Abstract: A built-in memory is divided into the following two types: first memories 5 and 7 and second memories 4 and 6, and made accessible in parallel by third buses XAB and XDB and second buses YAB and YDB respectively. Thereby, a CPU core 2 can simultaneously transfer two data values from the built-in memory to a DSP engine 3. Moreover, the third buses XAB and XDB and the second buses YAB and YDB are also separate from first buses IAB and IDB to be externally interfaced and the CPU core 2 can access an external memory in parallel with the access to the second memories 4 and 6 and the first memories 5 and 7.

Abstract: A method for limiting the size of a local storage of a processor is provided. A facility is provided in association with a processor for setting a local storage size limit. This facility is a privileged facility and can only be accessed by the operating system running on a control processor in the multiprocessor system or the associated processor itself The operating system sets the value stored in the local storage limit register when the operating system initializes a context switch in the processor. When the processor accesses the local storage using a request address, the local storage address corresponding to the request address is compared against the 1ocal storage limit size value in order to determine if the local storage address, or a modulo of the local storage address, is used to access the local storage.

Abstract: A NOR emulating device using a controller and NAND memories can be used in a computer system in placed of the main memory or in place of the BIOS NOR memory. Thus, the emulating device can function as a bootable memory. In addition, the device can act as a cache to the hard disk drive. Further, with the addition of an MP3 player controller into the device, the device can function as a stand alone audio playback device, even while the PC is turned off or is in a hibernating mode. Finally with the MP3 player controller, the device can access additional audio data stored on the hard drive, again with the PC in an off mode or a hibernating mode. Finally, the device can function to operate the disk drive, even while the PC is off or is in a hibernating mode, and control USB ports attached thereto.

Abstract: Methods and cores using an existing processor implemented in a Programmable Logic Device (PLD) to emulate a target processor, where the existing and target processors support different instruction sets and conform to different bus interface protocols. A bus interface unit is coupled to an existing processor in a PLD. The bus interface unit is implemented using the programmable logic resources of the PLD, while the existing processor can be a dedicated processor or an existing “soft” processor. The bus interface unit acts as a peripheral device to translate bus transactions from the existing bus protocol (i.e., the bus protocol understood by the existing processor) to the target bus protocol. In addition, a stored emulation program emulates the target instruction set while executing instructions using the instruction set supported by the existing processor.

Abstract: A mixed architecture system on chip is provided by combining a CoreConnect system on chip architecture with an AMBA system on chip architecture. To eliminate data transfer and bus error that could occur in the mixed architecture, an additional peripheral bus and bridge are provided to manage communication with AHB resources.

Abstract: A network processor includes a system-onchip (SoC) macro core and functions as a single chip protocol converter that receives packets generating according to a first protocol type and processes the packets to implement protocol conversion and generates converted packets of a second protocol type for output thereof, the process of protocol conversion being performed entirely within the SoC macro core. The process of protocol conversion contained within the SoC macro core does not require the processing resources of a host system. The system-on chip macro core includes a bridge device for coupling a local bus in the protocol converting multiprocessor SoC macro core local bus to peripheral interfaces coupled to a system bus.

Abstract: The invention describes a method and an arrangement for writing to NV memories in a controller architecture, together with a corresponding computer program product and a corresponding computer-readable storage medium, which may be used in particular to speed up writing or programming processes in NV code memories of microcontrollers, such as for example smart card controllers. The method consists in extending the instruction set of the controller by so-called MOVCWR (move code write) instructions, which make it possible to write a defined data word (byte) to a defined destination address within an NV code memory. The data word (byte) is here written to the correct position of the cache page register of the respective NV memory and the page address pointer register of the memory is updated with the associated page address. If an MMU (memory management unit) is present, this MOVCWR writing to the cache page register takes place, like MOVC reading or code fetch, under the control of this MMU.

Abstract: A built-in memory is divided into the following two types: first memories 5 and 7 and second memories 4 and 6, and made accessible in parallel by third buses XAB and XDB and second buses YAB and YDB respectively. Thereby, a CPU core 2 can simultaneously transfer two data values from the built-in memory to a DSP engine 3. Moreover, the third buses XAB and XDB and the second buses YAB and YDB are also separate from first buses IAB and IDB to be externally interfaced and the CPU core 2 can access an external memory in parallel with the access to the second memories 4 and 6 and the first memories 5 and 7.

