Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for generating an execution plan for performing functional tests in a cloud-computing environment. Infrastructure resources and capabilities (e.g., system requirements) may be defined within an infrastructure object (e.g., a resource of a declarative infrastructure provisioner) that stores a code segment that implements the resource or capability. Metadata may be maintained that indicates what particular capabilities are applicable to each infrastructure resource. Using the metadata, the system can generate an execution plan by combining code segments for each resource with code segments defining each capability in accordance with the metadata. The execution plan may include programmatic instructions that, when executed, generate a set of test results. The system can execute instructions that cause the set of test results to be presented at a user device.

Abstract: Techniques are described for enabling a database service to provide a zonal consistency model for read and write operations involving database tables replicated across a plurality of availability zones of a cloud provider network according to some embodiments. A database service routes zonally consistent operations to request routers and storage nodes that are located in a same availability zone as the client device from which the request originates. For example, in contrast to standard write operations and strongly consistent read operations, which are processed by a leader storage node that may be located in a different availability zone than the originating request, zonally consistent operations can be processed by any storage node and, in particular, by a storage node in a same availability zone as the originating client device.

Abstract: One or more servers (11) communicate with one or more applications running on each of a plurality of wireless terminals (2) via a first or second cellular communication network (3, 4). Depending on a load of the first cellular communication network, the one more servers (11) select from the first and second cellular communication networks (3, 4) a cellular communication network to be used by each wireless terminal (2) to communicate with the one more servers (11). The one more servers (11) send to each wireless terminal (2) a control message to prompt each wireless terminal (2) to use the selected network. This for example makes it possible to select among a plurality of cellular communication networks in consideration of load status of the cellular communication networks.

Abstract: A method for controlling an optimization device, the method comprising: obtaining a value of a state variable included in an evaluation function obtained by converting a problem stored in a storage unit; and performing a search for a minimum value of the evaluation function by repeating a process of updating the value of the state variable by a Markov chain Monte Carlo method based on a transition probability distribution that is represented by a function by which it is possible to normalize to one a sum of probabilities of transition from a current state represented by a current value of the state variable to each of a plurality of different states, in which a transition probability becomes larger than in a Boltzmann distribution as a change in the value of the evaluation function due to a change in the value of the state variable is positively larger.

Abstract: Programs, systems, and methods are described for providing on-demand applications to users by infrastructure as a service platforms. A request catcher may receive a request to start an application that runs on a managed system that is scheduled to be off. The request catcher or a management application may verify that the user has authorization to access the application and request to the management application to start the managed system. The management application may start the managed system and the managed system may then provide access to the application to the user.

Abstract: A service provider system may implement an enterprise catalog service that manages software products and portfolios of software products on behalf of service provider customer organizations. A graph processing service of the enterprise catalog service may create a graph representation of the enterprise catalog service data, including principals, product listings, portfolios, and constraints (and the relationships between them) that may be used to manage access control, launch contexts, and searches within the enterprise catalog service. A primary (key-value) store may maintain an adjacency list and a secondary index of de-normalized edges. A secondary (document) store may maintain the de-normalized edges. In response to various queries directed to the graph processing service, the service may query the adjacency list or the secondary index. For example, one query may return a list of products that an end user can access, and another may return a count of products within a portfolio.

Abstract: Workload distribution is automatically optimized. Cost penalty amounts imposed on executing a database operation transaction by current and alternative processing pathway options are determined as a function of execution response times that exceed a service level agreement time limit. Respective computer processing hardware costs are determined for executing the database operation transaction via each of the current and alternative processing pathway options. Respective licensing costs are determined for migrating execution of the database operation transaction to each of the alternative processing pathway options. Accordingly, the current or alternative middleware option that has a lowest total combined cost of licensing costs, computer processing hardware costs and service level agreement penalty costs is chosen as the path for execution of the database operation transaction.

Abstract: A System, Computer Program Product, and computer-executable method for managing a virtual network, the System, Computer Program Product, and computer-executable method comprising receiving a request to create the virtual network, creating a policy based on a catalog virtual network resources, and implementing the virtual network based on the created policy.

