Abstract: The forward error correction based clock and data recovery system includes a data latch for intermediately storing received data, which is triggered by a sampling clock. The system further includes an error determination unit for determining whether which of the sampled received data is wrong, and for generating out of it a phase/frequency correction signal. Furthermore, the system includes a clock generator for generating the sampling clock depending on the correction signal.

Abstract: A method, a system and network nodes using indication of possible duplicates (IPD) of units, so that these units can be handled differently than other units. The unit is indicated to be a possible duplicate to the entity to which it is resent because no response was received from the entity it was sent to.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for creating/writing defect management information of an information recording medium and an apparatus and optical disc based on the method. In the present invention, it depends on the type of data to be reproduced whether or not defective sectors which are detected during reproduction operation are replaced with non-defective sectors. If read-out errors are detected in reproducing non-audio/video data, linear replacement algorithm is applied to the corresponding defective sectors. On the other hand, in case of audio/video data, location information of the corresponding defective sectors is just kept without any sector replacement. Therefore, this invention enables to reproduce audio/video data in real-time regardless of the presence of defective sectors and to avoid writing data to the defective sectors when new data is overwritten to the information recording medium.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus to conceal an error in an audio signal, when the current frame has no error and a past frame input prior to the current frame has an error, a parameter for the past frame is generated using a parameter for the current frame and a parameter of a frame out of frames input prior to the past frame and a previously stored parameter is updated with the generated parameter, thereby concealing an error of an audio signal without additional delay and preventing degradation in sound quality in a frame that is input after a frame having an error.

Abstract: A communication system includes a destination that receives voice samples and a voice parameter generated by a source. The destination uses the voice samples and voice parameter to reconstruct voice information in response to a packet loss. The destination may reconstruct voice information from multiple sources.

Abstract: An error correction device is a device detecting and correcting an error of uncorrected data. The error correction device includes a temporary storage buffer (data buffer) having a storage area divided into a plurality of units and storing the uncorrected data divided into storage area units, and an error correction part (error correction circuit) repeatedly performing detecting an error of the uncorrected data stored in the temporary storage buffer, correcting the detected error, and writing the corrected error into the temporary storage buffer for each storage area unit. The error correction part corrects the error of the uncorrected data for storage area unit of the temporary storage buffer to successively write the corrected data into the temporary storage buffer.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus of compensating for a signal receiving error at a receiver in a packet-based communication system. In the invention, frequency offset estimation and DC offset estimation obtained in a current packet are re-used in a next packet if the receiver is an intended recipient of the current packet and the current packet is received correctly, verified by CRC-32 checking in the PHY layer and the DA checking in the MAC layer, respectively. Thereby, the overall receiver performance and stability can be improved from packet to packet and the estimation algorithm is simplified.

Abstract: Systems and methods of reducing bus turnaround time in a multiprocessor architecture are disclosed. An exemplary method may include mastering the system bus within one idle bus clock cycle of a bus handoff. The method may also include bypassing data from recovery latches and instead receiving data from pipeline latches into core logic, the received data mirroring data driven onto the system bus.

Abstract: A request change unit outputs a command as a request under control of a judgment control unit. A response condition determination unit determines a condition that is to be matched by a correct response which is to be returned from the other device-in-communication in reply to the command if the other device-in-communication operates in conformity with a protocol. A check unit checks a response received from the other device-in-communication in reply to the command, against the condition. If the received response does not match the condition but is correctable to match the condition as a result of the check, a response correction unit corrects the received response to match the condition under control of the judgment control unit.

Abstract: The assembly comprises a circuit for detecting errors in data supplied by at least one of the blocks of the assembly. When an error has been detected, the assembly is decontaminated by one circuit for backup and reconstitution of past states of a latch associated to a block. The backup and reconstitution circuit comprises a multiplexer and buffer register. The multiplexer comprises a first input directly connected to the output of the latch and a second input connected to this output via the buffer register. A control circuit controls the buffer register and the multiplexer so as to activate the buffer register writing function and connect the output of the multiplexer to its first input at each cycle, during a normal operation phase, and to read enable the buffer register and connect the multiplexer output to its second input during predetermined cycles of a decontamination phase.