Abstract: A System-on-Chip (SoC) component comprising a single independent multiprocessor subsystem core including a plurality of multiple processors, each multiple processor having a local memory associated therewith forming a processor cluster; and a switch fabric means connecting each processor cluster within an SoC integrated circuit (IC). The single SoC independent multiprocessor subsystem core is capable of performing multi-threading operation processing for SoC devices when configured as a DSP, coprocessor, Hybrid ASIC, or network processing arrangements. The switch fabric means additionally interconnects a SoC local system bus device with SoC processor components with the independent multiprocessor subsystem core.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for a data processing system are described herein. In one aspect of the invention, an exemplary apparatus includes a chip interconnect, a memory controller for controlling the host memory comprising DRAM memory, the memory controller coupled to the chip interconnect, a scalar processing unit coupled the chip interconnect wherein the scalar processing unit is capable of executing instructions to perform scalar data processing, a vector processing unit coupled the chip interconnect wherein the vector processing unit is capable of executing instructions to perform vector data processing, and an input/output (I/O) interface coupled to the chip interconnect wherein the I/O interface receives/transmits data from/to the scalar and/or vector processing units.

Abstract: In a two-dimensional layout, the bus signal lines are arranged such that adjacent signal lines are of different buses. The different buses transmit signals changed at different timings. The signal lines of the same buses transmit signals changed substantially at the same timing. Thus, cross-talk noise between signal lines can be reduced without widening a bus line pitch.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a global management system for a multimodule, multiprocessor machine (PK). The system is characterized in that it comprises an independent module (SM) dedicated to the global management of a plurality of first modules (M1 through Mn), the independent module (SM) being connected to a management tool (BUMP) for each of the first modules (M1 through Mn) by a first specific link supporting a given communication protocol that makes it possible to manage each of the first modules at the startup of the machine, during the running of the machine, and after the machine stops running, the independent module (SM) being connected to each of the first modules via a second link, and the independent module also being globally connected to the multimodule machine (PK) via a physical link of a local area network (LAN) linked to at least two of the first modules (M2 and M3).

Abstract: A new general method for building hybrid processors achieves higher performance in applications by allowing more powerful, tightly-coupled instruction set extensions to be implemented in reconfigurable logic. New instructions set configurations can be discovered and designed by automatic and semi-automatic methods. Improved reconfigurable execution units support deep pipelining, addition of additional registers and register files, compound instructions with many source and destination registers and wide data paths. New interface methods allow lower latency, higher bandwidth connections between hybrid processors and other logic.

Abstract: A memory device for reducing the number of data read lines needed in a memory device. Specifically, multiple helper flip-flops are used to prefetch data in a memory device. The helper flip-flops are configured to latch one or two of the data bits from a 4-bit prefetch in an alternating periodic fashion, thereby necessitating fewer data lines.

Abstract: Provided is a data bus system for a micro controller which has an input/output (I/O) unit, a central processing unit (CPU), an internal memory unit, and a peripheral circuitry. The data bus system includes an external access bus used when data is output from the CPU or data is input to the I/O unit or the internal memory unit; an internal access bus used when data is input to the CPU, data is output from the I/O unit or the internal memory unit, or data is input to or output from the peripheral circuitry; and an internal memory test bus used when data is output from the internal memory unit and input to the I/O unit.

Abstract: A computation core includes a computation block, an addressing block and an instruction sequencer, which are coupled to a memory through a memory interface. The computation block includes a register file and dual execution units. The execution units include features for enhanced performance in executing digital signal computations. The computation core is configured for executing digital signal processor instructions and microcontroller instructions, while achieving efficient digital signal processor computation and high code density. A finite impulse response filter algorithm achieves high performance on the dual execution units.

Abstract: A microprocessor system includes a plurality of modules, among them a microprocessor and at least one storage module for storing the code and/or data for the microprocessor. Stored, in a non-changeable manner, in at least one of the modules, referred to as exchange-protected module, is a serial number of this module. A control module is configured to receive a data value specified by the at least one serial number and to block, at least partially, the function of the microprocessor system if the received data value does not match an expected data value encoded in the control module.