Abstract: A technique is directed toward controlling placement of workloads of an application within an application environment. The technique involves, while a first placement of workloads of the application is in a first deployment of resources within the application environment, generating a set of resource deployment changes that accommodates a predicted change in demand on the application. The technique further involves adjusting the first deployment of resources within the application environment to form a second deployment of resources within the application environment, the second deployment of resources being different from the first deployment of resources. The technique further involves providing a second placement of workloads of the application in the second deployment of resources to accommodate the predicted change in demand on the application, the second placement of workloads being different from the first placement of workloads.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer-readable storage media for providing a VM vector representative of resources that are to be consumed by the VM within the cloud computing environment, comparing the VM vector to each physical node vector in a set of physical node vectors to determine a distance, each physical node vector representative of resources available by a respective physical node, and selecting a physical node from a set of physical nodes based on a respective distance between the VM vector and a physical node vector representative of the physical node, and in response, automatically: deploying the VM to the physical node within the cloud computing environment at least partially by installing the VM on the physical node for execution thereon.

Abstract: Method, systems and apparatuses provides for technology that provides a decentralized network. The technology includes a managing node that generates a list of a plurality of compute nodes that are within a tier. The technology further includes a first compute node providing compute resources for other nodes to utilize. The first compute node conducts a determination that the first compute node is within the tier based at least in part on the compute resources, and sends a notification to the managing node to add the first compute node to the list based on the determination. The technology also includes a client node conducting an identification of the tier based on a compute capacity that is predicted to be utilized to execute one or more tasks associated with the client node. The client node identifies the managing node based on the identification and requests the list from the managing node.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for optimizing file storage in a distributed data storage and access system are described. One example system includes a centralized server, coupled to a storage server, configured to transmit, to the storage server, file storage instructions causing the storage server to store a plurality of files and corresponding file identifiers in a hierarchical directory structure. The file storage instructions cause the storage server, as part of storing the plurality of files, to automatically associate the file identifier with the file based on comparing a size of the file to an adaptive threshold value. In response to the size being less than the adaptive threshold value, the file identifier is set using a hash value of the file, and in response to the size being greater than the adaptive threshold value, the file identifier is set using at least a timestamp of the centralized server.

Abstract: Provisioning a 5G core using unikernels includes provisioning the 5G core as a network of unikernels. The 5G core comprises a plurality of 5G network functions. Each 5G network function in the plurality of 5G network functions is run in a different unikernel in the network of unikernels. The unikernels communicate with each other over a private network.

Abstract: The visualization of progress of a distributed computational job at multiple points of execution. After a computational job is compiled into multiple vertices, and then those multiple vertices are scheduled on multiple processing nodes in a distributed environment, a processing gathering module gathers processing information regarding processing of multiple vertices of a computational job, and at multiple instances in time in the execution of the computational job. A user interface module graphically presents a representation of an execution structure representing multiple nodes of the computational job, and dependencies between the multiple nodes, where the nodes may be a single vertex or a group of vertices (such as a stage).

Abstract: An audio processing plug-in shim operates in conjunction with a plug-in host application executing on a computing device. The plug-in shim receives a stream of digital audio from the plug-in host application and transmits the digital audio to a network service executing in a network accessible remote distributed computing environment. The network service receives the digital audio and routes the digital audio to one or more audio processing plug-ins, also executing in the distributed computing environment. The audio plug-ins process the digital audio, such as by applying digital signal processing techniques to the digital audio, and return processed audio to the network service. The network service returns the processed audio to the plug-in shim executing on the remote computing device. The plug-in shim, in turn, receives the processed audio from the network service and provides the processed audio to the plug-in host application.

Abstract: A device comprising a plurality of antennas operable to transmit and receive communication packets via a plurality of communication protocols and an integrated circuit chip coupled to the plurality of antennas. The integrated circuit chip comprises a first and a second plurality of processing elements. The first plurality of processing elements operable to receive communication packets via a first one of a plurality of communication protocols and process an optimal route. The second plurality of processing elements communicatively coupled to the first plurality of processing elements and operable to determine the optimal route to transmit the communication packets from a source device to a destination device based, at least in part, on transmission characteristics associated with at least one of the source or destination devices.

Abstract: Disclosed are various examples for platform independent graphics processing unit (GPU) profiles for more efficient utilization of GPU resources. A virtual machine configuration can be identified to include a platform independent graphics computing requirement. Hosts can be identified as available in a computing environment based on the platform independent graphics computing requirement. The virtual machines can be migrated and placed to maximize usage the total memory of GPU resources of the hosts.

