Abstract: A method is described that includes obtaining a multicomponent seismic data set for a subterranean region of interest and determining, using a computer processor, a PP stacked time-domain seismic image and a PS stacked time-domain seismic image from the multicomponent seismic data set. The method further includes transforming a recording-time axis of at least one of the PP stacked time-domain seismic image and the PS stacked time-domain seismic image to produce a pair of coarsely-registered PP and PS seismic images and filtering at least one of the pair to produce a pair of spectrally-matched PP and PS seismic images. Further, the method includes dynamically warping at least one of the pair of spectrally-matched PP and PS seismic images to produce a pair of fully-registered PP and PS seismic images.

Abstract: A process for generating a velocity model for a sediment-basement interface of a subsurface region includes receiving seismic data representing acoustic signals that are reflected from regions of the subsurface. The process includes receiving potential fields data comprising potential field values that are mapped to locations in the subsurface. The process includes generating weighted time-depth data pairs. The process includes selecting a velocity model that relates a velocity value to a depth value in a time-depth relationship. The process includes optimizing velocity coefficients of the velocity model by determining, for each velocity model of a set, a set of depth estimates for corresponding time values and comparing the set of depth estimates to depth values of the weighted time-depth data pairs. The process includes adjusting the velocity coefficients of the velocity model. The process includes generating a seismic image of the sediment-basement interface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of providing a geologic model representing geologic features based on geologic measurement dataset constituted by a number of data points sampled in a chosen region.

Abstract: A method includes receiving, via a processor, a first seismic dataset generated using a first type of survey system. The method further includes receiving, via the processor, a second seismic dataset generated using a second type of survey system. The method additionally includes determining a frequency band in which to combine the first seismic dataset with the second seismic dataset to generate a combined dataset and generating a seismic image based upon the combined dataset, wherein the seismic image represents hydrocarbons in a subsurface region of the Earth or subsurface drilling hazards.

Abstract: A method for generating a seismic image representing a subsurface includes receiving seismic data for the subsurface formation, including receiver wavelet data and source wavelet data. Source wavefield data are generated based on a forward modeling of the source wavelet data. Receiver wavefield data are generated that compensate for distortions in the seismic data by: applying a dispersion-only model to the receiver wavelet data to generate a first reconstructed back-propagated receiver wavefield portion, applying a dissipation-only model to the receiver wavelet data to generate a second reconstructed back-propagated receiver wavefield portion, and combining the first back-propagated receiver wavefield portion and the second back-propagated receiver wavefield portion into the receiver wavefield data.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method includes receiving a plurality of expert datasets representing computer-generated beliefs; generating respective expert tensors for each expert dataset; fusing each of the respective expert tensors into a final result tensor, wherein the final result tensor represents the simultaneous fusing of the plurality of expert datasets; and storing or outputting the final result for use in an application.

Abstract: A chronostratigraphic database comprising a plurality of discrete data points, wherein each data point comprises an x, y, z and T value, wherein x, y, and z are Cartesian coordinates describing a position and T is a geologic time event relative to said position; a method to produce a chronostratigraphic database and to utilize the database; and a modeling system wherein the database includes data formatted and arranged for use with a computer-implemented method or web-based method for controlling serving of an advertisement or public service message using its relevancy to a request.

Abstract: A method for hydrocarbon exploration based on imaging tunnel valleys is disclosed. The method includes obtaining a 3D seismic volume data corresponding to a target formation having at least one tunnel valley, interpreting a key horizon at or above the target formation as preparation for paleo-depositional environment restoration, flattening and decimating the 3D seismic volume data using the key horizon for paleo-depositional environment restoration to obtain a conditioned 3D seismic volume data, analyzing the conditioned 3D seismic volume data for frequency content and decomposing the conditioned 3D seismic volume data into at least three attributes, blending the at least three attributes to form a single seismic volume data to illuminate key features, and displaying, on a map, a distribution of the tunnel valleys in the 3D seismic volume data of the target formation.

