Abstract: A method and apparatus for synchronizing presentation of multi-domain measurements using actual or quasi 3-D representation. The synchronization between data streams acquired in different measurement domains is performed by using timestamps, a common trigger event, or a common clock, or a combination of any or all of them. In this way, for example, a transient anomaly in the RF spectrum of a communications signal may be correlated with, and displayed with, a related corrupted data communications packet.

Abstract: A timing alignment or offset display shows the relationship between a reference signal and a test signal, in particular two analog or digital video signals. Timing extraction circuits derive a lower frequency signal synchronized to horizontal lines and a higher frequency signal synchronized to the pixel sampling rate. A reference time pulse is also derived from the reference signal. Two offsets are counted by determining a line count and a sample or clock cycle count between corresponding reference points in the test and reference signals. A coarse line count offset and a fine timing offset are thereby obtained and are displayed by movable markers on opposite sides of a scale line. The markers are centering and aligned when the frame/field alignment and the color and/or sample portions of the signals correspond in time. Tabular data, distinct coloring and alarms also are depicted.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for monitoring a system in which a datum-line display (11) is generated on a viewing screen (4) for at least one parameter of the system, comprising a baseline (14) that represents a base value for the parameter concerned, a continuous curve (15) that represents a variation with time of the values of the parameter concerned and is normal with respect to the baseline (14), and a deviation bar (16) that represents the instantaneous deviation between the base value and current parameter value and is normalized with respect to the baseline (14).

Abstract: A waveform editing program displays waveforms of different types generated from the same data on the same screen, so that the characteristics of the waveforms can be easy to know, and with improved operability in the waveform editing, desired waveforms can be easily generated. A waveform editing system has at least a display device to display waveforms on a screen and an input device enabling input operations. The waveform editing system can display a waveform generated based on data input through the input device or data captured from an outside source on the screen, and is allowed to implement a first waveform display function of superimposing and displaying an analog waveform based on prescribed data and binary waveforms based on the prescribed data.

Abstract: In the framework of the method for minimizing the error of a measured variable, particularly a signal to be measured using filtering at variable bandwidth, the bandwidth is regulated on the basis of a physical criterion inherent to the method in such a ways that signal changes not caused by noise are recognized as early as possible.

Abstract: A method and apparatus in which a plurality of demux processors propagates respective received sample streams to adjacent demux processors via an inter-demux bus; and wherein a final one of the plurality of demux processors propagates all of the respective received sample streams toward a next processing element such as a multi-drop bus (MDB) or system processor within a data acquisition device.

Abstract: A method and system for solving the inverse acoustic scattering problem using an iterative approach with consideration of half-off-shell transition matrix elements (near-field) information, where the Volterra inverse series correctly predicts the first two moments of the interaction, while the Fredholm inverse series is correct only for the first moment and that the Volterra approach provides a method for exactly obtaining interactions which can be written as a sum of delta functions.

Abstract: An advanced trigger circuit includes two trigger decoders, each triggering on one of respective pluralities of continuous-time trigger events. In one embodiment, a programmable timer begins timing in response to an output signal of the first trigger decoder and generates an end-of-time signal at the expiration of its time period. A reset circuit resets the first trigger decoder if the second selected continuous-time trigger event failed to occur before the end-of-time signal was generated. In another embodiment, a reset decoder generates a reset signal in response to an occurrence of a selected continuous-time trigger event. The reset circuit is responsive to the reset signal for resetting the first trigger decoder if the second selected continuous-time trigger event failed to occur before the reset signal was generated. In other embodiments, the advanced trigger circuit triggers on a serial lane skew violation or on a beacon width violation.

Abstract: Systems and methods for performing multi-measurements are provided. One such method includes: displaying a first icon corresponding to a multi-source measurement, displaying waveforms, visually associating the first icon with at least one of the waveforms responsive to user input, and performing a multi-source measurement related to the waveforms.