Abstract: A system for reducing overlay network overhead includes a memory, a processor in communication with the memory, a first container and a second container running on a first host, and a container scheduler executing on the processor. Each of the first container and second container expose a network service port(s). The container scheduler executes on the processor to assign a network complexity weight to the first host. The network complexity weight is based on a quantity of network service ports that the first container and the second container expose. The container scheduler also filters hosts based on resource availability corresponding to each host and ranks the hosts based on a respective network complexity weight corresponding to each host. Additionally, the container scheduler dispatches a third container to a second host based on the resource availability and network complexity weight corresponding to the second host.

Abstract: Provided is a method and apparatus for discontinuously transmitting/receiving packets for low-power consumption of a terminal in a cellular system for packet transmission. The present research provides a method and apparatus that can perform a low-power consuming operation when a terminal is in active state in a cellular system. The method for discontinuously transmitting/receiving packet data to reduce power consumption of a terminal in a cellular system, including the steps of: a) establishing discontinuous reception/transmission (DRX/DTX) parameters including discontinuous DRX/DTX cycle information for terminals operating in a transmission suspension mode, which is a sub-state of an active state; and b) performing DRX/DTX based on the DRX/DTX parameters in the terminals operating in the transmission suspension mode.

Abstract: In some implementations, a device may obtain a first set of information for establishing a computing node cluster that is applicable to multiple environments. The device may receive, from a client device, an indication of a second set of information for establishing the computing node cluster, wherein the second set of information is associated with a user of the client device and an environment associated with the user. The device may compile a third set of information for establishing the computing node cluster based on the first set of information and the second set of information. The device may transmit, to a server device, an indication of the third set of information to cause the server device to establish the computing node cluster. The device may monitor the computing node cluster using one or more monitoring techniques to determine a status of the computing node cluster.

Abstract: Provided is a method for performing an action based on a predictive outcome of an intended service deployment. The method includes receiving information pertaining to an intended service deployment. The method further includes receiving data pertaining to the intended service deployment based on the received information. The method further includes determining a predictive outcome of the intended service deployment based on the received data. The method further includes performing an action based on the predictive outcome.

Abstract: Techniques for serving a manifest file of an adaptive streaming video include receiving a request for the manifest file from a user device. The video is encoded at different reference bitrates and each encoded reference bitrate is divided into segments to generate video segment files. The manifest file includes an ordered list of universal resource locators (URLs) that reference a set of video segment files encoded at a particular reference bitrate. A source manifest file that indicates the set of video segment files is identified based on the request. An issued manifest file that includes a first URL and a second URL is generated based on the source manifest file. The first URL references a first domain and the second URL references a second domain that is different from the first domain. The issued manifest file is transmitted to the user device as a response to the request.

Abstract: A method, a computer program product, and a system for server provisioning and deployment. The method includes receiving a deployment configuration for a server. The deployment configuration includes a requested software build and a requested installation of an application and configuration for the server. The method also includes reconfiguring hardware on the server based on the deployment configuration and via an out-of-band management card on the server and pushing a boot loader on to the server for installation of an operating system. The method further includes performing an installation of the operating system on the server, transmitting an auto configuration file to the server. The auto configuration file provides installation properties relating to the application. The method also includes monitoring a status of the server during the installation of the application using a serial terminal output on the server.

Abstract: Systems and methods for allocating resources are disclosed. Resources as processing time, writes or reads are allocated. Credits are issued to the clients in a manner that ensure the system is operating in a safe allocation state. The credits can be used not only to allocate resources but also to throttle clients where necessary. Credits can be granted fully, partially, and in a number greater than requested. Zero or negative credits can also be issued to throttle clients. Segment credits are associated with identifying unique fingerprints or segments and may be allocated by determining how many credits a CPU/cores can support. This maximum number may be divided amongst clients connected with the server.

Abstract: Techniques for providing application-independent access control in a cloud-services computing environment are provided. In one embodiment, a method for providing application-independent access control is provided. The method includes obtaining a user identity for accessing the cloud-services computing environment and receiving a user request to perform a task using an application. The method further includes collecting process-related data for performing the task using the application and obtaining one or more network routing addresses. The method further includes determining, based on the user identity, the process-related data, and the one or more network routing addresses, whether the task is to be performed. If that the task is to be performed, the task is caused to be performed using the application; and if the task is not to be performed, the user request is denied.

