Abstract: A computer program provides fast generation and testing of probable prime numbers for cryptographic applications. The program instructions executed on computer hardware execute steps that include a smart increment program function that finds successive candidates using a table of congruent values that are relatively prime to a selected set of very small primes do identify an increment to the next candidate, thereby sieving out about ¾ths of the really obvious components that don't need to be subjected to trial division. The program instructions also include a small primes testing program function that speeds trial division against a list of small primes by carrying out the division on modular reduced values rather than the very large candidates themselves. Only the about 10% of the candidates that pass the small primes test will then be subjected to more rigorous, but time consuming, probable primality tests.

Abstract: A solid-state quantum computing structure includes a set of islands that Josephson junctions separate from a first superconducting bank. A d-wave superconductor is on one side of the Josephson junctions (either the islands' side or the bank's side), and an s-wave superconductor forms the other side of the Josephson junctions. The d-wave superconductor causes the ground state for the supercurrent at each junction to be doubly degenerate, with two supercurrent ground states having distinct magnetic moments. These quantum states of the supercurrents at the junctions create qubits for quantum computing. The quantum states can be uniformly initialized from the bank, and the crystal orientations of the islands relative to the bank influence the initial quantum state and tunneling probabilities between the ground states.

Abstract: A solid-state quantum computing structure includes a d-wave superconductor in sets of islands that clean Josephson junctions separate from a first superconducting bank. The d-wave superconductor causes the ground state for the supercurrent at each junction to be doubly degenerate, with two supercurrent ground states having distinct magnetic moments. These quantum states of the supercurrents at the junctions create qubits for quantum computing. The quantum states can be uniformly initialized from the bank, and the crystal orientations of the islands relative to the bank influence the initial quantum state and tunneling probabilities between the ground states. A second bank, which a Josephson junction separates from the first bank, can be coupled to the islands through single electron transistors for selectably initializing one or more of the supercurrents in a different quantum state. Single electron transistors can also be used between the islands to control entanglements while the quantum states evolve.