Abstract: A method of determining whether service is needed on a solar array includes gathering current data with regard to current solar array performance and environmental conditions, collecting weather data, accessing a storage for historical performance data, using the current data, weather data and historical data to generate a predicted performance, comparing the predicted performance to the current solar array performance data to determine if service is needed and generate comparison data, and analyzing the comparison data to determine a type of service needed, if service is needed.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a medical image diagnostic apparatus includes a storage memory, processing circuitry, and a display. The storage memory stores data of a plurality of FFR distribution maps constituting a time series regarding a coronary artery, and data of a plurality of morphological images corresponding to the time series. The processing circuitry converts the plurality of FFR distribution maps into a plurality of corresponding color maps, respectively. The display displays a plurality of superposed images obtained by superposing the plurality of color maps and the plurality of morphological images respectively corresponding in phase to the plurality of color maps. The display restricts display targets for the plurality of color maps based on the plurality of FFR distribution maps or the plurality of morphological images.

Abstract: A method and device for determining an insulation variable of a network. The method may comprise measuring a first voltage at the network, connecting the auxiliary system to the network, measuring a second voltage at the network, disconnecting the auxiliary system from the network, measuring a third voltage at the network, and determining the insulation variable based on the first voltage, the second voltage, and the third voltage.

Abstract: A display device having an integrated capacitive sensing device includes receiver electrodes disposed on a back side of a color filter glass. Transmitter electrodes of the capacitive sensing device are configured with a size and geometry that reduces the capacitive coupling between the transmitter and receiver electrodes. The transmitter electrodes may be made of one or more prongs or segments from a segmented common electrode.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for operating an input device having a touch sensor and associated display device is discussed. While performing touch sensing, inactive transmitter electrodes of the touch sensor are electrically floated, and one or more source lines from the display device are operated to achieve shielding against interference, such as that coming from a backlight underneath the touch sensor.

Abstract: A measuring apparatus for measuring a substrate concentration by using a sensor including an enzyme reagent layer includes a state detecting unit that applies a first voltage and a second voltage different from the first voltage to the sensor to detect a state of the enzyme reagent layer based on a difference between a first response current value obtained under application of the first voltage and a second response current value obtained under application of the second voltage.

Abstract: A processing system for a capacitive sensing device, including: a sensor module coupled to multiple sensor electrodes and configured to receive multiple resulting signals from the multiple sensor electrodes, where the multiple electrodes includes a first sensor electrode, a second sensor electrode adjacent to the first second electrode, a third sensor electrode adjacent to the first sensor electrode and the second sensor electrode, and a fourth sensor electrode adjacent to the third sensor electrode; and a determination module configured to: determine, based on the multiple resulting signals, first differential capacitive sensing data between the first sensor electrode and the second sensor electrode; determine, based on the multiple resulting signals, second differential capacitive sensing data between the third sensor electrode and the fourth sensor electrode; and determine user contact information based on at least one of the first differential capacitive sensing data and the second differential capacitive

Abstract: A drive device for a vehicle, in particular a rail vehicle, includes a set of drive units each having at least one electric traction motor and a power generation unit which is provided for generating power for the traction motor, and a set of motor contactor units each being assigned to a traction motor. In order to provide a type of drive device which has a high availability in the event of a failure, has few structural elements and can be produced economically, at least one motor contactor unit includes at least one switching device which is connected between the power generation unit for the associated traction motor and a feed point.

Abstract: A novel method for real-time small-signal stability analysis for power electronic-based components in a power system. The method may be used to monitor a power system in real-time by perturbing the source side of an electronic-based component of the power system of about 0.5 to 1 percent of a nominal current of the power system at the source side using shunt current injection, and perturbing the load side of the power electronic-based component by varying the voltage at the load side using series voltage injection. Time-domain results of the perturbations may be transferred to frequency-domain results and the stability of the power system may be monitored by obtaining a Nyquist contour and employing unit circuit criterion or Generalized Nyquist Criterion.

Abstract: A novel method for real-time small-signal stability analysis within the instability borders for power electronic-based components in a power system. The method may be used to monitor a power system in real-time by perturbing the source side of an electronic-based component of the power system of about 0.5 to 1 percent of a nominal current of the power system at the source side, and perturbing the load side of the power electronic-based component by varying the voltage at the load side. Time-domain results of the perturbations may be transferred to frequency-domain results and the stability of the power system may be monitored by obtaining a Nyquist contour and employing unit circuit criterion or Generalized Nyquist Criterion.