Abstract: A holding device for a sensor signal comprises a signal input receiving a sensor signal, a signal output and a storage device coupled to the signal input and output. The storage device is designed to store a signal value in a first state and to update it based on the sensor signal in a second state. The storage device stores the signal value for a time period which is greater than a first predetermined time duration, independently of a supply voltage of the storage device. The holding device outputs the signal value present in the storage device. The holding device furthermore comprises a monitoring device, which is effectively coupled to the storage device and determines whether the sensor signal present at the signal input is valid. The monitoring device ensures that the storage device is in the second state only when the monitoring device identifies that the sensor signal is valid.

Abstract: In an embodiment, there is disclosed a system for derivation of missing data objects from test data. The system may include a data populator having code for: (1) generating data objects from the test data, (2) arranging the data objects in a tree structure, (3) deriving the missing data objects from the tree structure, and (4) populating the missing data objects into the tree structure; a data model in communication with the data populator; and a plurality of clients in communication with the data model. In an embodiment, a method of derivation of missing data objects from test data is disclosed. The method may include generating data objects from the test data; arranging the data objects in a tree structure; deriving the missing data objects from the tree structure; and populating the missing data objects into the tree structure. Other embodiments are also disclosed.

Abstract: There is disclosed systems and methods for testing a memory where at least one bit field at certain address locations cannot be directly accessed. In one embodiment, random bits are populated into a data field at one of the certain address locations, and at least some of the random data bits that are copied into non-directly accessible data field. The bits which were copied from the data field are replaced with bits resulting from X/ORing the copied data bits with bits read from the non-directly accessible field, and all the data field bits as the address locations are checked for mismatched data bits.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for creating/writing defect management information of an information recording medium and an apparatus and optical disc based on the method. In the present invention, it depends on the type of data to be reproduced whether or not defective sectors which are detected during reproduction operation are replaced with non-defective sectors. If read-out errors are detected in reproducing non-audio/video data, linear replacement algorithm is applied to the corresponding defective sectors. On the other hand, in case of audio/video data, location information of the corresponding defective sectors is just kept without any sector replacement. Therefore, this invention enables to reproduce audio/video data in real-time regardless of the presence of defective sectors and to avoid writing data to the defective sectors when new data is overwritten to the information recording medium.

Abstract: Main line data as video data and low-resolution data obtained by lowering the resolution of the video data and the data amount thereof is recorded on an optical disk. The main line data and the low-resolution data are read from the optical disk. While the main line data and the low-resolution data are decoded, the main line data is detected for an error. If the main line data is found not having an error, then the decode result of the main line data is outputted. If the main line data is found having an error, then the decode result of the low-resolution data is outputted.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for creating/writing defect management information of an information recording medium and an apparatus and optical disc based on the method. In the present invention, it depends on the type of data to be reproduced whether or not defective sectors which are detected during reproduction operation are replaced with non-defective sectors. If read-out errors are detected in reproducing non-audio/video data, linear replacement algorithm is applied to the corresponding defective sectors. On the other hand, in case of audio/video data, location information of the corresponding defective sectors is just kept without any sector replacement. Therefore, this invention enables to reproduce audio/video data in real-time regardless of the presence of defective sectors and to avoid writing data to the defective sectors when new data is overwritten to the information recording medium.

Abstract: A decoding method for coded data representing original data. Corrupted data is detected and replaced with buffered data. The buffered data is stored in the buffer a time interval corresponding to an estimated periodicity or an integer multiple thereof before the corrupted data was received. The estimated periodicity is determined by estimating the periodicity of the original data represented by the corrupted data.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for concealing errors in digital data. An interpolator estimates a value of a sample of digital data from other samples of the digital data. The interpolator has an input for inputting the digital data and an output for outputting the estimated value of the sample of the digital data. A holding unit has an input for selectively receiving the sample of the digital data only when the sample is error free, and an output for outputting the error free sample. The input of the holding unit may be in parallel with the input of the interpolator. A selector selects between outputting the estimated value of the sample of the received digital data from an output of the interpolator and outputting the error free sample of the received digital data from an output of a holding unit based on at least one error indicator.

