Abstract: A method of conducting a network stress test includes providing a first client in communication with a first server via a client-server relationship. The method also includes setting a first frequency as a set frequency. The method further includes sending a first request from the first client to the first server at the set frequency. Additionally, the method includes sending a first response from the first server to the first client. The method also includes measuring a first elapsed time between the first request and the first response, and comparing the first elapsed time to a communication threshold.

Abstract: The disclosed techniques improve the efficiency and functionality of cloud services by providing a system for sharing individual subscriptions among multiple tenants. A cloud service provider utilizes a location-based manager to retrieve a pool of subscriptions from a cloud platform. Individual subscriptions within the pool can define a set of cloud resources for a resource unit such as a server farm. The location-based manager can assign one or multiple subscriptions for a resource unit to share amongst multiple tenants. In this way, security boundaries between individual tenants can be maintained while also dramatically reducing the number of subscriptions a cloud service provider must manage. In addition, by assigning subscriptions at the granularity of resource units rather than tenants, the location-based manager can enhance the security of the cloud platform by creating a logical zone about individual resource units to serve as an additional security boundary.

Abstract: An Edge Compute Network (“ECN”) may provide compute devices with configurable compute resources at different network edges for selective localized and low latency execution of user-defined operations. A user may provide a set of operations in any of several supported programming languages, and the ECN may create an executable environment that can execute the set of operations using the compute resources of any ECN compute device. A function manager for a compute device may selectively initialize, based on requests to execute the set of operations and an initialization policy, the executable environment so that the set of operations can be directly executed using the compute resources of that compute device upon request. The function manager may also selectively remove initialized executable environments based on compute device resource utilization, executable environment usage, and a removal policy.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to availability level-based service management. In an embodiment, a computer-implemented method is disclosed. According to the method, it is detected initiation of a request from a first microservice to a second microservice. The first and second microservices are comprised in a plurality of microservices of an application. The request comprises an expected availability level for the application. In response to a current availability level of the application being higher than or equal to the expected availability level and in response to determining that the execution of the second microservice is unavailable, the request is caused to be routed to a simulated microservice of the second microservice. The simulated microservice is configured to return to the first microservice a dummy response to the request. In other embodiments, a system and a computer program product are disclosed.

Abstract: A system for vaultless tokenization and encryption includes an iframe service for collecting data and a tokenization service for (de)tokenizing and encrypting/decrypting data. The system is accessible to users and partners that submit requests causing various functions to be executed by the system. The functions include, but are not limited to, providing (de)tokenization and/or encryption services, and managing and creating templates for iframe collection, (de)tokenization, and encryption/decryption. A template service facilitates generation of templates that parametrize collection of original data via served iframe elements, tokenization and/or encryption of original data, and detokenizing and/or decrypting tokens to recover original data. An iframe service is configured for providing a virtual terminal, an iframe that provides users direct access to (de)tokenization and/or decryption/encryption services.

Abstract: A system for applying metadata tags based on metadata tag groups is described. The system includes a plurality of compute nodes configured to provide a plurality of computing resources for clients of a provider network and a resource tag manager for the provider network. The resource tag manager is configured to receive, from a first client of an account of the provider network, a creation request to establish a resource attribute group comprising a plurality of resource keys and a plurality of resource values, wherein respective metadata keys correspond to respective resource values. The resource tag manager may receive, from a second client of the account, an application request to apply the resource attribute group to a computing resource and apply the plurality of resource keys and the plurality of resource values to metadata maintained for the computing resource.

Abstract: A cluster data replication system includes a plurality of network elements and controllers. The controllers form a cluster that is able to elect one of the controllers as a master controller with the others being follower controllers. The elected controller updates, responsive to being elected the master controller, state information in a system database of the elected controller to indicate that the elected one of the controllers is the master controller. The master controller includes one or more objects that are enabled in reaction to the state information, and which coordinate replication of changes to the data, system database, and state information from the master to the follower controllers. Each follower controller includes one or more objects able to, in reaction to the state information, disable initiation of the replication of changes to the data, system database and state information by the one or more objects in each follower controller.