Abstract: An electronic system, or its battery thermal management system, determines a thermal state of a battery used in the electronic system. A temperature at a position proximate the battery's cell is sensed during operation of the electronic system to produce a sensed value. Additionally, a temperature offset value is determined based on an aging factor for the battery. The sensed value is then adjusted based on the offset value to produce an adjusted value representative of the thermal state of the battery. According to one embodiment, a relationship between temperature offset value and battery aging factor is prestored in a memory of the electronic system. In such a case, the offset value may be retrieved from memory periodically or in response to a trigger event based on a determined aging factor. According to another embodiment, the offset value may be computed in real time based on a determined aging factor.

Abstract: A correlation between noise injection time at which a power supply noise signal is applied to a clock path and a path delay of the clock path at the time of the power supply noise signal being applied is acquired. Furthermore, noise injection time width based on a clock signal inputted from a circuit arranged before the clock path to the clock path is set. The differences between path delays within the set noise injection time width are calculated by the use of the acquired correlation and the maximum value of the differences is estimated to be clock jitter of the clock path. The estimated clock jitter is smaller than the worst value and overestimation is prevented.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for electrical power system stability optimization. An electrical power system comprising source elements and load elements is simulated to generate impedance data, wherein the impedance data identifies an impedance of the electrical power system. A stability profile of the electrical power system is characterized as a function of the impedance data, wherein the stability profile identifies the source elements and load elements to control power generation by the electrical power system to optimize stability of the electrical power system.

Abstract: Apparatus, system, and method for adaptive charging compliance control are disclosed. A charging station wirelessly charges a vehicle in compliance with emissions regulations. A controller in the charging station obtains information regarding the characteristics of an incoming vehicle and accesses a maximum regulation-compliant power level database based on the vehicle information obtained and determines conditions of the vehicle parked at the charging station. The controller determines and delivers the maximum power level to wirelessly charge the vehicle while maintaining the level of field emissions no greater than the regulatory limit.

Abstract: A system for different electric loads includes sensors structured to sense voltage and current signals for each of the different electric loads; a hierarchical load feature database having a plurality of layers, with one of the layers including a plurality of different load categories; and a processor. The processor acquires voltage and current waveforms from the sensors for a corresponding one of the different electric loads; maps a voltage-current trajectory to a grid including a plurality of cells, each of which is assigned a binary value of zero or one; extracts a plurality of different features from the mapped grid of cells as a graphical signature of the corresponding one of the different electric loads; derives a category of the corresponding one of the different electric loads from the database; and identifies one of a plurality of different electric load types for the corresponding one of the different electric loads.

Abstract: The touch panel includes a panel capacitor, a first circuit, a first capacitor, a second circuit and a controlling circuit. The first capacitor is coupled to the panel capacitor. The first circuit transmits a scan signal to the panel capacitor. The second circuit transmits an inverting signal to the first capacitor. The inverting signal is synchronized with the scan signal, a frequency of the inverting signal is identical to a frequency of the scan signal, and the inverting signal is phase-inverted from the scan signal. The controlling circuit outputs a touch signal in response to a voltage at a terminal of the panel capacitor, in which the touch signal is configured to estimate a capacitance of the panel capacitor.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for measuring net charge density of membrane and apparatus thereof. The method measures the net charge density of a membrane by utilizing the relation between the mechanical pressure difference applied across the membrane and the generated streaming potential or the relation between the applied electric field and the generated electroosmotic flow. The present invention also provides a method and an apparatus for measuring the resistance of a membrane.

Abstract: An analyzer comprises a particle system acquisition unit operative to acquire information on a particle system defined in a virtual space; a magnetic moment association unit operative to associate a particle in the particle system with a magnetic moment; a numerical operation unit operative to perform numerical operation according to a governing equation that governs a motion of each particle in the particle system, the particle system including the particle which is associated with the magnetic moment by the magnetic moment association unit; and a magnetic field calculation unit operative to calculate a magnetic field created by the particle system using the results of the numerical operation performed by the numerical operation unit.

Abstract: An analog-switch circuit (1) having: a resistor (R1); a resistor (R2); a CMOS analog switch (S1) in which a first end is connected to an input end (Vin) via the resistor (R1), and a second end is connected to an output end (Vout); and a CMOS analog switch (S2), in which a first end is connected to the first end of the analog switch (S1), and a second end is connected to a ground end via the resistor (R2). The CMOS analog switch (S2) is turned on or off in antiphase to the analog switch (S1).