Abstract: Implementations for monitoring seismic data recorded in a marine survey of a subterranean formation for coverage gaps are described herein. Implementations include computing Fresnel sum operators for Fresnel zones of the subterranean formation based on a Kirchhoff migration impulse response at horizons of a representative plane layer model of a survey area of the subterranean formation. Implementations also include computing an acceptability map of the survey area based on the Fresnel sum operators. The acceptability map reveals coverage gaps in the survey area. Geoscientist may use the acceptability map to infill seismic data in areas of the survey area that correspond to the coverage gaps.

Abstract: Seismic data is deblended by performing, for each receiver, a first inversion and a second inversion in a transform domain. The first inversion is formulated to minimize a number of non-zero coefficients of the first inversion result. A sub-domain of the transform domain is defined by vectors of a transform domain basis for which the first inversion has yielded the non-zero coefficients. The second inversion is performed in this sub-domain. The solution of the second inversion is used to extract deblended seismic datasets corresponding to each of the distinct signals, from the seismic data.

Abstract: Systems, processes, and computer-readable media for determining lithology porosity of a formation rock from surface drilling parameters using a lithology porosity machine learning model without the use of wireline logging. Lithology porosity at different depths in existing may be determined from the wireline logs. The lithology porosity may be shaly sand, tight sand, porous gas, or porous wet. The lithology porosity machine-learning model may be trained and calibrated using the data from a structured data set having surface drilling parameters from the existing wells and lithology porosity classifications from the wells. The lithology porosity machine learning model may then be used to determine a lithology porosity classification for a new well without the use of wireline logging.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a microseismic wireless monitoring, receiving and early warning system of rock, which is connected with microseismic intelligent acquisition and data wireless transmission systems of rocks through a satellite.

Abstract: Systems and methods for determining a numerical age for new geological events within a new scheme by ordering relations between geological events within a new scheme and/or within a new scheme and a preexisting scheme into a preferred hierarchy, dynamically excluding lower relations in the preferred hierarchy that conflict with higher relations due to irreconcilable ages of the relations, and using the ordered relations remaining in the preferred hierarchy to determine a numerical age for the new geological events within the new scheme.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a microseismic intelligent acquisition and data wireless transmission system of rock. The microseismic intelligent acquisition and data wireless transmission system of rock comprises a data acquisition and intelligent process module, used for acquiring an original microseismic signal and intelligently processing the original microseismic signal to obtain a timed second microseismic signal data packet; a wireless transmission module, connected with the data acquisition and intelligent process module. The data acquisition and intelligent process module transmits the timed second microseismic signal data packet to a satellite in a wireless manner through the wireless transmission module such that the satellite receives and stores the timed second microseismic signal data packet.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, to generate a custom seismic surface and volume attribute. In one aspect, a method includes receiving a seismic cube and a seismic surface, and the seismic cube includes traces recorded at receivers deployed to collect seismic data. The seismic surface is picked on the seismic cube. Seismic wavelets are extracted with a selected length from the seismic cube along an intersection with the seismic surface for each spatial coordinate associated with the seismic surface. A reference wavelet is determined. A surface attribute map is generated based on comparing each of the seismic wavelets to the reference wavelet. A productivity of the seismic surface is evaluated using the surface attribute map.

Abstract: Systems, computer-readable media, and methods for generating machine learning training data by obtaining reservoir data, determining subsections of the reservoir data, labeling the subsections of the reservoir data to generate labeled reservoir data, and feeding the labeled reservoir data into an artificial neural network. The reservoir data can be labeled using analysis data or based on interpretive input from an interpreter.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for associating a standard numerical age to an attribute of geological data from disparate locations. Exemplary implementations may include generating a standardized geological age dataset by standardizing geological data to a global reference age based on a dimension of the geological data, a local geotemporal marker, and a dimension to age function; and storing the standardized geological age dataset.

Abstract: Methods and systems for adjusting migration gather are disclosed. A method for adjusting migration gather may include generating a first migration gather based on acquired seismic data. The method may also include generating a compensation volume based on reference data produced utilizing a reference seismic model. The method may further include applying the compensation volume to adjust the first migration gather.