Abstract: A computer system architecture in which functionally compatible electronic components are located on modular printed circuit boards. Thus, a type of processor used by the system can be changed by replacing the printed circuit board incorporating the processor. Similarly a type of peripheral bus used can be changed simply by replacing the printed circuit board containing the peripheral controller. High-density connectors connect the circuit boards. Some embodiments of the invention use a single backplane. Other embodiments place peripheral slots on a second, passive backplane.

Abstract: This invention generally relates to one or more computer networks having computers like personal computers or network servers with microprocessors linked by broadband transmission means and having hardware, software, firmware, and other means such that at least one parallel processing operation occurs that involve at least two computers in the network. More particularly, this invention relates to one or more large networks composed of smaller networks and large numbers of computers connected, like the Internet, wherein more than one separate parallel processing operation involving more than one different set of computers occurs simultaneously and wherein ongoing processing linkages can be established between virtually any microprocessors of separate computers connected to the network.

Abstract: An inter-integrated circuit port comprising an electrical connector for communicatively coupling to an I2C bus and a controller coupled to the electrical connector. The controller controls data communication flow through the electrical connector, including preventing the electrical connector from unauthorized access to the data.

Abstract: A processor (12) to coprocessor (14) interface supporting multiple coprocessors (14, 16) utilizes compiler generatable software type function call and return, instruction execute, and variable load and store interface instructions. Data is moved between the processor (12) and coprocessor (14) on a bi-directional shared bus (28) either implicitly through register snooping and broadcast, or explicitly through function call and return and variable load and store interface instructions. The load and store interface instructions allow selective memory address preincrementation. The bi-directional bus (28) is potentially driven both ways on each clock cycle. The interface separates interface instruction decode and execution. Pipelined operation is provided by indicating decoded instruction discard by negating a decode signal before an execute signal is asserted.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for configuration of multiple context processing elements (MCPEs) are described. The method and an apparatus is capable of selectively transmitting data over a bidirectional shared bus network including a plurality of channels between pairs of MCPEs in the networked array. The method and an apparatus then selectively transmits a sideband bit indicating a direction in which the data is transmitted in the shared bus network.

Abstract: An instruction-programmable processor, such as a digital signal processor, having a level one program cache memory and instruction buffer subsystem, is disclosed. The subsystem includes a loop cache subsystem that includes a branch cache register file for storing instruction opcodes corresponding to a sequence of fetch addresses beginning with a base address. If the fetch address issued by the instruction fetch unit is a hit relative to the loop cache subsystem loop cache control logic disables reads from program data RAM in favor of accesses to the branch cache register file. The branch cache register file can be loaded with opcodes beginning with each backward branch that is a miss relative to the branch cache register file and can be loaded with opcodes beginning with backward branches that are a miss relative to the branch cache register file and that have been executed twice in succession.

Abstract: In a two-dimensional layout, the bus signal lines are arranged such that adjacent signal lines are of different buses. The different buses transmit signals changed at different timings. The signal lines of the same buses transmit signals changed substantially at the same timing. Thus, cross-talk noise between signal lines can be reduced without widening a bus line pitch.

Abstract: A data amplifier configured to allow for fewer data lines and/or increased processing speeds. Specifically, multiple helper flip-flops are used to prefetch data in a data amplifier. The helper flip-flops are configured to latch one or two of the data bits from a 4-bit prefetch in an alternating periodic fashion, thereby necessitating fewer data lines. Alternatively, the number of data lines can be maintained and faster bus processing speeds may be realized.

Abstract: A data processing device is used with peripheral devices having addressees and differing communication response periods. The data processing device includes a digital processor adapted for selecting different ones of the peripheral devices by asserting addresses of each selected peripheral device. Addressable programmable registers hold wait state values representative of distinct numbers of wait states corresponding to different address ranges. Circuitry responsive to an asserted address to the peripheral devices asserted by the digital processor generates the number of wait states represented by the value held in one of the addressable programmable registers corresponding to the one of the address ranges in which the asserted address occurs, thereby accommodating the differing communication response periods of the peripheral devices.

