Abstract: A communication terminal unit capable of identifying a message sender by comparing a source address attached to a received message with an address registered in a memory of the unit in advance, which can identify the message sender even if the source address has an error by regarding the erroneous source address to be the same as the registered address when the difference between these two addresses is within a predetermined permissible range.

Abstract: An extension of any n-file compare and/or merge utility in an edit system includes services provided by a parser attached to the edit system for the particular file type. A compare command in the edit system is enabled by an extension-registration process to query, upon activation, for any compare extensions supported by the parser. Selected files are displayed to a user with non-comparing elements highlighted according to a compare strategy selected with reference to the compare extensions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for inputting data into a system. In order to make it easier for users to input data, the invention provides that, in response to an input by a user, one or more terms which are as appropriate as possible for this input are determined as identified terms, that a confidence value is defined for each of these identified terms, and that the terms associated with an input are dealt with further, taking account of their confidence values.

Abstract: A communication terminal unit capable of identifying a message sender by comparing a source address attached to a received message with an address registered in a memory of the unit in advance, which can identify the message sender even if the source address has an error by regarding the erroneous source address to be the same as the registered address when the difference between these two addresses is within a predetermined permissible range.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for deriving information from a textual representation of a sentence are provided, the sentence having a plurality of words. The apparatus comprises an input, a processing unit and an output. The input is for receiving data elements indicative of the textual representation of the sentence. The processing unit is operative for processing the textual representation of the sentence to derive an information record on the basis of a set of information extraction rules, the information record being indicative of a semantic representation of at least part of the sentence. The information record is then released at the output. A computer readable medium comprising a program element suitable for execution by a computing apparatus for deriving information from a textual representation of a sentence is also provided.

Abstract: A method for customizing a voice in a multi-media message created by a sender for a recipient is disclosed. The multi-media message comprises a text message from the sender to be delivered by an animated entity. The method comprises presenting an option to the sender to insert voice emoticons into the text message associated with parameters of a voice used by the animated entity to deliver the text message. The message is then delivered wherein the voice of the animated entity is modified throughout the message according to the voice emoticons. The voice emoticons may relate to features such as voice stress, volume, pauses, emotion, yelling, or whispering. After the sender inserts various voice emoticons into the text of the message, the animated entity delivers the multi-media message giving effect to each voice emoticon in the text. A volume or intensity of the voice emoticons may be given effect by repeating the tags.

Abstract: Refining a current query. Receiving information regarding the relevancy of documents retrieved from a document collection in response to a current query. Ranking the retrieved documents in accordance with the relevancy information. Forming a candidate query based on the rankings and analysis of locations of the retrieved documents in a latent semantic index vector space formed from the retrieved document. Applying the candidate query to the document collection. Ranking the documents retrieved in response to the candidate query in accordance with the received relevancy information. Comparing the ranking of documents retrieved in response to the candidate query and the ranking of documents retrieved in response to the current query with the received relevancy information. Choosing the query that produces the best ranking.

Abstract: A method of ordering a translation of an electronic communication, such as a web page or an email, using a one-click translation component displayed on the web page or in the email. Clicking the one-click translation component automatically requests a translation of the selected communication and returns the communication to the user. The method is controlled by a translation manager that obtains the translation and directs transmission of the translation to the user. A single-click translation system for working the method is also described.

Abstract: The variation of a Voice Low-frequency to High frequency Ratio (VLHR) can be analyzed to determine whether a nasal sound occurs for clinical correction and remedy, or as a reference for voiceprint comparison.

Abstract: The structure of entered document image data is analyzed and a character string in a text block that has been analyzed is subjected to pattern recognition. Synonyms and equivalents of words obtained as results of language analysis are extracted and words obtained as results of language analysis are converted to words of another language. A character string in a text block that has been analyzed is translated to another language. At least results of analyzing the structure of document image data, results of character recognition and results of language analysis are stored, and at least one of the results of extraction, results of conversion and results of translation are stored in a RAM in association with the results of character recognition.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods, systems and apparatus to improve XML data encoding (compression) decoding (decompression) efficiency. In an example embodiment, a syntax type generator 2-1 converts a DTD into an ASN.1 abstract syntax type, and a separation unit 2-2 separates text from XML data that conforms to the DTD. Then, a syntax value generator 2-3 converts the XML data (the syntax of an element) from which the text has been separated into an ASN.1 abstract syntax value that conforms to the ASN.1 abstract syntax type. Thereafter, following the conversion by a transfer syntax generator 2-4 of the ASN.1 abstract syntax value into an ASN.1 transfer syntax, the separated text is compressed by a compression unit 2-5 and encoded XML data is generated by a combining unit 2-6 that combines the ASN.1 transfer syntax and the compressed text.

Abstract: An identification code is assigned to a user by making a selection from a closed set of possible tokens. The selection is determined algorithmically by user identity data. The format of the identification code may comprise a sequence of natural language words chosen from closed sets and a separator character having a fixed value or a small range of possible values. The closed sets may be programmed in the recognition grammar of a speech interface to secure services such as banking.

Abstract: A method for automatic translating text sentences from source language to target language using dictionaries of vocabulary and thesaurus of plural languages, grammar function of each word translation index, vocabulary of verbs paradigrm, vocabulary of preposition, adverb and adjectives inflections.

Abstract: A method of grading an essay using an automated essay scoring system is provided. The method comprises the automated steps of (a) parsing the essay to produce parsed text, wherein the parsed text is a syntactic representation of the essay, (b) using the parsed text to create a vector of syntactic features derived from the essay, (c) using the parsed text to create a vector of rhetorical features derived from the essay, (d) creating a first score feature derived from the essay, (e) creating a second score feature derived from the essay, and (f) processing the vector of syntactic features, the vector of rhetorical features, the first score feature, and the second score feature to generate a score for the essay.

Abstract: A computer system and method for natural language translation uses a translation process to translate a source natural language segment (e.g. English) of one or more source words/elements into a target natural language (e.g. German) segment of one or more target words/elements. An evaluation module determines a confidence measure of the natural language translation. Typically, the confidence measure indicates less confidence as the complexity of the translation increases. Various novel features for determining complexity and confidence measure at different steps in the translation are used. The translation process can be terminated if the confidence measure fails to meet a threshold criterion.

Abstract: A method of grading an essay using an automated essay scoring system is provided. The method comprises the automated steps of (a) parsing the essay to produce parsed text, wherein the parsed text is a syntactic representation of the essay, (b) using the parsed text to create a vector of syntactic features derived from the essay, (c) using the parsed text to create a vector of rhetorical features derived from the essay, (d) creating a first score feature derived from the essay, (e) creating a second score feature derived from the essay, and (f) processing the vector of syntactic features, the vector of rhetorical features, the first score feature, and the second score feature to generate a score for the essay.

Abstract: A translation apparatus is provided which comprises: an inputting section for inputting a source document in a natural language; a layout analyzing section for analyzing layout information including cascade information, itemization information, numbered itemization information, labeled itemization information and separator line information in the source document inputted by the inputting section and specifying a translation range on the basis of the layout information; a translation processing section for translating a source document text in the specified translation range into a second language; and an outputting section for outputting a translated text provided by the translation processing section.