Abstract: A method and an arrangement for correcting data which are generated by two asynchronous sources, the data from one source, which are present with a first clock, being conducted via a register which is clocked with a second clock assigned to the other source, the output data of the register and output data that are delayed by at least one clock period of the second clock are compared with one another. In the event of deviations which are greater than a predetermined value, temporally adjacent data, as corrected data, replace the output data of the register.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed that provide for improved addressing of a register file in a computer system. The register file has one or more redundant words. A logical address in an instruction is mapped, during a predecode operation, to a physical address having a larger address space than the logical address. Addresses of nonfaulty words are mapped to the same word in the larger address space as the logical address. Logical addresses that point to faulty words are mapped to a redundant word that is in the larger address space but not in the address space of the logical address. Because all addresses presented to a register file decoder at access time point to nonfaulty words, no delay penalty associated with address compare during the access time is required.

Abstract: A method for use by a speech decoder in handling bad frames received over a communications channel a method in which the effects of bad frames are concealed by replacing the values of the spectral parameters of the bad frames (a bad frame being either a corrupted frame or a lost frame) with values based on an at least partly adaptive mean of recently received good frames, but in case of a corrupted frame (as opposed to a lost frame), using the bad frame itself if the bad frame meets a predetermined criterion. The aim of concealment is to find the most suitable parameters for the bad frame so that subjective quality of the synthesized speech is as high as possible.

Abstract: An approach to reduce the quality impact due to lost voiced frame data is presented. The decoder reconstructs the lost frame using the pitch track from a directly prior frame. When the decoder receives the next frame data, it makes a copy of the reconstructed frame data and continuously time warping it and the received frame data so that the peaks of their pitch cycles coincide. Subsequently, the decoder fades out the time-warped reconstructed frame data while fading in the time-warped received frame data. Meanwhile, the endpoint of the received frame data remains fixed to preclude discontinuity with the subsequent frame.

Abstract: Disclosed is a voice code conversation apparatus to which voice code obtained by a first voice encoding method is input for converting this voice code to voice code of a second voice encoding method. The apparatus includes a code separating unit for separating, from the voice code based upon the first voice encoding method, codes of a plurality of components necessary to reconstruct a voice signal, code converters for dequantizing the codes of each of the components and then quantizing the dequantized values by the second voice encoding method to thereby generate codes, and a code multiplexer for multiplexing the codes output from respective ones of the code converters and transmitting voice code based upon the second voice encoding method.

Abstract: A communication system includes a destination that receives voice samples and a voice parameter generated by a source. The destination uses the voice samples and voice parameter to reconstruct voice information in response to a packet loss. The destination may reconstruct voice information from multiple sources.

Abstract: The preferred embodiments described herein provide a memory device and method for storing and reading a file system structure in a write-once memory array. In one preferred embodiment, a plurality of bits representing a file system structure is inverted and stored in a write-once memory array. When the inverted plurality of bits is read from the memory array, the bits are inverted to provide the file system structure bits in their original, non-inverted configuration. With this preferred embodiment, a file system structure can be updated to reflect data stored in the memory array after the file system structure was written. Other preferred embodiments are provided, and each of the preferred embodiments described herein can be used alone or in combination with one another.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an internet telephone and a method for recovering voice data lost in the internet telephone. Whether there is any voice data lost in a voice data packet received via the internet network and the position information for a lost portion of the voice data is obtained. A voice data normally received previously to the lost portion is filled in the lost portion of the voice data. In making a telephone call using the internet, the speech quality is improved by correcting the lost voice signal.

Abstract: Both link-level and path-level performance monitoring is obtained in any point of a multi-link network where transmitting points in the network are adapted to transmit codes only from a subset of the codes that receiving points in the network are adapted to receive, with one of the codes that transmitting points are adapted to transmit being chosen to represent an error-reporting code, and substituting, at monitoring points, any received code that is not one of the codes in the subset with the error-reporting code. By measuring the number of received codes that are in error, a link-level error measure is obtained, and by measuring the number of error-reporting codes, a path-level measure is obtained.