Abstract: A method and a system for implementing the method are disclosed wherein the source wavelet, input parameter models, and seismic input data may be obtained from a non-flat surface, sometimes mild, or foothill topography as well as the shot and receiver lines might not necessarily be straight, and often curve to avoid obstacles on the land surface. In particular, the method and system disclosed, suppresses low wavenumber and low frequency noises, by balancing lateral and vertical amplitudes to produce an image of subsurface reflectors located within a survey area having higher lateral resolutions and wavenumbers, as well as higher high-cut frequencies, and lower low-cut frequencies in complex media, than could otherwise not be achieved by other methods commonly known in the art.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes methods and systems, including computer-implemented methods, computer program products, and computer systems for direct gas reservoir detection using frequency amplitude. One computer-implemented method includes spectrally decomposing seismic data associated with a target area into a plurality of mono-frequency volumes. Further, the method includes based on a low-frequency volume of the plurality of volumes, generating a low frequency map of the target area. Yet further, the method includes based on a high-frequency volume of the plurality of volumes, generating a high frequency map of the target area. Additionally, the method includes dividing the low frequency map by the high frequency map to generate a frequency ratio map. The method also includes using the frequency ratio map to identify a subsurface gas reservoir in the target area.

Abstract: Marine surveys carried out with multiple source arrays comprising three or more sources are discussed. Each source of a multiple source array is an array of source elements, such as air guns. The sources of a multiple source array may be arranged in particular type of configuration that is effectively maintained while the survey vessel travels a sail line. The sources of the multiple source array are activated to acoustically illuminate a subterranean formation with acoustic signals. Two or more sources of a multiple source array may be activated to create blended seismic data. Methods to deblend, source deghost, and attenuate noise in the blended seismic data obtained by using a multiple source array are also discussed.

Abstract: A system for seismic imaging of a subterranean geological formation uses a two-way imaging condition. A seismic signal is emitted into a subterranean formation and recorded at receiver(s). Source and receiver wavefields are decomposed into respective right-down/left-up and left-down/right-up propagating waves. The right-down/left-up and left-down/right-up direction can be defined along the direction emitted from the source or receiver to corresponding direction in two dimensional (2D) case. An imaging condition for generating both a positive-dip structure image and a negative-dip structure image is the inner product of the wavefields. Applying the sample-by-sample multiplication imaging condition to the opposite dip images, the diffraction energy is retained while the reflection energy is significantly attenuated. The diffraction image can be used to detect faults and fractures in subsurface regions.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method of high-resolution amplitude-preserving seismic imaging for a subsurface reflectivity model, including: performing reverse time migration (RTM) to obtain an initial imaging result, performing Born forward modeling on the initial imaging result to obtain seismic simulation data, and performing RTM on the seismic simulation data to obtain a second imaging result; performing curvelet transformation on the two imaging results, performing pointwise estimation in a curvelet domain, and using a Wiener solution that matches two curvelet coefficients as a solution of a matched filter; and applying the estimated matched filter to the initial imaging result to obtain a high-resolution amplitude-preserving seismic imaging result.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an automated interpretation workflow for smooth surface wrapping of an imaged volume. The methods use a volume attribute to classify data into regions corresponding to feature/uncertain/non-feature parts and use smoothing through the uncertain parts to connect the clear boundaries of the feature. Any volume attribute can be used as long as feature/uncertain/non-feature categories can be identified in terms of continuous or discontinuous threshold values or ranges. The workflow can be combined with interpretation of well-defined boundary parts to resolve uncertainty and can be used with both explicit single-z and implicit multi-z (level set) boundary representations.

Abstract: A method of low-frequency seismic data enhancement for improving the characterization precision of a deep carbonate reservoir includes: first performing inversions on an input seismic data set to obtain the corresponding reflection coefficients and average seismic wavelet; then constructing a seismic wavelet with rich low-frequency information; and finally, performing convolution on the seismic wavelet with rich low-frequency information and the reflection coefficients to obtain seismic data with rich low-frequency information and enhanced low-frequency energy. In the present invention, changes of the seismic data in a work area in transverse and longitudinal directions are taken into consideration, and processing parameters can be quickly determined according to actual conditions of the work area to obtain an optimal processing effect.