Abstract: Techniques are used for balancing load on a storage system according to multiple variables. The techniques may be used to provide, among other things, defining, across at least two variables, a balance constraint for a load on a storage system. Among a set of transfers of volumes from one node to another node in the storage system, a transfer of a volume that minimizes the distance between the load and an ideal balanced state of the storage system is identified. The identified transfer of a volume is added to a combination of transfers of volumes. Whether the combination of transfers of volumes meets the balance constraint is determined. If the combination meets the balance constraint, the combination is selected as a solution to balance the load.

Abstract: A method for securing a serverless application including: (a) receiving a list of components which make up the serverless application and one or more intended usage flows of the serverless application; (b) creating and applying a security policy for each component of the serverless application, the security policy denying all access requests except from authorized components, wherein the authorized components are selected based on access requirements dictated by the one or more intended usage flows.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure disclose a method and apparatus for acquiring information. The method may include: acquiring cloud resource use information; comparing the cloud resource use information with a use rate threshold value, to obtain a comparison result; obtaining use state information of a cloud resource corresponding to the cloud resource use information according to the comparison result; and generating cloud resource state information based on the use state information.

Abstract: A first forwarding VM may execute in a first availability zone and have a first IP address. Similarly, a second forwarding VM may execute in a second availability zone and have a second IP address. The first and second IP addresses may be recorded with a cloud DNS web service of a cloud provider such that both receive requests from applications directed to a particular DNS name acting as a single endpoint. A service cluster may include a master VM node and a standby VM node. An IPtable in each forwarding VM may forward a request having a port value to a cluster port value associated with the master VM node. Upon a failure of the master VM node, the current standby VM node may be promoted to execute in master mode and the IPtables may be updated to now forward requests having the port value to a cluster port value associated with the newly promoted master VM node (which was previously the standby VM node).

Abstract: Service assurance is provided. A low priority pod corresponding to a low priority service in an orchestration platform that is to be evicted due to a predicted peak load period of a high priority service is identified based on analysis of historical and resource information. The low priority service corresponding to the low priority pod that is to be evicted due to the predicted peak load period of the high priority service is marked as an assured service for a guaranteed run in response to receiving an input from a user who was notified regarding eviction of the low priority pod. The low priority pod corresponding to the low priority service that is to be evicted due to the predicted peak load period of the high priority service is provisioned on a second host node prior to the eviction of the low priority pod from a first host node.

Abstract: An information processing system including Application Platform capable of communicating with Edge1 connected to each other to be able to communicate each other, in which Application Platform includes a second processor, information on microservices and data possessed by Edge1, and performance information describing the performance of Edge1, and the second processor uses predetermined data to combine a plurality of predetermined microservices and causes Edge1 to execute them in a predetermined order. When executing the application, microservices and data are moved between Edge1 based on the information of the microservices and the data possessed by Edge1, and the performance information.

Abstract: A device may include a processor configured to determine a plurality of requirements for a Multi-Access Edge Computing (MEC) application requested by a customer; select a solution blueprint for the MEC application, from a set of solution blueprints, based on the determined plurality of requirements, wherein the solution blueprint includes an application deployment blueprint and a connectivity blueprint; and receive approval of the selected solution blueprint from the customer. The processor may be further configured to configure at least one transport network device based on the connectivity blueprint, in response to receiving the approval of the selected solution blueprint from the customer; and deploy at least one component of the MEC application on a MEC device in a MEC network based on the application deployment blueprint, in response to receiving the approval of the selected solution blueprint from the customer.

Abstract: A registrar entity, such as a service layer gateway, obtains the service capabilities requirements or preferences of a new registree entity, such as an application, and only accepts a registration of the registree if the registrar has sufficient remaining service capacities to meet the service capabilities requirements or preferences of the registree entity while ensuring that the provision of support to existing registree entities is not impacted. If the registrar lacks the capabilities to satisfy the requirements or preferences, it may contact a server to identify another registrar which has the capabilities. Updates to requirements or preference may originate at any node, e.g., at a user equipment device or a service.

Abstract: This document describes modeling and simulation techniques to select a cloud architecture profile based on correlations between application workloads and resource utilization. In some aspects, a method includes obtaining infrastructure data specifying utilization of computing resources of an existing computing system. Application workload data specifying tasks performed by one or more applications running on the existing computing system is obtained. One or more models are generated based on the infrastructure data and the application workload data. The model(s) define an impact on utilization of each computing resource in response to changes in workloads of the application(s). A workload is simulated, using the model(s), on a candidate cloud architecture profile that specifies a set of computing resources. A simulated utilization of each computing resource of the candidate cloud architecture profile is determined based on the simulation.