Abstract: A stored data modifier modifies data starting at any arbitrary address on a storage medium that should output a data word with a multi-byte width. A masked ROM outputs a 2N-byte data word starting at an address specified as a multiple of 2N by an address signal. A correspondence detector determines whether or not correspondence is found between a correction address and one of a number 2N of addresses starting at, or preceding, the address specified by the address signal. If the correspondence detector has found the correspondence, a stored data selecting section selectively outputs, on a byte-by-byte basis, either the output of the masked ROM or correction data in accordance with the address signal and the correction address.

Abstract: A backup method for the basic input/output system (BIOS) of computer interfaces is disclosed. When the BIOS of an interface is broken, the backup BIOS stored in the computer can be transferred to the interface for maintaining normal operations.

Abstract: A method and system for interleaving blocks of data. The method includes partitioning an input bitstream into multiple bitstreams, interleaving the multiple bitstreams into a single bitstream, partitioning the single bitstream into multiple different bitstreams, and shuffling the bits of the different bitstreams. Exemplary applications include the IEEE 802.11a standard interleaver stage.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for creating/writing defect management information of an information recording medium and an apparatus and optical disc based on the method. In the present invention, it depends on the type of data to be reproduced whether or not defective sectors which are detected during reproduction operation are replaced with non-defective sectors. If read-out errors are detected in reproducing non-audio/video data, linear replacement algorithm is applied to the corresponding defective sectors. On the other hand, in case of audio/video data, location information of the corresponding defective sectors is just kept without any sector replacement. Therefore, this invention enables to reproduce audio/video data in real-time regardless of the presence of defective sectors and to avoid writing data to the defective sectors when new data is overwritten to the information recording medium.

Abstract: The error concealment method improves the signal quality in transmission systems. The method is used for processing speech signals which have been encoded to speech parameters before transmission via a transmission channel. It allows detection at the receiving end of corrupted signal parameters due to adverse channel conditions. The method comprises estimations of the signal quality and a statistic study of the evolution of the signal parameters so as to derive an indication that the parameter is probably corrupted. A first signal quality estimation is performed. It may be e.g. an estimation of the error probability within the most important bits of the frame. A second signal quality estimation is performed. It may be e.g. an estimation of the error probability within all bits of the frame. Depending on the results of the estimations, the statistic study is performed in order to detect which signal parameters are probably corrupted.

Abstract: The invention proposes to improve the performance of the conventional methods of correcting channel transmission errors without increasing the redundance of encoding the channel. It is particularly advantageous for the systems which may be subjected to very poor transmission conditions such as radio interference or any other noise phenomenon in the channel. The invention provides the addition of a specific correction device after decoding the channel for detecting and correcting the residual channel errors exceeding the correction capacity of the channel decoder. It also proposes that the signal supplied by the decoder is a speech signal constituted by a limited number of determined speech elements. The invention provides permanent vocal recognition of the received signal with the aid of a dictionary of speech elements for detecting the transmission errors and for correcting them by replacing the erroneous part in the received signal by a synthesized part on the basis of the speech dictionary.

Abstract: An apparatus (18) and method (100) provide RLP data checking. The apparatus (10) includes a frame serialization stage (20) and a bad frame filter (22) that detects possible bad frames and reclassifies these bad frames as erasures. In this manner, bad frame data are not passed to the RLP layer (16), and unnecessary resetting and resynchronization steps are avoided.

Abstract: A method of correcting errors in a packet based communications system comprises generating m parity packets from each group of k consecutive data packets to form a code word of k data packets and m parity packets. Each parity packet is a combination of two or more data packets, and each data and parity packet includes a sequence number representative of a relative position of the packet in the code word. The method also includes examining, after transmission, the sequence number associated with each packet to determine if one or more packets from the code word is missing. If any packets are missing, the method includes identifying the one or more missing packets. The method further includes processing the data packets and the parity packets according to the combinations of data packets used to generate the parity packets, so as to recover one or more missing packets.