Abstract: A computer-readable medium stores a magnetic substrate simulation program causing a computer to execute a process that includes calculating an effective magnetic field for each area of an element in the magnetic substrate, when magnetization of each area changes and based on a magnetic field generated from magnetic energy in each area and a rate of change of magnetization working in a direction inhibiting change in the average magnetization of the areas; obtaining for each area and based on the calculated effective magnetic fields and magnetization of each area, changes in magnetization and calculating for each area, magnetization after the changes; judging based on magnetization of each area before and after the changes, whether magnetization in the element converges; and storing a combination of the average magnetization of the areas for which magnetization in the given element converges and a static magnetic field based on the average magnetization.

Abstract: A condition input device inputs a measurement condition and the information of an electronic apparatus to be measured. A measurement operation program device selects a program that causes the electronic apparatus to perform an measurement operation based on the information of a measuring target object and the measurement condition. A voltage measurement device measures a voltage variation generated by the power source of the electronic apparatus. A wave form calculating device performs an arithmetic processing, such as a filtering processing or a time-frequency conversion (e.g. Fourier conversion) for the measured voltage variation to obtain the frequency characteristics of the voltage variation. An impedance calculating device calculates an impedance from the frequency characteristics of the voltage variation and the frequency characteristics of current and the condition of the measurement operation program.

Abstract: An automation device having a plurality of modules, where at least one first module is configured to supply the other modules electrical power and a second module is configured to determine the total power requirement of the automation device, wherein the second module determines the total power requirement from the information relating to the power requirement of the respective module, which information is stored in the other modules, and compares the total power requirement with a threshold value and initiates measures for reducing the power requirement of at least one of the other modules based on the comparison result to prevent an overload due to improper or inappropriate installation of the automation device in a switchgear cabinet and resultant reduced air convection.

Abstract: To provide an I-V characteristic measuring apparatus that can, even though a solar simulator of a flash light type is used, accurately measure a true I-V characteristic of a solar cell that exhibits a different I-V characteristic depending on a sweep direction when a sweep time of applied voltage is short, an internal division ratio calculation part that, at each voltage value, calculates an internal division ratio at which a current value of a dark state stationary I-V characteristic internally divides a gap between a current value of a dark state forward I-V characteristic and a current value of a dark state reverse I-V characteristic; and a light state stationary I-V characteristic estimation and calculation part that, on the basis of the internal division ratio, a light state forward I-V characteristic, and a light state reverse I-V characteristic, estimates and calculates a light state stationary I-V characteristic are provided.

Abstract: An A.C. power measuring apparatus includes a voltage detecting unit that detects voltage waveforms of each of phases of a set of insulated cables for supplying a three-phase A.C. power to a load, by performing a contactless measurement by electrostatic capacitance coupling, and a current detecting unit that detects current waveforms of the set of insulated tables, by performing a contactless measurement by electromagnetic induction coupling. The apparatus further includes a processing unit that computes a power to be supplied to the load, based on line-to-line voltage waveforms, the current waveforms, and prescribed voltage values, by normalizing the voltage waveforms of each of the phases so that as amplitude ratio of the voltage waveforms becomes in accordance with a grounding type of the three-phase A.C. power, and obtaining the line-to-line voltages of the set of three insulated cables based on the normalized voltage waveforms of each of the phases.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device includes a bit line; two or more word lines; and a memory cell including two or more sub memory cells that each include a transistor and a capacitor. One of a source and a drain of the transistor is connected to the bit line, the other of the source and the drain of the transistor is connected to the capacitor, a gate of the transistor is connected to one of the word lines, and each of the sub memory cells has a different capacitance of the capacitor.

Abstract: The present inventors recognized a need to leverage the data from Advanced Metering Systems (AMIs) in the management of electrical outages. To address this and/or other needs, they present inventors devised, among other things, systems, methods, and software that not only intelligently filter and communicate AMI outage data to Outage Management Systems (OMSs), but also facilitate communications between OMSs and multiple types of AMI systems. One exemplary system includes an outage management module that receives AMI outage data in the form of “last gasp” messages from meters and determines whether the OMS is already aware of a power outage associated with those meters. If the OMS is already aware of an outage associated with these meters, the outage management module excludes the outage reports from its communications with the OMS, thereby preserving its capacity to handle new outage information and overcoming a significant obstacle to using AMI data within OMSs.