Abstract: The invention allows the inclusion of cross-talk coupling and other noise in circuit simulation by considering a resultant glitch in more detail than just its peak value. A set of parameters represents the noise, with an exemplary embodiment using a triangle approximation to a glitch based on a set of three parameters: the peak voltage value, the leading edge slope and the trailing edge slope. These values are then used as the input stimulus to a given cell instance in the network in which the resulting propagated noise values, also in a triangle approximation, are determined by a simulation. The results can be stored as a library so that, given the parameters of the input noise and the particular cell, a simulation can determine the propagated noise through a look-up process. To reduce the space requirements of the library, the dimensionality of the look-up tables can be reduced through the introduction of a set of auxiliary functions to offset error from this reduction.

Abstract: A method for measuring noise parameters includes generating a noise signal at a noise source. The noise signal includes a first input signal at a first frequency and a second input signal at a second frequency. The first input signal and the second input signal are modulated onto a carrier to generate a modulated signal. The modulated signal is attenuated to a desired power level and applied to a device under test to obtain a noise measurement.

Abstract: A method for detecting an element is disclosed and which includes the steps of providing a gamma-ray spectrum which depicts, at least in part, a test region having boundaries, and which has a small amount of the element to be detected; providing a calculation which detects the small amount of the element to be detected; and providing a moving window and performing the calculation within the moving window, and over a range of possible window boundaries within the test region to determine the location of the optimal test region within the gamma-ray spectrum.

Abstract: A measurement data displaying device includes a measurement data recording unit and charge displaying unit. The measurement data recording unit records a measurement subject channel, a spreading code length corresponding to the measurement subject channel and measurement data which is a code domain power or noise component power of the measurement subject channel. The chart displaying unit displays a chart having a constant width, and represents the measurement data in a display area whose position is determined by the measurement subject channel and the spreading code length, and which has a width corresponding to the spreading code length.

Abstract: A multiple channel signal acquisition device wherein each channel performs a respective rasterization process to provide respective waveform imagery, the respective waveform imagery having a display parameter reduced at a decay rate, the respective waveform imagery being propagated towards an adjacent input channel for combination, the combined image being propagated towards each remaining channel for combination into a final waveform image for display.

Abstract: A video field rate persistence is provided for a video waveform display where multiple video components are displayed simultaneously, one component being updated per field interval. A persistence count is assigned to each pixel in a circular field buffer which is divided equally into a number of sub-buffers representing a portion of a display raster, one for each component. The persistence count is updated for each update of the circular field buffer with the pixel values being maintained until the persistence count equals a maximum value, at which point the pixel values for that component are updated with new pixel values. In this manner the display pixels for each component are updated every X video fields and are maintained at their prior values between updates to provide a flicker free display without temporal separation.

Abstract: A computer controlled solid-state switching power factor corrector, which senses the phase angle of each phase of the current as well as the voltage and automatically aligns the current phase angle to the voltage phase angle. This power factor correction is designed to update at the frequency of the power line and to provide a large number of discrete steps of correction.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of calculating uncertainty in the system represented as two or more modules comprising the steps of passing uncertainty information from each module to at least one further module; and calculating uncertainty in the measurement result from the information exchanged between the modules. The invention also provides a method of propagating uncertainty in a measurement system and also provides related systems for calculating uncertainty and propagating uncertainty.

Abstract: A time history display of orthogonal code power levels by spreading factor is generated by displaying each data record of code domain power as a line, with each point in the line representing a different code index and the color or brightness of each data point representing the associated base code power level. With the data records displayed as contiguous lines, as each new data record is acquired it is added as a new line of the display while the line representing the oldest data record is deleted from the display. For communications standards where the code spreading factor varies, both bit-reversed and Walsh code graphs are displayed to show the grouping of the sub-codes that make up a base code. In this way the time history display indicates timing and trend information to a user.

Abstract: A receiving apparatus comprises a first waveform degradation compensating unit, a second waveform degradation compensating unit, a received waveform measuring unit for measuring waveform data on a received signal, a control unit for controlling compensation characteristics of the first and second waveform degradation compensating units to minimize a difference between frequency data obtained by converting the obtained received waveform data into a frequency domain and frequency data on a reference waveform free from waveform degradation, and time-constant generating units for making a difference in compensation characteristic control speed between the first and second waveform degradation compensating units. This realizes high-accuracy compensation for waveform degradation of a received signal stemming from chromatic dispersion, polarization mode dispersion or the like without employing a dispersion compensation fiber or a polarization maintaining fiber.