Abstract: A decoding processing portion 11 of a speech decoder 10 is provided with an emphasis processing portion 15 for performing an emphasis process on signals to be processed (excited signals) SPC generated from coded speech signals BS. A counter portion 17 counts the number of times code errors occurred in successive frames of the coded speech signal BS, and outputs the successive frame error number. When the successive frame error number outputted form the counter portion 17 is less than or equal to a preset reference successive frame error number, a first switch SW1 and second switch SW2 are set to an emphasis processing portion 15 side. Accordingly, the signals to be processed SPC generated from various parameters included in the coded speech signals are supplied through the switch SW1 to the emphasis processing portion 15 of the decoding processing portion 11 to perform an emphasis process.

Abstract: Indicia are provided to a client of Out-of-Frame errors and message bit parity errors that occur during the transmission of a message through a network, wherein the message includes the client data multiplexed with other data and formatted into a message that includes a plurality of transport overhead bytes. The transport overhead bytes of the multiplexed can include both defined bytes and undefined bytes. Predetermined bytes in the transport overhead may be used to store indicia of errors that are detected during the message transmission. These predetermined bytes are read by the client at the egress of the network. The transport overhead may contain both a section overhead portion and a line overhead portion and the predetermined bytes may be encoded in either a subset of the section or line overhead bytes. In addition, the indicia of errors may be encoded in an undefined portion of the section or line overhead.

Abstract: Disclosed are a document retrieval method and system for separately performing a process for correcting erroneously recognized characters existing in characteristic character strings within a seed document or the documents to be registered and a process for tolerating erroneously recognized characters existing in the documents targeted for retrieval. The process for correcting erroneously recognized characters existing in characteristic character strings extracts characteristic character strings from a read document, replaces the extracted characteristic character strings containing erroneously recognized characters with character strings appropriate for document retrieval, and selects characteristic character strings for use in actual document retrieval.

Abstract: A video camera having a control target which can be controlled by an external control apparatus via communication, and a control method of the video camera. In first memory of the video camera, predetermined standard control data for the control target is stored. When communication is established with an external control apparatus, control data from the external control apparatus is temporarily stored in second memory, and it is determined whether or not a communication error has occurred in the communication with the external control apparatus. If no error is detected in the determination, the control data stored in the second memory is stored in the third memory, but if an error is detected, the control data stored in the second memory is deleted, and the control target is controlled based on the control data stored in the third memory or predetermined standard data stored in the first memory.

Abstract: A semiconductor test system is disclosed which accepts pincards from multiple vendors, each pincard including a local non-volatile memory in which specific calibration data can be stored. Each pincard in the test system may be capable of performing different types of tests on the DUT. Non-volatile memory on the pincard is used to store pincard calibration data, and loadboard and socket related calibration data may also be stored locally in the non-volatile memory of each pincard for use in compensating for signal degradation. Calibration data related to pincard slots (i.e. slot-to-slot skew) may be stored in nonvolatile memory on a test system backplane and used to calibrate slot-to-slot skew of the pincard. Local non-volatile memory may also be used to store commands, data, and error information being generated in or transferred between modules, site controllers and the system controller, so that this information does not need to be regenerated if a system error should occur.

Abstract: A memory control system for a network that broadcasts to multiple terminals content data including music, video and the like, and also including commercial advertisements. A memory in the terminal unit stores content data that is played upon a loss of signal from the broadcast network. The memory also stores commercial advertisements for playback from the terminal memory according to schedule control instructions, which are also stored in a memory at the terminal unit. Writing of content to a memory and reading content from the memory may be executed concurrently by interleaving. A microprocessor arbitrates use of input, output and memory buffers such that reading content from memory provides content output maintaining uninterrupted real time play even when new content data is being stored concurrently. Content data memory addresses are stored in sector tables that are further arranged in File Allocation Tables in a second memory.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for creating/writing defect management information of an information recording medium and an apparatus and optical disc based on the method. In the present invention, it depends on the type of data to be reproduced whether or not defective sectors which are detected during reproduction operation are replaced with non-defective sectors. If read-out errors are detected in reproducing non-audio/video data, linear replacement algorithm is applied to the corresponding defective sectors. On the other hand, in case of audio/video data, location information of the corresponding defective sectors is just kept without any sector replacement. Therefore, this invention enables to reproduce audio/video data in real-time regardless of the presence of defective sectors and to avoid writing data to the defective sectors when new data is overwritten to the information recording medium.