Abstract: A multi-processor arrangement having an interprocessor communication path between each of every possible pair of processors, in addition to I/O paths to and from the arrangement, having signal processing functions configurably embedded in series with the communication paths and/or the I/O paths. Each processor is provided with a local memory which can be accessed by the local processor as well as by the other processors via the communications paths. This allows for efficient data movement from one processor's local memory to another processor's local memory, such as commonly done during signal processing corner turning operations. Configurable signal processing logic may be configured to host one or more signal processing functions which allow data to be autonomously accessed from the processor local memories, processed, and re-deposited in a local memory.

Abstract: For use in a processor having separate instruction and data buses, separate instruction and data memories and separate instruction and data units, a mechanism for, and method of, supporting self-modifying code and a digital signal processor incorporating the mechanism or the method. In one embodiment, the mechanism includes: (1) a crosstie bus coupling the instruction bus and the data unit and (2) a request arbiter, coupled between the instruction and data units, that arbitrates requests therefrom for access to the instruction memory.

Abstract: In the present invention, an input and/or output interface of at least one of a plurality of processing units forming a data processing system is designated independently of timing of execution of the processing unit, so as to allow the plurality of processing units to define various data paths at the program level.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for improving performance of a computer system by providing a direct data transfer between different processors. The system includes a first and second processor. The first processor is in need of data. The system also includes a directory in communication with the first processor. The directory receives a data request for the data and contains information as to where the data is stored. A cache is coupled to the second processor. An internal bus is coupled between the first processor and the cache to transfer the data from the cache to the first processor when the data is found to be stored in the cache.

Abstract: A system 100 fabricated on a single integrated circuit chip includes a microprocessor 101 operating from a high speed bus 102 and a peripheral bus 103 operating in conjunction with high speed bus 102 through a bus bridge 113. A first set of processing resources operate from high speed bus 102 and includes an external memory interface 108, a direct memory access engine 105 for controlling the exchange of information through memory interface 108, and a boot memory 104 for storing boot code. A second set of processing resources operate from peripheral bus 103 and includes an interrupt controller 115 for issuing interrupt requests to microprocessor 101, a set of programmable timers 117 for generating timed interrupt signals, and a phase locked loop 131 for generating timing signals.

Abstract: The template data transfer coprocessor (TDTP) offloads block data transfer operations from a mediaprocessor. A uni-block template, program-guided template, an indirect template and queue-based template are described. The TDTP includes a template interpreter that employs an event-driven control mechanism to set up a template and compute block information and block information for each template. The programming involved in defining block data transfers for video and image processing algorithms is substantially reduced by the use of these templates.

Abstract: A data switch is configured to communicate data messages in the form of multibit data unit segmented into a plurality of multibit data subunits. The data switch includes at least two separate, parallel switching units, each having a plurality of ports to communicate the multibit data subunits. Hardwired or software implemented prioritization logic provides for the initiations of transfer of data messages between the ports in response to a category of the data messages. A memory is used to store a history of prior data message transfers so that least recently transferred message types are serviced prior to those most recently switched. So as to reestablish synchronization between the parallel switching units, such as loss of a data subunit, a controller responds to a reset condition by temporarily suspending communications between affected ones of the ports and clearing the history so to recommence lock-step operations of the units.

Abstract: A data processor being provided with a data register having a double width of the width of a general purpose register for inputting/outputting data with respect to the operand access unit, and a data transfer path which is composed of a plurality of buses between the register file and the data register and which simultaneously transfers two data, in which, in the case where an LDCTX instruction which is the instruction for loading data to more than two register is executed, a combined data of two data each of which is to be loaded in different register is transferred from the operand access unit to the data register, and high order 4 bytes of data and low order 4 bytes of in the data register are simultaneously transfers to two register through two data transfer paths, respectively, and in the case where an STCTX instruction which is the instruction for storing data from more than two register is executed, contents of the two registers are simultaneously transferred to a high order 4 bytes and a low order 4 b

Abstract: A high fan-out hub array system and method is provided. The system includes at least one hub that contains user logic that receive signals from various chips and boards, and which quickly turnarounds another signal (based on the logic) out to the desired chips and boards. In a CLKGEN implementation, a global clock is generated in the hub and distributed in a high fan-out manner to all the FPGA logic chips in the system. For a bus resolution application, a hub contains bus resolution logic to resolve bus access requests. It resolves the various requests and delivers the result to all the relevant chips and boards. In a STOPWHEN application, when a STOPWHEN condition has been met, the system delivers a pause signal to all the chips and boards via the high fan-out hubs.