Abstract: A method of data acquisition for a digital instrument having a bandwidth. The method includes receiving a signal and associated trigger. Using that trigger, a plurality of signal values is sampled at multiple time intervals to create an acquisition record representing a continuous fractional segment of the signal. The plurality of samples meets the Nyquist requirement for the bandwidth but is in error according to at least one known error mechanism. The acquisition record is then processed with DSP techniques to produce a compensated acquisition record corrected for the at least one known error mechanism. Each associated compensated acquisition record is incorporated into a result acquisition record as a segment thereof corresponding to a continuous fractional segment of the signal whose signal values were sampled in an associated instance. An additional signal and additional associated trigger are received. The above steps are then repeated for the additional signal and additional associated trigger.

Abstract: A method for preventing the unwanted maloperation of a protective relay system that is caused by the imprecise detection of an actual secondary current value resulting from a measured secondary current being distorted comprises the steps of calculating difference values for sampled secondary currents; comparing absolute values of the difference values with a predetermined critical value, and determining a saturation starting moment of a current transformer when one of the absolute values exceeds the predetermined critical value; obtaining a magnetizing current at the saturation starting moment using the difference values if the saturation starting moment is determined, and obtaining a magnetic flux value in a steel core of the current transformer from a magnetization curve using the magnetizing current; calculating a magnetic flux value at a time after the saturation starting moment using a secondary current value measured at that time and the magnetic flux value obtained at the saturation starting moment so

Abstract: Apparatus for rapidly acquiring a large number of samples of a signal under test, stores the samples in a waveform memory without converting the samples to binary form. The signal under test is applied to an arrangement of comparators and exclusive-OR gates to provide a signal indicative of amplitude. The waveform memory is arranged in rows and columns. In one embodiment, the amplitude-indicative signal serves as a row address signal for the waveform memory, and a scanning control signal serves as a column address signal for the waveform memory. In another embodiment, an X-Y display is produced in which the column address signal is responsive to the amplitude of a second signal under test.

Abstract: A waveform drawing routine is disclosed that includes receiving an array of predecessor image data points, wherein the predecessor image data points form a predecessor line that has a predecessor high end point and a predecessor low end point, receiving an array of successor image data points, wherein the successor image data points form a successor line having a successor high end point and a successor low end point, comparing the successor line to the predecessor line, and maintaining any portions of the predecessor line on a display that intersect with the successor line. The method described above for drawing each line segment that forms the waveform is repeated until a complete waveform is drawn on the display that consists of the concatenation of these individual lines.

Abstract: A method for determining the amount of deterministic jitter and random jitter in a digital signal having transitions between logical levels, the method comprising the steps of: providing said digital signal, determining a plurality of bit error rate values, each bit error rate value being associated with one of a plurality of successive timing points, and each bit error rate value being derived from a comparison of a result of a detection of a transition occurring in the digital signal cumulatively prior to its associated timing point with an expected signal, applying a polynomial fit in time to said plurality of bit error rate values associated with said timing points for determining a number of polynomial coefficients of said polynomial fit, and deriving the amount each of said deterministic and said random jitter from said polynomial coefficients.

Abstract: An improved method and system for detecting covert surveillance devices uses frequency spectrum traces produced by a spectrum analyzer. The electromagnetic spectrum is scanned in a reference area to produce a reference frequency spectrum trace. The electromagnetic spectrum is then continuously scanned in a nearby target area to produce a peak hold frequency spectrum trace. The reference frequency spectrum trace is then subtracted from the peak hold spectrum trace to produce a comparative frequency spectrum trace. Peaks in the comparative frequency spectrum correspond to signals that are unique to either the reference area or the target area or transitory in nature. Statistical analysis is performed on subsequently obtained frequency traces to identify any changes in the frequency traces.

Abstract: A method for detecting the beginning of the dips of the amplitudes in the output signal of a time signal receiver identifying the beginning of a second in the time signal. The output signal of the receiver for the time signals is sampled N-times per second. The sampled values are stored to respective cells of a memory field with N cells. In the memory field a mean signal curve for the time interval of one second is generated over a period of several seconds. A minimum valve and hence the beginning of the seconds in the time signal is determined from the mean signal curve valves in the memory cells.