Abstract: A control apparatus and method for a wireless communication system supporting cognitive radio. The control apparatus includes an acquisition unit and a management unit. The acquisition unit is configured to acquire information about at least one factor capable of affecting performance of transferring an access request for a frequency spectrum resource by a communication apparatus, the access request being used for making a request to a device which controls the frequency spectrum allocation for allocating a frequency spectrum to the communication apparatus. The management unit is configured to receive the access request sent by the communication apparatus, and optimize a route for the access request of the communication apparatus according to the acquired factor in the case that the access request contains information indicating that the communication apparatus is a slave apparatus of another communication apparatus.

Abstract: A high performance computing environment includes a plurality of computing resources, a plurality of tenant clouds organized from the plurality of computing resources, and an Infrastructure as a Service resource manager. The Infrastructure as a Service resource manager further includes a plurality of Infrastructure as a Service system interfaces and a portal. In operation, a cloud user interacts over a secure link and through the portal with the Infrastructure as a Service system interfaces to perform cloud tasks relative to a particular one of a plurality of tenant clouds of the high performance computing environment.

Abstract: A method and a system for distributing load in a network including a requesting node and a set of external processing nodes are disclosed. The method comprises sending an Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) message to each external processing node of the set of external processing nodes. The method further comprises identifying one or more external processing nodes from the set of external processing nodes as responding nodes based on a receipt of response to a corresponding ICMP message thereto. The method further comprises selecting an external processing node from the identified responding nodes as a most suitable external processing node having capability to fulfill a video processing request submitted by the requesting node. The method further comprises sending a transmission package from the requesting node to the selected external processing node for processing thereof. The method further comprises receiving a binary response from the selected external processing node.

Abstract: System and method for providing secure execution environments in a computer system uses an enclave virtual computing instance to create a secure execution environment, which is deployed in response to a request for such a secure execution environment for content from a software process running in the computer system.

Abstract: A method for activating a mobile device in a network is disclosed wherein the network further comprises at least one display device coupled to a sensor. This method comprises: detecting the mobile device via the sensor coupled to the display device; displaying a virtual device representative of the detected mobile device on the display device such that the position of the virtual device on the display device is linked to the position of the mobile device in the capture field of the sensor; activating the mobile device in the network when a determined action is applied by the user to the mobile device. A display device and a system implementing the method are further disclosed.

Abstract: A system and method are provided to derive Virtual Network Function (VNF) infrastructure and networking requirements from the virtual network function descriptor and network services descriptor definitions (extended). This results in a fully automated system for VIM creation and VNF onboarding in order to prepare the infrastructure for VNF instantiation.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed to implement a thread sensor generation system to generate thread sensors for extracting side channel information about other executing threads on a multithreading CPU. In embodiments, the system generates a set of sensors for evaluation. Each sensor may include a sequence of arithmetic or logic operations between variables or constants, which will cause a particular resource usage pattern by the CPU. The sensors are executed on the CPU in parallel with instances of a victim thread to measure an execution slowdown profile of the sensor thread caused by CPU resource conflicts with the victim thread. Based on the execution slowdown profiles, a sensitivity metric is calculated for each sensor, which is used to select the best sensor(s) for the victim thread. Sensors generated using the disclosed techniques can be used to extract secret information via side-channel attacks on currently available multithreaded processors.

Abstract: A request processing method and apparatus, an electronic device, and a computer storage medium are provided, which are related to the technical field of cloud computing. The request processing method includes: receiving a content delivery network (CDN) request; acquiring a dynamic code corresponding to the CDN request, wherein the dynamic code is a pre-configured code; compiling the dynamic code in real time to obtain a compiled code; and executing the compiled code. The request processing method provided in an embodiment of the present application may improve the flexibility of request processing of a CND system, and has no concurrency limitation.

Abstract: Systems and methods for operating a messaging system are provided. An example method includes receiving a first authorization from a user to use a self-image of the user in a personalized video, receiving a second authorization from the user to use a further self-image of a further user in the personalized video, sending, after the first and second authorizations have been received, the personalized video including at least part of the self-image of the user, at least part of the further self-image of the further user, and at least part of a stock video to the further user, and receiving an indication of whether the further user has authorized using the further self-image in the personalized video.