Abstract: An system-on-a-chip integrated circuit has a field programmable gate array core having logic clusters, static random access memory modules, and routing resources, a field programmable gate array virtual component interface translator having inputs and outputs, wherein the inputs are connected to the field programmable gate array core, a microcontroller, a microcontroller virtual component interface translator having input and outputs, wherein the inputs are connected to the microcontroller, a system bus connected to the outputs of the field programmable gate array virtual component interface translator and also to the outputs of said microcontroller virtual component interface translator, and direct connections between the microcontroller and the routing resources of the field programmable gate array core.

Abstract: A single-chip microcomputer comprising: a first bus having a central processing unit and a cache memory connected therewith; a second bus having a dynamic memory access control circuit and an external bus interface connected therewith; a break controller for connecting the first bus and the second bus selectively; a third bus having a peripheral module connected therewith and having a lower-speed bus cycle than the bus cycles of the first and second buses; and a bus state controller for effecting a data transfer and a synchronization between the second bus and the third bus. The single-chip microcomputer has the three divided internal buses to reduce the load capacity upon the signal transmission paths so that the signal transmission can be accomplished at a high speed. Moreover, the peripheral module required to have no operation speed is isolated so that the power dissipation can be reduced.

Abstract: A single-chip microcomputer comprising: a first bus having a central processing unit and a cache memory connected therewith; a second bus having a dynamic memory access control circuit and an external bus interface connected therewith; a break controller for connecting the first bus and the second bus selectively; a third bus having a peripheral module connected therewith and having a lower-speed bus cycle than the bus cycles of the first and second buses; and a bus state controller for effecting a data transfer and a synchronization between the second bus and the third bus. The single-chip microcomputer has the three divided internal buses to reduce the load capacity upon the signal transmission paths so that the signal transmission can be accomplished at a high speed. Moreover, the peripheral module required to have no operation speed is isolated so that the power dissipation can be reduced.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a bus multiplexer is between a memory and a functional unit of the integrated circuit. An input of the bus multiplexer couples to a global bus having a bit width. A local bus having a lesser bit width couples to an output of the bus multiplexer. The bus multiplexer selectively multiplexes bits of data on the global bus onto bits of the local bus. In another embodiment, an integrated circuit comprises a memory, a global bus, and a functional unit coupled together. The functional unit includes a bus multiplexer with an input coupled to the global bus, and a local bus coupled to an output of the bus multiplexer. The bus width of the local bus is less than that of the global bus. The bus multiplexer selects data from a subset of bits of the global bus to couple onto the bits of the local bus.

Abstract: A multiprocessor digital amplifier system is disclosed. A first processor is configured to decode a digital signal from a digital signal source. A second processor configured to provide control signals to the first processor. An expansion unit for communicating instructions and data between the processors and a memory device has a first port coupled to the first processor and a second port coupled to the second processor. The expansion unit includes a state generator with circuitry for selecting one of the first and second ports for receiving a memory device access grant. The first and second ports may be granted access in accordance with a selected arbitration protocol. A duration of the memory device access grant selectably constitutes one of a preselected number of accesses and a preselected timeslice. An amplifier amplifies the decoded digital signal from the first processor.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing the number of data read lines needed in a memory device. Specifically, multiple helper flip-flops are used to prefetch data in a memory device. The helper flip-flops are configured to latch one or two of the data bits from a 4-bit prefetch in an alternating periodic fashion, thereby necessitating fewer data lines.

Abstract: A computer system comprising a microprocessor architecture capable of supporting multiple processors comprising a memory array unit (MAU), an MAU system bus comprising data, address and control signal buses, an I/O bus comprising data, address and control signal buses, a plurality of I/O devices and a plurality of microprocessors. Data transfers between data and instruction caches and I/O devices and a memory and other I/O devices are handled using a switch network port data and instruction cache and I/O interface circuits. Access to the memory buses is controlled by arbitration circuits which utilize fixed and dynamic priority schemes. A test and set bypass circuit is provided for preventing a loss of memory bandwidth due to spin-locking. A content addressable memory (CAM) is used to store the address of the semaphore and is checked by devices attempting to access the memory to determine whether the memory is available before an address is placed on the memory bus.