Abstract: Data from a plurality of sensors representing a patient's condition, including measurement signals and also secondary parameters derived from the measurement signals, are displayed in a simple way by calculating a novelty index constituting a one-dimensional visualization space. The novelty index is based on the distance of the current data point in a multi-dimensional measurement space, whose coordinates are defined by the values of the measurement signals and secondary parameters, from a predefined normal point. This may be achieved by using a suitably trained artificial neural network to sum the distance between the current data point in the measurement space and a plurality of prototype points representing normality.

Abstract: A dynamic waveform manager and an application policy are provided to an electronic device that executes an application requiring the use of waveforms accessed from a waveform table characterized by a limited number of entries. The application policy contains waveform sequencing information specific to the application. The application may utilize any number of waveforms that are typically stored in a memory separate from the waveform table. The dynamic waveform manager monitors the execution of the application, and manages loading and unloading of waveforms required by the application into and out of the waveform table such that each waveform required by the application is loaded in the waveform prior to and at least by the time it is needed by the application. The dynamic waveform manager accesses the application policy to reference the waveform sequencing information specific to the application for use in determining when and which waveforms to load and unload to and from the waveform table.

Abstract: A signal waveform is displayed on a display. In response to a user using a pointing device to select a location on the display, values for a selected parameter of the displayed signal waveform are adjusted based on locations on the display selected by the user using the pointing device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a digital circuit making it possible to measure the effective voltage of a signal, comprising at least one module exhibiting a sampler stage exhibiting an output generating an output logic signal which, for each given sampling period, exhibits a level representing the value of the voltage of the signal with respect to a given threshold (A), characterized in that it comprises a circuit (CIRC) for calculating a value representative of said effective voltage as a function of the difference between the number of times the output logic signal indicates that the voltage of the signal is above the given threshold (A) and the number of times the output logic signal indicates that this value is below said given threshold (A) over a duration corresponding to N given sampling periods.

Abstract: In a method and system for determining the composition of a subscriber loop, the method consists of analyzing the echo responses generated by the transmittal of pulses onto the subscriber loop. In the method, discontinuities along a loop are identified sequentially by comparing the measured waveform to waveforms generated on the basis of a hypothesized topology. The best match for the waveform is identified using a maximum likelihood approach and a maximum a-posteriori probability (MAP) estimator using observed knowledge regarding the loop plant. A multiple path search is also utilized to improve results and reduce computation time. Once the generated waveform that best matched the measured data had been found and a discontinuity identified, the waveform generated is subtracted from the measured data to produce a compensated waveform, which is used to detect the location and cause of the next echo. A calibration method is implemented to further improve data acquisition.

Abstract: A method for reducing drift in a step stimulus from a sampling system, such as an oscilloscope, is described having an initial step of setting a calibration repetition rate. A step stimulus stabilization calibration is performed to acquire a reference mid-crossing time and the current mid-crossing time. Acquisition cycles of TDR/TDT waveform samples are acquired equal to the repetition rate with the initial strobe delay interval in the sampling system being adjusted by the difference between the reference mid-crossing time and the current mid-crossing time. The step stimulus stabilization calibration is performed again to acquire a new current mid-crossing time and initial strobe delay interval and more acquisition cycles of TDR waveform samples are acquired equal to the repetition rate. The process continues until a stop command is activated for the sampling system.

Abstract: The invention provides a waveform information display apparatus, wherein the property of waveform data is grasped by the light of nature. Specifically, digital waveform data stored in a memory is split into a plurality of time segments, and compressed display data is generated in each of the time segments. A waveform is displayed on the screen by the compressed display data. Then, a property specified for the waveform is extracted from the digital waveform data in each of the time segments, and a value expressing the specified property in the time segment is obtained on the basis of the extracted property. Further, a waveform display portion in each of the time segments displayed on the screen on the basis of the compressed display data in each of the time segments is displayed in a state wherein the obtained value expressing the property is reflected on the waveform display portion.