Abstract: A method includes receiving seismic data of a seismic survey; defining a two-dimensional domain in dimensions x and y; identifying a target trace (S, R) of the seismic survey where S represents a source at (xs, ys) and where R represents a receiver at (XR, yR); defining with respect to the two-dimensional domain, a source trace (S, X1) as a primary trace, a receiver trace (R, X2) as a primary trace, and a generator trace (X1, X2) as associated with an interbed multiple generator; convolving the primary traces and crosscorrelating with the generator trace for a plurality of different (X1, X2) pairs where each of the plurality of (X1, X2) pairs defines a line segment where the line segments are substantially parallel to one another; and, based at least in part on the convolving the primary traces and crosscorrelating with the generator trace, generating seismic data with attenuated multiple energy.

Abstract: A method of compressing data from seismic waves using Gabor frames utilizes a plurality of geophones positioned within a region of interest. Each of the plurality of geophones is communicably coupled with at least one remote server. Thus, a plurality of reflected-seismic signals received through the plurality of geophones can be transmitted to the at least one remote server for analyzing and calculations. The plurality of reflected-seismic signals is converted into a set of Gabor frames, wherein the Gabor frames is generated via a plurality of prolate spheroidal wave functions (PSWF). A Gabor frame-generating calculation module utilizes the plurality of PSWF to generate the set of Gabor frames. A dual frame for each of the set of Gabor frames is derived and used for quantization purposes. Preferably, a tree structured vector quantization process is followed.

Abstract: Power trunk conductors 30 of a trunk cable 12 and power branch conductors 37 of a branch cable 13 are electrically connected to each other by a first trunk-side bus bar 56, fuses, and a first branch-side bus bar 60. Signal trunk conductors 31 of the trunk cable 12 and signal branch conductors 38 of the branch cable 13 are electrically connected to each other by the relay bus bars 64.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes, for each of a plurality of channels at a well site, converting channel data from a source data format to a common data format in real-time as the channel data is generated. The common data format includes a plurality of elements organized into a plurality of sets. Each element includes a minimum collection of fields. The method further includes, for each of the plurality of channels, storing the converted channel data in a data store as part of the at least one element.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating an image of a subsurface region including obtaining geophysical data/properties for the subsurface region; resampling the geophysical data/properties to generate a resampled data set; iteratively (a) inverting the resampled data set with an initial prior model to generate a new model; and (b) updating the new model based on learned information to generate an updated prior model; substituting the initial prior model in each iteration with the updated prior model from an immediately-preceding iteration; and determining an end point for the iteration. A final updated model may thereby be obtained, which may be used in managing hydrocarbons. Inversion may be based upon linear physics for the first one or more iterations, while subsequent iterations may be based upon non-linear physics.

Abstract: An acquisition system includes a first acquisition and quantizer unit, a second acquisition and quantizer unit as well as a trigger unit. The first and second acquisition and quantizer units are configured to receive a respective interleaved digitized input signal, to acquire the respective interleaved digitized input signal, to quantize the respective interleaved digitized input signal, and to output a respective quantized interleaved digitized input signal. The trigger unit is configured to receive the respective quantized interleaved digitized input signals from the first and second acquisition and quantizer units. The trigger unit is further configured to de-interleave the respective quantized interleaved digitized input signals. The trigger unit is configured to generate a de-interleaved quantized digitized input signal. The trigger unit is also configured to detect an event in the de-interleaved quantized digitized input signal. Further, a method of acquiring a high bandwidth input signal is described.