Abstract: Disclosed are a Cluster Trivial Database (CTDB)-based virtual Internet Protocol (IP) address allocation method and apparatus, a distributed storage device, and a computer-readable storage medium. The method is applied to a distributed storage cluster. A known IP Version 4 (IPV4) virtual IP address parameter and available IPV4 virtual IP address parameter corresponding to an IPV4 virtual IP address and a known IP Version 6 (IPV6) virtual IP address parameter and available IPV6 virtual IP address parameter corresponding to an IPV6 virtual IP address may be acquired to obtain an IPV4 allocation result and an IPV6 allocation result by calculation respectively, and then virtual IP addresses are allocated to each normal node by use of the IPV4 allocation result and the IPV6 allocation result.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide a method of implementing capacity-aware load balancing across a set of data compute nodes (DCNs) by reducing latency for the set of DCNs. From the set of DCNs, the method identifies (1) a first subset of DCNs including DCNs that have a latency that is higher than an average latency computed for the set of DCNs and (2) a second subset of DCNs including DCNs that have a latency that is lower than the average latency computed for the set of DCNs. For each DCN in the first subset of DCNs, the method assigns to the DCN a weight value that corresponds to a target latency computed for the set of DCNs. Based on the assigned weight values for the first subset of DCNs, the method computes an excess weight value to be redistributed across the second subset of DCNs. The method redistributes the computed excess weight value across the second subset of DCNs.

Abstract: Techniques are described for communications in an L2 virtual network. In an example, the L2 virtual network includes a plurality of L2 compute instances hosted on a set of host machines and a plurality of L2 virtual network interfaces and L2 virtual switches hosted on a set of network virtualization devices. An L2 virtual network interface emulates an L2 port of the L2 virtual network. Storm control information applicable to the L2 port is sent to a network virtualization device that hosts the L2 virtual network interface.

Abstract: A method of providing Application Programming Interface (API) functions for registered service endpoints in container environments may include receiving, at an API registry, a request from a second service to use a first service in a container environment, where the API registry may list one or more API functions that call the first service. The method may also include generating, by the API registry, a client library for the second service that includes the one or more API functions to execute calls from the second service to the first service in the container environment.

Abstract: There is provided a network management device (1) including a capacity management unit (10) for managing the capacity in a network to be managed and a storage unit (20) for storing management information. The storage unit stores specification information of entities included in the network, and entity information including information indicative of relationships between the entities. The capacity management unit 10 includes a capacity request acquisition section (11) which receives a generation request of a first entity; reads the specification information about the first entity from the storage unit, and determines whether or not the first entity needs to consume a resource; when it is determined that the first entity needs to consume a resource, identifies a second entity capable of providing capacity consumed by the first entity, based on the entity information stored in the storage unit; and outputs information about the identification result.

Abstract: A method and system for health rank based virtual machine restoration using a conformal framework. With respect to enterprise data protection, solutions need to address two primary responsibilities: at the onset of failure or disaster, restore any running applications, as well as any lost or damaged data; and minimize (if not eliminate) the future occurrence of such failures or disasters. In tackling the latter responsibility, the disclosed method and system leverage health-score assessments to ensure the restoration of virtual machines onto healthy infrastructure. The aforementioned health-score assessments employ clustering to identify, and a conformal framework to rank, healthy hosts onto which virtual machines may be restored.

Abstract: Example caching systems and methods are described. In one implementation, a method identifies multiple files used to process a query and distributes each of the multiple files to a particular execution node to execute the query. Each execution node determines whether the distributed file is stored in the execution node's cache. If the execution node determines that the file is stored in the cache, it processes the query using the cached file. If the file is not stored in the cache, the execution node retrieves the file from a remote storage device, stores the file in the execution node's cache, and processes the query using the file.

Abstract: A method and system for collaborative workload placement and optimization. Specifically, the disclosed method and system entail implementing metric exchange between hosts in a clustered or non-clustered environment to perform infrastructure workload placement and optimization decisions. The exchange of metrics may be performed through a lightweight service, which would not impact any existing environment resource utilization. Further, resource utilization maps may be used to offer near real-time tracking of resource utilization across the aforementioned hosts, thereby facilitating resource utilization forecasting for the efficient placement and optimization of workloads throughout the environment.