Abstract: A hearing aid compatible portable electronic audio device is configured to automatically determine whether or not the device is being used by a hearing impaired user who is wearing a hearing aid, and select a mode of operation based on this determination. The device includes a proximity sensor and a magnetic field sensor. The proximity sensor is used to detect a change in distance of the device to the user's ear. The magnetic field sensor is used to detect a change in magnetic field caused by the device moving relative to the hearing aid. The device selects between a normal audio mode of operation and a hearing aid compatible mode of operation based on both the change in detected distance and the change in detected magnetic field. Other embodiments are also described and claimed.

Abstract: A system for detecting cell failure within a battery pack based on variations in the measured electrical isolation resistance of the battery pack is provided. The system includes an electrical isolation resistance monitoring subsystem for monitoring the electrical isolation resistance of the battery pack; a system controller coupled to the isolation resistance monitoring subsystem that detects when the electrical isolation resistance falls below a preset value; and a cell failure response subsystem that performs a preset response upon receipt of a control signal from the system controller, where the control signal is transmitted when the electrical isolation resistance falls below the preset value. The system may include a secondary effect monitoring system, wherein the cell failure response subsystem performs the preset response when the electrical isolation resistance falls below the preset value and the secondary effect is detected by the secondary effect monitoring system.

Abstract: A magnetic body analyzing device includes a change amount calculation unit that calculates a change amount by which magnetization vectors arranged on an analysis target change for a predetermined period of time every time the predetermined period of time passes, a change amount cumulating unit that cumulates respective change amounts of the magnetization vectors calculated for each predetermined period of time every time the predetermined period of time passes, a change amount determination unit that determines whether a cumulated value of the cumulated change amounts of the magnetization vectors exceeds a predetermined change width, and a storing unit that records, in a storage unit, the magnetization vectors at a time point at which the cumulated value exceeds the change width when it is determined that the cumulated value exceeds the change width.

Abstract: An electrostatic coating plant coats components with a coating agent that is electrically charged by high voltage device. A first operating variable of a high voltage device may be determined and compared to a limit value. A safety measure may be initiated if the comparison between the first operating variable and the limit value indicates a disturbance in the electrostatic coating plant. The limit value may be flexibly adjusted depending on the operation mode.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and computer program wherein the method comprises: providing a first input signal to a sensor; measuring a first output signal provided from the sensor in response to the first input signal and calculating capacitance of the sensor from the first measured output signal; providing a second input signal to the sensor; measuring the output signal provided from the sensor in response to the second input signal and calculating resistance of the sensor from the second measured output signal; wherein the first and second input signals are provided at different times.

Abstract: Disclosed is a Hall Effect instrument with the capability of compensating for temperature drift consistently, accurately and in real time of operation. The instrument embodies a four-point ohmmeter circuit measuring Hall Effect sensor resistance and tracking the effect of temperature on the Hall Effect sensor. The instrument takes into account a relationship between the temperature and a temperature compensation index on a per probe basis, which has exhibited a deterministic difference observed by the present inventor.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate to electrical impedance tomography testing systems and methods for non-destructively testing a polycrystalline diamond element (e.g., a polycrystalline diamond table of a polycrystalline diamond compact or a freestanding polycrystalline diamond table) using electrical impedance tomography to locate one or more high-electrical-conductivity regions (e.g., one or more regions of poorly sintered diamond crystals and/or high-metal-solvent catalyst content) and/or one or more low-electrical-conductivity regions (e.g., porosity and/or cracks) in the tested polycrystalline diamond element. Further embodiments relate to a rotary drill bit including at least one polycrystalline diamond compact that has been selectively positioned so that one or more high-electrical-conductivity regions of a polycrystalline diamond table thereof identified using the non-destructive testing systems and methods disclosed herein are not positioned to engage a subterranean formation during drilling.

Abstract: The present invention addresses the problem of avoiding that wind turbine voltage levels within a wind power plant do not exceed predetermined overvoltage and/or undervoltage protection levels. In particular, the present invention relates to shifting of an output voltage level of a wind power plant in order to protect an internal power plant grid against overvoltages.