Abstract: A qualification signal display, trigger, and/or measurement (MTD) system is disclosed. An embodiment comprises receiving an event, wherein the event comprises a signal waveform, comparing the event with a qualification specification, wherein the qualification specification provides criteria for determining whether an event is a qualified event, and responsive to determining that the event is a qualified event, providing an indication to an MTD device of each qualified event.

Abstract: A waveform display position adjusting apparatus is provided for more conveniently and rapidly adjusting a position at which a waveform is displayed on a waveform display device. The apparatus is configured to adjust a position at which a waveform represented by a waveform input signal is displayed on the display device having a two-dimensional display area. The apparatus comprises a mapping unit for mapping a two-dimensional waveform value space for a waveform input value derived from the waveform input signal to the two-dimensional display area of the display device, and a mapping adjusting unit coupled to the mapping unit for adjusting the mapping. The mapping adjusting unit comprises a continuous mapping adjusting section coupled to the mapping unit for continuous adjusting of the mapping.

Abstract: A packet communication monitor used for radio packet communication system having computer with display, comprises means for detecting and storing electric field strength data while receiving frame with time series, means for detecting and storing data of a start time and an end time of the receiving said frame, and means for checking and storing correct/error status data of said frame in time series. On the bases of these stored data, said packet communication monitor is able to display waveform of the electric field strength, and the length and the status of correct/error of said frame graphically and simultaneously.

Abstract: Apparatus in accordance with the subject invention maintains an exponentially decayed histogram of the counts of new pixels for each active channel, together with a running count of time and number of acquisitions. At regular intervals determined by a maximum time or by a minimum number of acquisitions it computes a new threshold for each active channel. This threshold will theoretically produce “N” nominally unusual waveforms per second where N is defined by a user “sensitivity” control. The raw histogram is smoothed to provide a stable “tail” of small probabilities. Once a threshold has been determined, subsequent waveforms with more than this number of new pixels are re-examined to determine the number of “really new” pixels. “Really new” pixels are defined as those that are not adjacent to pixels remaining from earlier acquisitions. Only those waveforms that have more “really new” pixels than a specified fraction of the basic threshold are reported as anomalies.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for capturing data suitable for creating a Serial ATA eye diagram. A Serial ATA host controller including a first and a second Serial ATA ports is powered up, where receive lines of the first Serial ATA port are short-circuited to receive lines of the second Serial ATA port, and the first Serial ATA port is communicatively coupled to a Serial ATA drive. An initialization pattern from the Serial ATA drive is received by the first and the second Serial ATA ports. An ALIGN/SYNC pattern is transmitted over transmit lines of the second Serial ATA port. Data transmitted over the transmit lines of the second Serial ATA port is captured using a high impedance differential probe and an oscilloscope. The captured data may be used to create a Serial ATA eye diagram for the second Serial ATA port on the oscilloscope.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and system for efficiently determining grating profiles using dynamic learning in a library generation process. The present invention also relates to a method and system for searching and matching trial grating profiles to determine shape, profile, and spectrum data information associated with an actual grating profile.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for defining, configuring and performing a custom processing function in a digital oscilloscope. The custom processing function is programmed by the operator using a programming language. The custom function may be linked/chained with other processing functions using a graphical editor. Although the custom processing function may process data offline as in related art systems, the present invention's custom processing function may be inserted/embedded directly into the data processing stream of the digital oscilloscope, thereby processing the data on-line.

Abstract: An oscilloscope that is capable of displaying simultaneously multiple waveforms representing time evolution of a signal during respective acquisition intervals acquires waveform data using a first set of acquisition parameters and generates a display based on that waveform data. If the display includes a waveform that is visually distinct from other displayed waveforms, the user selects a feature that distinguishes the visually distinct waveform from other displayed waveforms. The oscilloscope automatically derives updated acquisition parameters that discriminate between the selected feature and other features of the displayed waveforms. The oscilloscope then acquires waveform data using the updated acquisition parameters and generates a display based on that waveform data.

Abstract: A method to calibrate I/O cell current has been described. The method includes setting a global control value provided to the I/O cells. Then, for each I/O cell, the method includes comparing the logic voltage at the output pad of the I/O cell with a reference voltage, and sinking more current at the output pad by enabling additional driver bits associated with the I/O cell if the logic voltage is higher than the reference voltage, or sinking less current at the output pad by disabling additional driver bits associated with the I/O cell if the logic voltage is lower than the reference voltage.