Abstract: The disclosure describes systems and methods for minimizing latency for users accessing services hosted on a cloud-computing system. A service of the cloud-computing system periodically queries edge sites of the cloud-computing system for information regarding containers stored on the edge sites. In response to the queries, the edge sites provide information identifying containers hosted on the edge sites, prefixes that the containers service, and connection locations where traffic from the prefixes enter the cloud-computing system. The service may determine whether the connection locations have changed. If a connection location for a prefix has changed, the service modifies a location of a container servicing the prefix. The service may migrate the container to a current connection location for the prefix. Modifying the location may reduce latency experienced by users behind the prefix.

Abstract: The invention provides in some aspects a routing network comprising one or more nodes, at least one of which executes a process that routes received messages—and/or the digital data packets that make them up—to downstream nodes (i.e., further routing nodes or terminal nodes, within or outside or off the network) based on directives maintained in a routing table or other store (“routing table”) local to or otherwise associated with the receiving node. That node is responsive to interrupts or other notifications received from a control module with which it is in communications coupling for updating those directives with information supplied with that notification or otherwise available in connection therewith. As subsequent messages are received by the node, the process routes them to downstream nodes based on those updated directives.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the invention provide a method for deploying software-implemented resources in a software defined datacenter (SDDC). The method initially receives a hierarchical API command that, in a declarative format, specifies several operation requests for several software-defined (SD) resources at several resource levels of a resource hierarchy in the SDDC. The method parses the API command to identify the SD resources at the plurality of resource levels. Based on the parsed API command, the method deploys the SD resources by using a deployment process that ensures that any first SD resource on which a second SD resource depends is deployed before the second resource. In some embodiments, a second SD resource depends on a first SD resource when the second SD resource is a child of the first SD resource. Alternatively, or conjunctively, a second SD resource can also depend on a first SD resource in some embodiments when the second SD resource has some operational dependency on the first SD resource.

Abstract: A method includes various operations and a computer program product causes a processor to perform various operations. The operations may include measuring a level of utilization of a field-replaceable unit in a computing system; determining, for each field-replaceable unit, a current configuration of the field-replaceable unit, wherein the current configuration of the field-replaceable unit has a first designated utilization level; and determining whether the measured level of utilization is greater than the first designated level of utilization. The operations further include identifying, in response to determining that the measured level of utilization is greater than the first designated level of utilization, a second configuration of the field-replaceable unit having a second designated utilization level that is greater than the measured level of utilization of the field-replaceable unit; and applying a feature on demand upgrade to the field-replaceable unit to implement the second configuration.

Abstract: Processes for managing computing processes within a plurality of data centers configured to provide a cloud computing environment are described. An exemplary process includes executing a process on a first host of a plurality of hosts. When the process is executing on the first host, a first network identifier associated with the plurality of hosts is not a network identifier of a pool of network identifiers associated with the cloud computing environment and first and second route tables respectively corresponding to first and second data centers of the plurality of data centers associate the first network identifier with the first host. The exemplary process further includes detecting an event associated with the process. In response to detecting the event associated with the process, the first and second route tables are respectively updated to associate the first network identifier with a second host of the plurality of hosts.

Abstract: A system may include multiple computing nodes, each including a hypervisor, a controller virtual machine and multiple virtual machines. The hypervisor may include a host agent configured to start a service and determine whether a performance of the service has met a criteria. If the performance of the service has met the criteria, the hypervisor may further determine whether the service has any pending critical operations, and if no critical operations are pending, stop the service. In some examples, each service may create a process configured to monitor the performance of the service. Examples of the performance of the service may include memory utilization and the service response time.

Abstract: A method for a multi-cluster warehouse includes allocating processing units as part of a data warehouse. The processing units access data within one or more databases in cloud storage resources. The method also includes providing one or more queries to each processing unit within the data warehouse. In response to the queries, each processing unit performs database operations on a particular portion of a database table. The method also includes monitoring a workload of the processing units to determine that a processing capacity of the processing units has reached a threshold processing capacity. The method also includes dynamically adding additional processing units to and removing processing units from the data warehouse as needed based on a workload of the processing units.