Abstract: A method includes receiving information that defines a three-dimensional subterranean structure; splitting the three-dimensional subterranean structure into portions; generating convex hulls for the portions; and generating a discrete fracture network based at least in part on the convex hulls.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for seismic event localization includes: generating, with at least one processor, a vectorized snapshot matrix representing wave propagation data at a series of snapshots in time for a subterranean formation; computing a reduced orthonormal column basis matrix based on the vectorized snapshot matrix; constructing a reduced order wave propagation model based on the reduced orthonormal column basis matrix; receiving seismic data collected from a plurality of receivers at the subterranean formation; generating a time-domain coefficient matrix based on back propagation of the received seismic data and the reduced order wave propagation model; reconstructing time-reversed wavefield data based on the time-domain coefficient vector; and generating signals for outputting wavefield or seismic event location information based on the time-reversed wavefield data.

Abstract: A method is described for identifying source rocks in a subsurface volume of interest. The method may include generating a trend-normalized reflectivity seismic attribute and calculating the location, thickness, organic richness and thermal maturity of the potential source rocks based on seismic data. The method may be executed by a computer system.

Abstract: A method and device for preparing karst caves based on 3D printing technology. The method includes the following steps: determining size of a sample according to test requirements, constructing a 3D karst cave digital model based on three-dimensional karst cave scanning result, and carrying out 3D printing by using alloy to form primary karst cave sample; preparing rock similar material mixture according to proportioning scheme; pouring mixture into sample mold while burying karst cave model into mixture according to position of a karst cave; curing sample together with mold at room temperature until rock similar materials get hardened, removing mold, curing formed karst cave rock sample at constant temperature and constant humidity and then baking or heating same by electrifying heating wire in alloy to form rock sample with hollow karst cave; and filling hollow karst cave with different fillings to form different type of karst cave sample.

Abstract: A method can include receiving seismic image data of a geologic region and interpretation information of the seismic image data for a geologic feature in the geologic region, where the seismic image data include a geologic feature class imbalance; shifting the geologic feature class imbalance toward a class of the geologic feature by increasing the spatial presence of the geologic feature in the seismic image data to generate training data; and training a neural network using the training data to generate a trained neural network.

Abstract: A method can include receiving a node-based mesh that represents a geologic environment and a structural feature in the geologic environment; defining a node-based parameter space for structural uncertainty of nodes that represent the structural feature in the geologic environment; defining a hull with respect to nodes of a portion of the mesh where the hull encompasses at least a portion of nodes that represent the structural feature; for a system of equations, imposing boundary conditions on the nodes of the hull and on the at least a portion of the nodes that represent the structural feature; solving the system of equations for a displacement field; and generating a structural uncertainty realization of the node-based mesh based at least in part on the displacement field.

Abstract: Systems and methods for identifying anomalies in a subterranean formation based on seismic attributes include: receiving a seismic cube and a seismic surface, wherein the seismic cube includes traces recorded at receivers deployed to collect seismic data, and the seismic surface is picked on the seismic cube; extracting seismic wavelets with a selected length from the seismic cube along an intersection with the seismic surface for each spatial coordinate associated with the seismic surface; determining a population trend of the seismic wavelets; and generating a attribute map based on comparing each of the seismic wavelets to the population trend.

Abstract: A method of generating target-oriented acquisition-imprint-free prestack angle gathers using common focus point (CFP) operators includes receiving a plurality of seismic traces associated with a target point in a reservoir. A first angle domain common image gather (ADCIG) is generated based on the received plurality of seismic traces. A plurality of synthetic traces associated with the target point is generated. A second ADCIG is generated based on the synthetic traces. An enhanced ADCIG is generated using the first ADCIG and the second ADCIG.

Abstract: A method for inversion of 4D seismic data, including: determining time shift between baseline and monitor geophysical datasets; determining time strain from the time shift; iteratively repeating until a stopping criteria is satisfied, performing an iterative elastic AVO inversion with a 4D difference providing an update, from an initial model including the time strain, to generate an updated time strain and an updated physical property model, wherein the stopping criteria is a misfit between synthetic data generated from the updated physical property model and the 4D difference being within a predetermined noise level generating final values for the physical property model; and converting, with a rock physics model or a reservoir simulation model, the final values to saturation and/or pressure changes for a subsurface region.

Abstract: A method including: storing, in a computer memory, geophysical data obtained from a survey of a subsurface region; and extracting, with a computer, a subsurface physical property model by processing the geophysical data with one or more convolutional neural networks, which are trained to relate the geophysical data to at least one subsurface physical property consistent with geological prior information.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, to identify geobodies for exploration and production activities.