Abstract: Introduced here are network visibility platforms having total processing capacity that can be dynamically varied in response to determining how much network traffic is currently under consideration. A visibility platform can include one or more network appliances, each of which includes at least one instance of an application configured to process data packets. Rather than forward all traffic to a single application instance for processing, the traffic can instead be distributed amongst a pool of application instances to collectively ensure that no data packets are dropped due to over-congestion. Moreover, the visibility platform can be designed such that application instances are elastically added/removed, as necessary, based on the volume of traffic currently under consideration.

Abstract: Techniques and structures to prevent exhaustion of a database connection pool, including retrieving data from the database connection pool, monitoring the data to determine whether the connection pool is at risk of an exhaustion condition, analyzing the data to determine whether one or more clients accessing the database connection pool are offenders upon determining that the connection pool is at risk and throttling access to the one or more clients accessing the database connection pool upon determining the one or more clients to be offenders.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for fast resumption of dormant sessions on a client device are disclosed. A client device receives a push notification from a push notification server, the push notification having a payload that includes a datagram packet from an application server that initiated the push notification. A push notification process on the client device extracts the datagram packet from the push notification and injects the datagram packet into a communications protocol stack for at least one application on the client device. The application is awakened from a dormant state and reads the datagram packet. The application may then send a response to the datagram packet to the application server.

Abstract: Systems, methods and computer program products for controlling access to data owned by an application subscriber using two-factor access control and user partitioning are disclosed. In one embodiment, applications are executed on a multi-tenant application platform in which user partitions designate associated users and authentication services for those users. Tenants may subscribe to the applications and may allow access to the subscriptions through designated entry points. Users that are authenticated according to the corresponding user partition and access the application through the designated entry point are allowed to access the application through the tenant's subscription.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, and methods related to thermal leveling are described. Thermal leveling can be performed on a host computing system as opposed to on a memory system. Thermal leveling can include operations performed by a host to control temperature characteristics and/or power consumption of a memory system. For instance, a host computing system can control temperature characteristics of multiple memory devices that are deployed in a memory system. In an example, a set of processing resources (e.g., a thermal leveling component) can be provided on a host. The set of processing resources can receive information corresponding to thermal characteristics of a memory device coupled to the host and control a thermal setting for the memory device based on the received thermal characteristics.

Abstract: A first client station receives a management frame from a physical access point (AP), which implements a plurality of virtual APs. The management frame includes an indication of a plurality of respective basic services set (BSS) identifiers of a plurality of BSSs that correspond to the plurality of virtual APs. The first client station transmits a first signal as part of an uplink multi-user transmission to the physical AP. The first signal includes i) a first physical layer (PHY) preamble with a field set to a single BSS color identifier that corresponds to all of the virtual APs, and ii) a PHY payload with data intended for the first virtual AP. The first signal is transmitted while one or more second client stations transmit one or more second signals with data intended for one or more second virtual APs as part of the UL multi-user transmission.

Abstract: This disclosure describes selecting the best hosting server(s) in a particular geographical location for the majority of participants in an interactive electronic activity. A request for an electronic interactive activity involving a plurality of nodes is received. At least one factor related to a plurality of potential servers is evaluated with respect to the plurality of nodes, where at least two of the plurality of potential servers are located in different geographical locations. Based at least in part on evaluating the factors, one or more of the potential servers is selected to host the electronic interactive activity, where the one or more of the potential servers selected are located in the same geographical location.

Abstract: A system and associated processes to allocate tenants to servers are disclosed. A set of vectors corresponding to a plurality of tenants to be allocated is generated. A target vector establishing a target value of a sum of vectors allocated to a first server is determined. A first vector included in the set of vectors that satisfies a defined relationship with the target vector is identified, and in response, a tenant corresponding to the first vector is allocated to the first server. It is determined whether a second vector satisfies a defined relationship with both the target vector and the first vector exists. If so, a tenant corresponding to the second vector is allocated to the first server. If not, the tenant corresponding to the second vector is allocated to a second server that is different from the first server.