Abstract: Provided are a method for responding to a paging. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the method includes receiving a configuration of a pre-allocated resource, receiving, in a paging occasion, information on type of resource for a response message, transmitting the response message on the pre-allocated resource, based on that the information informs the pre-allocated resource.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide a novel method for distributing control-channel communication load between multiple controllers in a network control system. In some embodiments, the controllers manage physical forwarding elements that forward data between several computing devices (also called hosts or host computers), some or all of which execute one or more virtual machines (VMs). The method of some embodiments distributes a controller assignment list to the host computers. The host computers use this list to identify the controllers with which they need to interact to perform some of the forwarding operations of their associated logical forwarding elements. In some embodiments, agents executing on the host computers (1) review the controller assignment list to identify the appropriate controllers, and (2) establish control channel communications with these controllers to obtain the needed data for effectuating the forwarding operations of their associated physical forwarding elements.

Abstract: Various examples are directed to systems and methods for migrating persistences of a plurality of source applications to a target environment. A migration tool may access a first source table and a second source table. The migration tool may generate mapping data relating the first source table and the second source table to a unified table, the mapping data relating a first field of the first source table to a first column of the unified table, the mapping data also relating a first field of the second source table to the first column of the unified table. The migration tool may migrate migration data from the first source table and the second source table to the unified table at a database management system executing at the target environment using the mapping data.

Abstract: A network interface can process a workload request and determine a resource to use to perform the workload request and to generate an executable for execution by the determined resource. A client device or software can determine available resource types. The client device or software can issue a request to perform a workload using a particular resource type. Using telemetry data and performance indicators of available resources, the network interface can select a resource to use to perform the workload. The network interface can translate a workload instruction into a format acceptable by the selected resource and provide the instruction in executable format to the selected resource.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention are directed to memories used in server applications. More specifically, embodiments of the present invention provide a server that has memory management module that is connected to the processor using one or more DDR channels. The memory management module is configured to provide the processor local access and network access to memories on a network. There are other embodiments as well.

Abstract: An industrial integrated development environment (IDE) supports open or extensible application programming interfaces (APIs) that enable end users (e.g., plant asset owners, original equipment manufacturers (OEM), system integrators, etc.) to build upon the IDE's development platform to create custom views or to code custom functionality. This can include, for example, defining a control programming syntax supported by the industrial IDE, customizing a development environment view afforded by the IDE's interface, modifying or creating project editing functions, defining customized programming guardrails designed to guide compliance with in-house programming standards, or other such IDE customizations.

Abstract: A device may receive information identifying existing virtual network functions (VNFs) associated with an existing virtual radio access network (VRAN), and may receive information identifying proposed VNFs to deploy with the existing VRAN, wherein the information identifying the proposed VNFs includes VNF descriptors indicating interface dependencies associated with the proposed VNFs. The device may generate testing configurations, for testing the proposed VNFs, based on the interface dependencies, and may determine that a set of the proposed VNFs are validated based on testing the proposed VNFs with the testing configurations. The device may derive dependency constraints for the set of the proposed VNFs based on the information identifying the existing VNFs, and may select a new VNF that satisfies the dependency constraints, based on the set of the proposed VNFs. The device may cause the new VNF to be deployed with the existing VRAN.

Abstract: A messaging system receives a registration from a first microservice for one or more event types to publish, and the registration includes an event report policy. The messaging system receives a first event, and the first event is described by the event report policy. The first event is monitored as it is processed by a second microservice. An event report describing the results of the monitoring is delivered to the first microservice.

Abstract: During operation, an electronic device receives a packet or a frame associated with a second electronic device, where the packet or the frame includes information specifying a factory reset command. For example, the second electronic device may be a dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP) server or may perform functions of a DHCP server. Moreover, the packet or the frame may include an acknowledgment (ACK) in a discover, offer, request and acknowledgment (DORA) procedure, and the information may be included in an option 43 subfield or an option 52 subfield in the packet or the frame. In response to receiving the factory reset command, the electronic device performs a factory reset. Note that the factory reset may restore firmware in the electronic device to a factory-fresh version and a configuration of the electronic device to a factory-fresh state, may erase memory in the electronic device.