Abstract: A procedure that integrates petrophysics and rock typing taken from vertical well measurements, 3D seismic elastic properties and seismic attributes, and geostatistical modeling to build a 3D reservoir model is provided. The 3D reservoir model may be directly incorporated into horizontal fracture model designs. The developed 3D reservoir model for a subsurface volume may be used in a fracture model to optimize fracturing designs and maximize well performance.

Abstract: In some implementations, airborne electromagnetic (AEM) data and seismic data for a geographic region including sand dunes are received, and the AEM data identifies apparent resistivity as a function of depth within the sand dunes. An inversion with cross-domain regularization is calculated of the AEM data and the seismic data to generate a velocity-depth model, and the velocity depth model identifies velocity variations within the sand dunes. A seismic image using the velocity-depth model is generated.

Abstract: A method is described for generating a reservoir property model based on the quality of a seismic inversion product. The method may include receiving a seismic inversion product volume, a seismic attribute volume, and well data from wells drilled in a subsurface volume of interest; identifying collocated cells in the seismic volumes which correspond to the well data; creating attribute vectors from the seismic volumes in each of the collocated cells and a range of neighboring cells; calculating a seismic inversion error magnitude property at the collocated cells; training a data analytics method to predict the observed seismic inversion error magnitude property; verifying that the data analytics method accurately predicts the seismic inversion error magnitude using cross-validation; generating an inversion quality volume; and generating the reservoir property model based on the inversion quality volume. The method may be executed by a computer system.

Abstract: One method disclosed includes determining a map of markers fixed in an environment, where the map of markers includes a location and an orientation of each marker. The method further includes determining locations of a set of detected markers relative to the map based on a location of a robotic device relative to the map and based on sensor data from the robotic device. The method also includes associating a detected marker from the set of detected markers with a mapped marker based on the determined location of the detected marker relative to the map and based on a visibility constraint related to the orientation of the mapped marker. The method additionally includes adjusting, in the map, the orientation of the mapped marker based on the determined location of the detected marker relative to the map.

Abstract: Methods (700) and devices (600) for seismic data processing estimate (720) signal-to-noise ratios of data in a spatio-temporal block of data, determine (730) data-domain weights associated to the data based on the estimated signal-to-noise ratios, and then generate (740) a model of the signal and/or a model of the noise using the data-domain weights.

Abstract: A process to create a well grid from an initial x, y grid spacing, by assigning x, y, z datapoints, from wells from a dataset of well data comprising attributes associated with the x, y, z datapoints, to closest x, y nodes in the grid, wherein the x, y, z datapoints from a plurality of the wells are iteratively spaced away from the closest x, y grid nodes until no more than one well is assigned to any single-well x, y grid node, and populating the respective single-well x, y grid nodes with the attributes associated with the assigned x, y, z datapoints to form a matrix of x, y, z grid nodes populated with the attributes to generate a 3D well log grid.

Abstract: A geometric method is described for 3D structural restoration of a subsurface model including receiving data representative of a subsurface volume of interest including one or more chronohorizons and the geometry and topology of any faults of relevance; developing a fault framework model of the subsurface volume of interest; selecting a horizon, the deposition of which represents the geologic time to which the structural model should be restored; developing coordinate transformation constrained by a single datum horizon and, optionally, additional geologic constraints; applying the 3D transformation to all geologic features below and, optionally, above the datum surface; and scaling the vertical coordinates to accurately relate vertical and horizontal dimensions. The method may be executed by a computer system.

Abstract: In one aspect, a method includes continuously combining seismic migration results using a massively parallel processing (MPP) database. In another aspect, an apparatus includes electronic hardware circuitry configured to continuously combine seismic migration results using a massively parallel processing (MPP) database. In a further aspect, an article includes a non-transitory computer-readable medium that stores computer-executable instructions. The instructions cause a machine to continuously combine seismic migration results using a massively parallel processing (MPP) database.