicting abnormal levels of catalyst loss in a fluid catalytic cracking unit. The method and system measures a differential pressure across portions of a fluid catalytic cracker, such as a reactor cyclone or a regenerator cyclone, and determines abnormal catalyst loss when the differential pressure changes significantly from a baseline differential pressure. The claimed method and system implements algorithms using computing devices to detect or predict an abnormal condition based on the change in a monitored differential pressure in a fluid catalytic cracking unit.

Abstract: A method for determining a mobility of foot comprising: measuring at least a portion of a shape of the foot under a first weight load; measuring the at least the portion of the shape of the foot under a second weight load; and comparing the measurement under the first weight load to the measurement under the second weight load, thereby determining a mobility of at least the portion of the foot.

Abstract: A detection method of reducing the air pressure of tires based on the rotational speed of wheels mounted on a vehicle. The method includes steps of: determining the rotational speed of each wheel, memorizing the rotational speed of each wheel, determining the loading sensitivity of the dynamic load radius of tires caused by movement of a load during turning, comparing said loading sensitivity with the loading sensitivity of the dynamic load radii of tires at initialization which are preliminarily memorized, and judging decompression of tires based on the result of the comparison. Further, a loading sensitivity-calculating method of determining the loading sensitivity of the dynamic load radii of tires includes steps of: determining a lateral acceleration during turning of a vehicle, determining the shift rate of a judgment value which is the relative comparison of rotational speed of wheels on a pair of diagonals of a vehicle, and determining the loading sensitivity.

Abstract: Methods and systems for analyzing combustion dynamics of a combustor system in the time domain are provided. The combustor system includes an inlet pipe coupled in flow communication with a combustion chamber. The method includes determining a characteristic equation of a wave traveling in the inlet pipe, determining an acoustic pressure oscillation in the combustion chamber, and determining a pressure fluctuation in the inlet pipe using the characteristic equation and the determined acoustic pressure oscillation.

Abstract: Web is in the form of two web rolls, and each of which is obtained by wounding the web in a roll. The web of a selected one of the two web rolls is configured to be threaded into a transport route of a printing press by causing a holder to hold a forward edge portion of the web, and by thus moving the holder by drive of a motor while causing the web to be rotated and unwound by a corresponding one of motors. While threading the web into the transport route, a speed at which the selected one of the web rolls is rotated or a speed at which the web is towed is configured to be controlled depending on a value representing tension applied to the web.

Abstract: Disclosed is a tire pressure monitoring device for a motor vehicle. A tire pressure monitoring system with direct measurement includes a transmission device for transmitting tire pressure values determined by pressure sensors, and a tire pressure monitoring system with indirect measurement that operates on the basis of wheel speed sensors. The tire pressure monitoring system with direct measurement includes a tire pressure measuring device for measuring a tire pressure value only on each wheel of a driven vehicle axle and on at most one wheel of a non-driven axle. The tire pressure monitoring system with indirect measurement includes wheel speed sensors on the non-driven vehicle axle.

Abstract: Calibration of a sensor circuit that includes a sensor, a temperature measurement circuit and a signal processing path. The sensor senses a physical parameter to be measured and generates an electrical sensor output signal representing the physical parameter. The temperature measurement circuit outputs a measured temperature. The signal processing path is coupled to the sensor so as to receive the electrical sensor output signal and use the measured temperature to compensate for temperature variations in the electrical sensor output signal. During calibration, the output voltage of the signal processing path is measured at multiple temperatures, and at multiple values of the physical parameter being measured at each temperature while the signal processing path is disconnected from using the measured temperature of the temperature measurement circuit.

Abstract: A tire monitor and a tire pressure gauge for reading the data from the tire monitor are disclosed. The tire monitor includes an in-tire controller that stores a target inflation pressure representing the pressure to which the tire should be inflated when the tire is at a standard temperature. The tire monitor transmits the target inflation pressure to the external processor when the external processor is connected to the in-tire monitor over a communication link. A sensor array in the tire monitor can provide pressure and temperature readings that are stored in the monitor and used to provide a temperature-compensated fill pressure for the tire. The tire pressure gauge provides the user with a fill pressure to be used in inflating the tire. The tire pressure gauge communicates with the tire monitor and obtains pressure and temperature readings stored in the tire monitor. These reading are used to provide the temperature-compensated fill pressure.

Abstract: The invention disclosed herein employs an algorithm, the Gas Formation Model (“GFM”), to calculate the formation of free gas in a human body. The GFM is based on a novel theory of the formation of free gas relative to the physiology of the human cardiovascular system. Additionally, the GFM utilizes a novel means for the solution of integro-differential equations, the type of equations that derive from the introduction of physiological parameters. GFM-based dive computers utilize novel inputs, including a measure of exercise at depth to reflect the state of an individual's cardiovascular system. GFM-based dive computers also produce novel outputs, including the actual volume of free gas present in a diver's cardiovascular system. The GFM is implemented as a practical computational tool by means of a incorporating the algorithm into a dive computer.

Abstract: A planar pressure-sensitive switch unit has multiple pressure-sensitive switches that are disposed in a longitudinal direction of a bumper cover of a vehicle with given intervals for detecting the number of collision objects. Collision load sensors are disposed between a bumper reinforcement and side members for detecting a total collision load by adding up two outputs. Then, a collision load per a single collision object is computed by dividing the total collision load by the number of collision objects and is compared with a collision load corresponding to a pedestrian. Thus, even when the vehicle collides with multiple objects at the same time, collision with a pedestrian can be properly determined.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for generating a customized insole for footwear using information relating to pressure applied by the sole of a foot, which information is correlated to removable pieces of the insole. Embodiments include a method and apparatus for generating a customized insole for footwear, comprising receiving data from a pressure plate corresponding to a pressure map of the sole of a foot; determining regions of high relative pressure exceeding a predetermined relative pressure level within the pressure map; and associating data related to the regions of high relative pressure to an insole comprising removable insole pieces corresponding to the pressure map.

Abstract: A judgment whether a decrease in tire air-pressure occurs or not is performed by a process comprising the steps of: detecting information on wheel rotational velocities of tires; obtaining a judgment value for decrease in tire air-pressure based on relative comparison between the detected information on wheel rotational velocities; storing the judgment value(s) into an average preparation buffer BF; obtaining an average value of the judgment value(s) stored in the average preparation buffer BF when the vehicle stops; writing the average value and the number of the judgment values into a nonvolatile memory 2e; expanding the average value written in the nonvolatile memory 2e into the average preparation buffer BF in duplicate corresponding to the number of the judgment values after the start of a drive of the vehicle; and calculating an average value of a prescribed number of judgment values stored in the average preparation buffer BF so as to compare the average value with a threshold value.

Abstract: Altimeters correct themselves by analysing pressure data to identify underlying climatic changes and modify sensed pressures accordingly to provide corrected altitude values. The detected underlying climatic changes are used to provide a barometer function independent of altitude changes. The climatic changes can be tropical or temperate. Various locations can be stored in the altimeter. A plot of the modified pressures can be displayed.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus using time domain reflectometry to determine electrical properties of concrete for calculating physical and mechanical properties of the concrete that are indicative of concrete quality and durability. The dielectric constant of a concrete is determined to calculate the gravimetric water content of the concrete for use in finding the water-cement ratio of the concrete. Electrical conductivity of curing concrete is determined to calculate compressive strength of the concrete for use in predicting strength development in the concrete.