Abstract: Disclosed is a peripheral device for reliably detecting synchronization patterns in CD-ROM media. The peripheral device has an internal circuitry for controlling and processing data that is read from a medium of the peripheral device is disclosed. The peripheral device comprises a digital signal processor, a decoder circuit, and a state machine. The digital signal processor is configured to receive the data that is being read from the medium of the peripheral device. The decoder circuit is coupled to the digital signal processor and forms a part of the internal circuitry. Further, the decoder circuit includes an internal RAM that is configured to store a sector of the data including a current sync pattern and a next sync pattern. The state machine resides in the decoder for analyzing the current sync pattern and the next sync pattern of the sector of the data. In the analysis mode, the state code is configured to determine whether a fatal error is present in the data.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for creating/writing defect management information of an information recording medium and an apparatus and optical disc based on the method. In the present invention, it depends on the type of data to be reproduced whether or not defective sectors which are detected during reproduction operation are replaced with non-defective sectors. If read-out errors are detected in reproducing non-audio/video data, linear replacement algorithm is applied to the corresponding defective sectors. On the other hand, in case of audio/video data, location information of the corresponding defective sectors is just kept without any sector replacement. Therefore, this invention enables to reproduce audio/video data in real-time regardless of the presence of defective sectors and to avoid writing data to the defective sectors when new data is overwritten to the information recording medium.

Abstract: A method of maintaining informational integrity of a business to business (B2B) message in a distributed e-business environment is described. A sent message is stored a selected portion of which is flagged. A corresponding response message is then compared to the stored sent message. Based upon the comparing, when the response message matches the stored sent message, if a portion of the response message corresponding to the flagged portion is determined to be substantially missing, then the missing portion of the response message is replaced.

Abstract: Data corrupted or lost in transmission over a lossy digital transmission link is replaced and/or omitted from data presented in connection with storage to and read out from a mass storage device. Different procedures are used to conceal artifacts corresponding to errored data based upon valid data preceding and following the error in a data stream and a size of the error.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and article of manufacture used to encode/decode a low activity communication signal—such as a Baudot tone—for transmission over a telecommunications system. The telecommunications system may include any number of wireless links. Once the system is noticed that a low activity signal needs to be transmitted, each vocoder used in the system to encode/decode the signal performs a unique encoding/decoding process. In one embodiment, frames containing errors adversely affecting a signal are delivered to the vocoder and the “soft bits” contained therein are used to determine the original signal transmitted. In another embodiment, encoding of the signal may include encoding the signal using redundancy with the encoded signal being spread across multiple vocoder frames.

Abstract: Error correction coding across multiple channels is provided in multi-channel transmission systems. Specifically, redundancy is provided by selecting a portion of original data from each of a plurality of original channels, performing at least one encoding operation using the portions of original data to produce at least one portion of redundancy data, including the portion of redundancy data in at least one redundancy channel, and transmitting the redundancy channel along with the original channels. Error correction is achieved by receiving at least one redundancy channel and a plurality of original channels, selecting a portion of redundancy data from the redundancy channel, selecting a portion of original data from each of the original channels, and performing at least one decoding operation using the portion of redundancy data and the portions of original data to correct at least one error in the portions of original data.

Abstract: First and second instances of a message are received over a wireless connection. It is determined whether the first and second instances of the message contain an error. If both instances contain an error, an error free instance of the message is reconstructed from the two erroneous instances by merging portions of the first and second instances.

Abstract: In a system that divides data frames into blocks and codes at least some of the blocks by intra-frame coding, errors in decoding these blocks are concealed by two methods: replacement of the erroneous block by its DC component, and replacement of the erroneous block with data from the preceding frame. The selection between these two methods is made according to one or more of the following criteria: reliability of the DC value; motion-vector size; motion-vector change from the preceding frame; and whether intra-frame coding was selected or forced. These selection criteria improve the probability of successful error concealment.