Abstract: Methods and systems for automatically presenting a hierarchical graphical representation of the structure of the computer network are provided. A computer-implemented method includes obtaining network topology data, determining at least one core node at a highest level in a hierarchy from a plurality of nodes based on the network topology data, grouping at least a part of non-core nodes among the nodes into one or more supernodes based on the obtained network topology data, selecting, with respect each of the one or more supernodes, a single supernode or node at a hierarchical level immediately higher than thereof, as a parent node, determining a spatial coordinate of each of the plurality of nodes based on the at least one core node, the one or more supernodes, and the parent node of each of the one or more supernodes, and presenting the hierarchical graphical representation.

Abstract: A network device in a Multi-Access Edge Computing (MEC) cluster may receive a request for a service that requires use of a resource of a first type; and determine whether a resource utilization level, associated with the resource, at a MEC device in the MEC cluster exceeds a threshold. When the network device determines that the resource utilization level exceeds the threshold, the network device may determine whether a candidate MEC device is available within the MEC cluster to provide a resource of the first type; and enable the service to be provided.

Abstract: Techniques are described for communications in an L2 virtual network. In an example, the L2 virtual network includes a plurality of L2 compute instances hosted on a set of host machines and a plurality of L2 virtual network interfaces and L2 virtual switches hosted on a set of network virtualization devices. An L2 virtual network interface emulates an L2 port of the L2 virtual network. IGMP configuration is distributed to the L2 virtual switches.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a system for managing a virtualization environment includes a plurality of host machines, wherein each of the host machines comprises a hypervisor and one or more user virtual machines (user VMs), and a virtual machine controller, one or more virtual disks comprising a plurality of storage devices, a virtualized file server (VFS) comprising a plurality of file server virtual machines (FSVMs), wherein each of the FSVMs is running on one of the host machines. The VFS may be configured to receive a request for storage system information from a user and generate and send a response to the request, wherein the response is customized according to configuration information of the VFS that is specific to the user. The storage system information requested may include a total size of storage available to the user, and the user may have an associated storage quota limit.

Abstract: A communication method includes: sending, by a policy control network element, first query information to a data analytics network element, where the first query information is used to obtain service quality information; and receiving, by the policy control network element, first response information sent by the data analytics network element, where the first response information includes the quality information that is of the service and that is requested using the first query information.

Abstract: System and methods are described to register FQDN-based IP service endpoints at network attachment points. One embodiment takes the form of a method comprising: receiving, at a server-side network access point (sNAP) in an information-centric network (ICN), a registration request including a first fully qualified domain name (FQDN), a port, a transport protocol, and a service name of an IP server; publishing, at the sNAP, the port, the transport protocol, and the service name to a first content identifier (CID); and subscribing, at the sNAP, to a second CID that is based on the FQDN.

Abstract: A slice operation device managing a plurality of slices to each of which a service using the virtual network is allocated, the slice operation device including: a slice information holding unit configured to hold allowable diversion degree information that is information on a resource amount which can be diverted to transmission and reception using a slice different from a slice in question, among resources regarding the slice in question, the allowable diversion degree information being held for each of the plurality of slices; and a signal control unit configured, in a case where resources of one of the plurality of slices are insufficient, to cause resources of a slice different from the slice whose resources are insufficient to be diverted to transmission and reception of a signal using the slice whose resources are insufficient, based on the allowable diversion degree information held by the slice information holding unit.

Abstract: Systems and methods for managing network resources are disclosed. One method can comprise receiving first information relating to network traffic parameters and receiving second information relating to one or more contextual events having an effect on the network traffic parameters. The first information and the second information and be correlated. And one or more network resources can be allocated based on the correlation of the first information and the second information.

Abstract: An example method is provided to deploy an application in multiple cloud computing environments. The method may comprise a computing system generating a first request to deploy an application in a first cloud computing environment according to a first deployment plan and a second request to deploy the application in a second cloud computing environment according to a second deployment plan. The method may comprise selecting, from multiple communication components configured on the computing system, a first communication component to communicate with a first orchestration node in the first cloud computing environment and a second communication component to communicate with a second orchestration node in the second cloud computing environment. The method may further comprise sending the first request to the first orchestration node via the first communication component, and the second request to the second orchestration node via the second communication component.