Abstract: An analyzer includes a magnetic moment application unit configured to apply a magnetic moment to a particle system defined in a virtual space, a magnetic field calculation unit configured to calculate a magnetic physical quantity related to the particle system including particles, to which the magnetic moment is applied by the magnetic moment application unit, and a particle state calculation unit configured to numerically calculate a governing equation, which governs the movement of each particle, using the calculation result in the magnetic field calculation unit. The magnetic field calculation unit numerically calculates an induction magnetic field using induced magnetization induced in each particle due to a time variation in an external magnetic field and a magnetic field obtained by interaction between magnetic moments based on the induced magnetization.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to methods, computer systems and computer program products for performing a dielectric reliability assessment for an advanced semiconductor. Embodiments include receiving data associated with a test of a macro of the advanced semiconductor to a point of dielectric breakdown. Embodiments also include scaling the data for the macro down to a reference area and extracting a parameter for a Weibull distribution from the scaled down data for the reference area. Embodiments further include deriving a cluster factor (?) from the scaled down data for the reference area and projecting a failure rate for a larger area of the advanced semiconductor based on the extracted parameter, the cluster factor and the recorded data associated with the dielectric breakdown of the macro.

Abstract: Synchronous measuring terminals 5 synchronously measure phasor quantity D101 of a voltage/current at respective measurement points 1 and 2. A data-set creating block 91 of a short-circuit capacity monitoring device 7 creates, for each measurement cycle ?t, a data set D102 containing n pieces of data based on the phasor quantities D101 of voltage and current. A phase correcting block 92 performs a phase correction on the phasor quantity using the data set D102 to create a data set D102?, and a backward impedance estimating block 93 estimates a backward impedance D103 using the data set D102?.

Abstract: Testing of electric vehicle charging stations (EVCS) is performed using a device operable in either or both an active mode and a passive mode. In an active mode, the device provides or is connected with a programmable load capable of emulating the load of an electrical vehicle (EV). In passive mode, the load is an EV with the device being arranged in series between the EVCS and EV. In either case, energy delivery from the EVCS to the load is monitored by the device to determine energy measurement and billing accuracy of the EVCS. This enables a comparison to be made between a measured value of energy delivered and a metered value of energy delivered as given by the EVCS. Other measurements and safety tests may also be performed by the device.

Abstract: A controller is coupled to a plurality of moisture sensors positioned within the grain bin at various spaced-apart locations. The controller determines a grain moisture level adjacent each moisture sensor and compares the grain moisture level to a predetermined maximum moisture level. The controller is coupled to a grain spreader that is configured to selectively distribute incoming grain into the grain bin and operates the spreader to distribute incoming grain to create a shortened airflow path through the grain that encompasses the moisture sensors having determined grain moisture levels above the predetermined maximum moisture level. The controller is coupled to a fan that is coupled to the grain bin and configured to provide airflow through the grain in the grain bin. The controller operates the fan to provide greater airflow through the grain along the shortened airflow path than is provided along airflow paths outside the shortened airflow path.

Abstract: A method of the measuring a critical dimension of a spacer is provided. The measurement is performed by using several test structures of measuring doping region resistance. Each of the test structure has different space disposed between a first gate line and a second gate line. By measuring a doping region resistance of each test structure, a plot of reciprocal of resistance versus space can be accomplished. Then, making regression of the plot, a correlation can be formed. Finally, a critical dimension of a spacer can be get by extrapolating the correlation back to 0 unit of reciprocal of resistance.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides systems and methods for calculating the flux in a core of an unloaded power transformer using current measurements taken from a capacitance-coupled voltage transformer (CCVT) attached to the same phase line as the power transformer. According to various embodiments, the current sensors may both be positioned at zero-voltage points in the CCVT, eliminating the need for high-voltage insulated current sensors. An intelligent electronic device (IED) may determine the magnetic flux within the core of the power transformer using the measured and/or derived currents through capacitive assemblies of the CCVT. The IED may calculate the residual flux in the power transformer when it is de-energized. The IED may use the calculated residual flux to facilitate an optimized re-energization of the power transformer, thereby reducing inrush currents during re-energization.

Abstract: A method for measuring a magnetic field via a Hall cross (12) including two orthogonal branches (120, 122), in which, for a given state of the Hall cross, a polarization current is made to flow in one of the branches of the Hall cross, referred to as the “polarization branch”, and a voltage is measured in the other branch, referred to as the “measurement branch”, the measured voltage including a useful signal representing the magnetic field, the method including the modulation of the useful signal via a switching sequence consisting in placing the Hall cross in Nb successive states, and the demodulation of the useful signal. The switching sequence is furthermore chosen in such a way that a measurement bias and interference pulses are zero-mean after demodulation. A switching Hall-effect sensor (10) is also described.