Abstract: Techniques are described for identifying resources within a region of a cloud-computing environment. A Resource Identification Service (RIS) may be configured to obtain a flock configuration file comprising resource discovery data associated with a service. The resource discovery data may indicate a set of parameters with which a previously existing resource of the cloud-computing environment is to be identified. RIS may execute operations to identify the previously existing resource based at least in part on matching attributes associated with previously existing resource to the set of parameters of the resource discovery data. The RIS may identify, from the flock configuration file, a set of import operations to perform to obtain an identifier corresponding to the previously existing resource. The identifier may be provided to cause the previously existing resource to be utilized in a region build.

Abstract: Example caching systems and methods are described. In one implementation, a method identifies multiple files used to process a query and distributes each of the multiple files to a particular execution node to execute the query. Each execution node determines whether the distributed file is stored in the execution node's cache. If the execution node determines that the file is stored in the cache, it processes the query using the cached file. If the file is not stored in the cache, the execution node retrieves the file from a remote storage device, stores the file in the execution node's cache, and processes the query using the file.

Abstract: Example caching systems and methods are described. In one implementation, a method identifies multiple files used to process a query and distributes each of the multiple files to a particular execution node to execute the query. Each execution node determines whether the distributed file is stored in the execution node's cache. If the execution node determines that the file is stored in the cache, it processes the query using the cached file. If the file is not stored in the cache, the execution node retrieves the file from a remote storage device, stores the file in the execution node's cache, and processes the query using the file.

Abstract: Techniques involve: determining a first group of storage disks, a use rate of each storage disk of the first group of storage disks exceeding a first threshold, the first group of storage disks comprising a first group of storage blocks corresponding to a first redundant array of independent storage disk (RAID); allocating a second group of storage blocks corresponding to a second RAID from a second group of storage disks, the second group of storage blocks having the same size as that of the first group of storage blocks, a use rate of each storage disk of the second group of storage disks being under a second threshold; moving data in the first group of storage blocks to the second group of storage blocks; and releasing the first group of storage blocks from the first group of storage disks. Thus, use rates of the storage disks become more balanced.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide an Internet-of-Things resource access system and method. The system comprises a protocol management subsystem, a data conversion subsystem, and a load balancing subsystem.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are system, method, and computer program product embodiments for utilizing non-RAM memory to implement a cloud storage system. An embodiment operates by receiving a request from an on-premises computer system to securely access a cloud drive by receiving an object specific template for an object. Based on the object specific template, an object specific plugin is selected, wherein the object specific plugin is configured to provide a connection to a cloud-based repository to obtain real time data for the object. An instance of the object is generated and communicated to a cloud plugin, wherein the cloud plugin is configured to communicate to a specific cloud drive through an HTTP client and further upload the instance of the object to the specific cloud drive.

Abstract: In an approach to improve the management of multi-cloud environment resources embodiments of the present invention execute provisioning and rerouting mechanisms to maintain continuity in the multi-cloud computing environment despite changes to one or more predetermined factors or an identified problem. Additionally, embodiments predict a future need of a system based on collected data and the executed provision and rerouting mechanisms and analyze use history within the multi-cloud computing environment. Moreover, embodiments identify one or more solutions to address the future needs of the system based on the analysis of the use history; and proactively and autonomously implement the one or more identified solutions based one or more predetermined criteria in the multi-cloud computing environment.

Abstract: A method provides for delivering video content from a server to a plurality of media devices is disclosed that distributes accurately excess bandwidth. The method includes: determining, by the server, the bandwidth to allocate to each of the plurality of media devices using a hypertext transfer protocol-based live streaming client model or a need parameter vector and/or measured bandwidth limitations associated with each of the plurality of media devices and providing the allocated bandwidth to each of the plurality of media devices, wherein the video content is transmitted in a plurality of segments from the server, and wherein each segment is transmitted at a bitrate that may vary from segment to segment.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to systems, methods, and computer readable media for predicting expansion failures and implementing defragmentation instructions based on the predicted expansion failures and other signals. For example, systems disclosed herein may apply a failure prediction model to determine an expansion failure prediction associated with an estimated likelihood that deployment failures will occur on a node cluster. The systems disclosed herein may further generate defragmentation instructions indicating a severity level that a defragmentation engine may execute on a cluster level to prevent expansion failures while minimizing negative customer impacts. By uniquely generating defragmentation instructions for each node cluster, a cloud computing system can minimize expansion failures, increase resource capacity, reduce costs, and provide access to reliable services to customers.