Abstract: A signal acquisition instrument, such as an oscilloscope, having an input stage that is referenced to a user's ground is disclosed. Information gathered by the input stage is stored in a storage element powered by a floating power supply that is referenced to the user's ground. After storage, the storage element is disconnected from the floating power and from the user's ground and switched to a power supply referenced to the remainder of the system. FET switching is beneficial, and information can be stored either in an analog format or in a digital format.

Abstract: A plurality of hardware cells are defined, wherein at least a given one of the hardware cells corresponds to sets of vertices from a graph having vertices and edges interconnecting the vertices, and each of the sets are from a corresponding one of a number of portions of the graph. The given hardware cell is adapted to select one of the sets of vertices and to define for the selected set of vertices whether an edge exists in the graph between the vertices in the selected set. The hardware cells are used to analyze one or more properties of the graph, such as reachability or shortest path. The graph is mapped into an adjacency matrix, which contains a number of contexts, each context having a number of elements, and where the given hardware cell corresponds to multiple contexts of the adjacency matrix.

Abstract: A method of monitoring a high voltage electrical power system is described in which a system acquires measurements the small perturbations in power system parameters, from which are derived the system dynamic characteristics used to determine power transfer limits that take account of power system prevailing conditions. Further, a method is described that can be used to identify the probable source of power system oscillations that can limit secure power transfer.

Abstract: Trial decimations are performed on an acquired waveform. Each trial produces a sequence of packets applied to a complexity detection circuit. Each packet contains a decimation value to be used in place of acquisition values to be suppressed along a decimation sample width. Each packet also includes the maximum and minimum values that occurred within the associated decimation sample. A plurality of counters record for a trial decimation the number of instances when the differences in waveform extremes exceed a corresponding plurality of selected thresholds. Complexity introduced by decimation will tend to produce waveforms having larger voltage excursions over the region of suppressed acquisition samples. The data in the counters is processed to produce a suite of histograms examined to select a decimation factor that does not introduce significant additional complexity.

Abstract: Methods for displaying an anomaly in a periodic waveform. Specifically, in one embodiment according to the present invention, a method is provided of (a) setting a pulse start address, (b) setting an initial screen position, (c) displaying a pulse at a time-aligned position, (d) updating the pulse start address in response to a pulse width value, (e) repeating (c) and (d), and (f) interactively adjusting the pulse width value at any time without using a clock recovery procedure.

Abstract: The apparatus includes the wiring-model generation section that generates a wiring model in accordance with high-frequency-circuit design information; the random-pattern analysis section that generates and analyzes a dummy random-pattern waveform for transmitting a wiring model in accordance with a command including the bit information of a random-pattern waveform and a differential waveform corresponding to the dummy random-pattern waveform; and the skew analysis section that skews a random-pattern waveform or differential waveform in accordance with a preset skew width.

Abstract: A test and measurement instrument acquires a signal from a device under test, displays that signal as a source waveform, and makes measurements on that source waveform with regard to a predetermined property or event. The test and measurement instrument employs the method of the subject invention for placing these measurements into a waveform and directly correlating a position in the measurement waveform to the same area on the source waveform where they were measured. Specifically, the subject invention displays the correlation of points on a source waveform and a measurement waveform without requiring the use of a common horizontal time scale. In one embodiment of the invention, the measurement waveform is a histogram and a pointer to a given location in the histogram causes identification of corresponding areas in the source waveform.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to realize waveform display equipment and to achieve a waveform displaying method, in which a plurality of waveforms can be easily observed and measured. The present invention improves conventional waveform display equipment in which a plurality of waveforms based on waveform data obtained by measuring signals to be measured are displayed in the display region of a display screen. The equipment is characterized by the fact that, a discriminating means which discriminates measuring periods for each of displayed waveform data, and a split display means which splits the display region into a number of mutually-different measuring periods based on the result of discrimination and displays a waveform measured in one of the mutually-different measuring periods or a plurality of waveforms, each measured in the same measuring period composing one of the mutually-different measuring periods, in each of split display regions, are provided.