Abstract: A method for constructing a map of a magnetic field includes acquiring the map information including the information on the internal or external structure of the building; measuring the information on the magnetic field, using the measurer's electronic device; and associating the information on the magnetic field with the map information based on the schedule information, wherein the schedule information is generated based on the structure information or a command made by the measurer.

Abstract: A method for estimating the characteristic impedance of a structure comprising the following steps: providing a current probe comprising a magnetic core having an aperture therein and a primary winding wrapped around the core; measuring, with a calibrated vector network analyzer (VNA), the impedance (Zop) of the current probe while in an open configuration wherein nothing but air occupies the aperture and the current probe is isolated from a ground; measuring, with the VNA, the impedance (Zsh) of the current probe while in a short configuration, wherein the current probe is electrically shorted; measuring, with the VNA, the impedance (Zin) of the current probe while the current probe is mounted to the structure such that the structure extends through the aperture; and calculating an estimated characteristic impedance (Z?mast) of the structure according to the following equation: Z?mast=(Zin?Zsh)(Zop?Zsh)/(Zop?Zin).

Abstract: A capacitive sensor (20) includes a capacitive sensor field (2), the capacitive sensor field (2) having a plurality of discrete electrodes (4) which are coupled to discrete leads (8). The leads (8) of a first electrode (41) are guided such that they are capacitively coupled with at least one second electrode (42). A first signal (Cm1) is detected at a first lead (8) which is coupled with the first electrode (41), and a second signal (Cm2) is detected at a second lead (8) which is coupled with a second electrode (42). The capacity (Cf1, Cf2) of the first electrode (41) or of the second electrode (42) is determined using a predetermined calculation formula which takes the first signal (Cm1), the second signal (Cm2) and the capacitive coupling between the second electrode (4) and the first lead (8) coupled with the first electrode (41) into account.

Abstract: A device and method to measure the excitation characteristics of magnetic assemblies using reversible direct current and converting direct current excitation data to alternating current excitation data at any power frequency.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to determining process variations using device threshold sensitivities. A computing device determines first and second threshold voltages for first and second transistors, respectively, wherein the first and second transistors are included in an integrated circuit and are n-channel and p-channel field effect transistors, respectively. The computing device also determines process parameters that are associated with the integrated circuit using a combination of determined first and second threshold voltages, wherein the process parameter reflects random sensitivities, timing delay differences, timing delay and slew rate changes, and/or variations between low, high, and regular threshold voltages which are associated with the first and second transistors.

Abstract: A method for classifying electrical sheet is produced. The electrical sheet is used to produce an electrical machine and is available in the form of a strip roll wherein a magnetic flux that changes over time and that causes a shape change of the strip roll and magnetic losses is produced in the strip roll using an excitation winding fed by a feeding device, the shape change and/or the magnetic losses are measured using a measuring device and the measurement signal obtained is fed to an evaluation device, and the evaluation device categorizes the electrical sheet in regard to noise emission and/or magnetic losses using the measurement signal.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to systems and methods for determining sheet resistance values in a liquid crystal display (LCD) panel. In certain embodiments, a system for determining sheet resistance values in an LCD panel may include a display driver integrated circuit (IC). The display driver IC may include a first switch coupled to a first input/output (I/O) pad and a second I/O pad such that the first I/O pad is configured to couple to a voltage source and the second I/O pad is configured to couple to a current source. The display driver IC may also include a second switch coupled to a third I/O pad and the second I/O pad such that the second switch has substantially the same geometry as the first switch and the third I/O pad is configured to couple to a thin-film transistor (TFT) layer of the display panel.

Abstract: A touch panel or screen has a serpentine transmission line fabricated on a substrate, e.g., printed circuit board, LCD, plasma or LED screen, etc., and has a constant impedance. Touches to the touch panel will cause changes of impedance of the transmission line at the locations of the touches. Time domain reflectometry (TDR) is used for determining the locations of the changes of impedance of the transmission line by accurately measuring the return pulse times at the source of a plurality of pulses, and then converting the return pulse times to X-Y coordinates of the touch panel or screen.