Abstract: A device for a hierarchical connection of a plurality of functional units in a processor comprises a first connector with at least two inputs and an output, which is adapted for connecting one of the inputs to the output, a second connector with at least one input and an output, which is adapted for connecting the input to the output, and a buffer connected between the output of the second connector and the input of the first connector for buffering, for at least one clock cycle, a signal applicable to the at least one input of the second connector before H is forwarded to a further input of the first connector. The output of the first connector is connected to an input of a first functional unit. An output of a second functional unit is connected to a first input of the at least two Inputs of the first connector. The at least one input of the second connector is connected to a third functional unit.

Abstract: An asynchronous processor having pipelined instruction fetching and execution to implement concurrent execution of instructions by two or more execution units. A writeback unit is connected to execution units and memory units to control information updates and to handle precise exception. A pipelined completion mechanism can be implemented to improve the throughput.

Abstract: A digital signal processor (DSP) employs a variable-length instruction set. A portion of the variable-length instructions may be stored in adjacent locations within memory space with the beginning and ending of instructions occurring across memory word boundaries. The instructions may contain variable numbers of instruction fragments. Each instruction fragment causes a particular operation, or operations, to be performed allowing multiple operations during each clock cycle. The DSP includes multiple data buses, and in particular three data buses. The DSP may also use a register bank that has registers accessible by at least two processing units, allowing multiple operations to be performed on a particular set of data by the multiple processing units, without reading and writing the data to and from a memory. an instruction fetch unit that receives instructions of variable length stored in an instruction memory. An instruction memory may advantageously be separate from the three data memories.

Abstract: An electronic circuit package having a wiring substrate, at least two semiconductor chips and a bus line. All the semiconductor chips to be connected by means of the bus line are bare chip packaged on a wiring substrate, and the semiconductor chips and the wiring substrate are connected by wiring bonding between wire bonding pads formed on the semiconductor chips and the wiring substrate. The wiring substrate may be a multilayered substrate. Preferably, there is an insulating layer partially formed on the surface of the multilayer wiring substrate and a die bonding ground formed on the surface of the insulating layer, in order to use a portion of the multilayer wiring substrate under the die bonding ground as a wiring or a via hole region, and at least one of the semiconductor chips is formed on the die bonding ground.

Abstract: A computer system architecture in which functionally compatible electronic components are located on modular printed circuit boards. Thus, a type of processor used by the system can be changed by replacing the printed circuit board incorporating the processor. Similarly a type of peripheral bus used can be changed simply by replacing the printed circuit board containing the peripheral controller. High-density connectors connect the circuit boards. Some embodiments of the invention use a single backplane. Other embodiments place peripheral slots on a second, passive backplane.

Abstract: A distributed automation system comprising a programmable logic controller connected to programmable logic controllers equipped with a host unit and couplers communicating with the host unit through the back panel bus. One of the couplers is connected through a bus to associated equipment, wherein the coupler can communicate with the associated equipment through a server function using the TCP/IP protocol. The server coupler is provided with a mass memory containing (1) “PLC variables” type software objects that manage access to PLC variables, and (2) “manufacturer” type software objects that transform information from PLC variable objects to manufacturer-type information that can be used by the associated equipment.

Abstract: A single-chip microcomputer comprising: a first bus having a central processing unit and a cache memory connected therewith; a second bus having a dynamic memory access control circuit and an external bus interface connected therewith; a break controller for connecting the first bus and the second bus selectively; a third bus having a peripheral module connected therewith and having a lower-speed bus cycle than the bus cycles of the first and second buses; and a bus state controller for effecting a data transfer and a synchronization between the second bus and the third bus. The single-chip microcomputer has the three divided internal buses to reduce the load capacity upon the signal transmission paths so that the signal transmission can be accomplished at a high speed. Moreover, the peripheral module required to have no operation speed is isolated so that the power dissipation can be reduced.

Abstract: An initial value of read address is set in a first initial address register; an initial value of write address is set in a second initial address register; and the number of data to be accumulated by an accumulator and the frequency of repetition of accumulation are set in an accumulator count register. A controller controls the timing of output of an initial read address from a first memory controller, the timing of initialization by an initializer, and the timing of output of an initial write address from a second memory controller. Reading of data, accumulation and writing of data proceed in parallel in each cycle of accumulation.