Abstract: An outer finned tube includes a tube body, an outer wall of the tube body is provided with outer fins spirally arranged in an extension direction of the tube body; grid fins are arranged between two adjacent spiral parts of the outer fins correspondingly; two ends of each grid fin are connected to the two adjacent spiral parts of the corresponding outer fin respectively; a gap is kept between each grid fin and the outer wall of the tube body; and the plurality of grid fins are spaced in the extension direction of the tube body. An enhancing cavity is formed in an area defined by the outer wall of the tube body, inner walls of the grid fins and the outer fins in an encircling way, which can form a larger degree of superheat, provides a nucleation point for a boiling/condensation process and improves a heat exchange performance.

Abstract: A shaping tool as depicted in exemplary FIG. 3 comprising a rotatable base member having at least one profiled bending roller (13) which is mounted on a circular track and is rotatable about a rotation axis. The bending roller (13) arranged on a radially movable slide (11) is movable from a position defining a maximum working aperture for the tool, by means of a spring-loaded lever (9) which has an axial configuration, into a position defining a minimum working aperture for the tool.

Abstract: A plate workpiece processing tool includes a first tool portion and a second tool portion. The first and second tool portions are arranged along an application axis in spaced relation to each other such that a plate workpiece can be disposed therebetween. The tool also includes two or more processing devices that are carried by the first tool portion, and one or more counter-devices that are carried by the second tool portion. The processing devices are rotatable, relative to the first tool portion, about a first rotational axis that extends perpendicular to the application axis and are arranged to follow each other along an axis extending perpendicularly to the application axis. The processing devices and the one or more counter-devices are selectively alignable to form a plurality of alternative device pairings for processing plate workpieces therebetween.

Abstract: An apparatus for roller swaging may include a support arm, a spherical roller rotatably supported in the support arm, a mount for slidably supporting the support arm, a first actuator for displacing the support arm relative to the mount, a second actuator for supporting the arm and imparting rotational movement of the mount about an axis in which the spherical roller describes a circular path, a base for supporting the second actuator for reciprocal movement parallel to the axis, and a third actuator connected to the second actuator for displacing the second actuator relative to the base. A method for roller swaging may include inserting a tube end into a ferrule, and urging a spherical roller against an inner wall of the tube with a force sufficient to swage the inner wall against the ferrule, thereby mechanically securing the ferrule to the end of the tube.

Abstract: A shaping tool as depicted in exemplary FIG. 3 comprising a rotatable base member having at least one profiled bending roller (13) which is mounted on a circular track and is rotatable about a rotation axis. The bending roller (13) arranged on a radially movable slide (11) is movable from a position defining a maximum working aperture for the tool, by means of a spring-loaded lever (9) which has an axial configuration, into a position defining a minimum working aperture for the tool.

Abstract: A method of incrementally forming a workpiece. The method includes determining a desired workpiece geometry, generating a tool path in which a feature is formed outwardly from a point that is disposed a maximum distance from a reference position, and incrementally forming the workpiece.

Abstract: A device and method for roller swaging a tube and a fitting using a tapered mandrel acting on forming rollers and having a rack body that supports lead screws that are rotated by a rack motor where the lead screws are used to move the rack drive head and the axial position of the mandrel. The mandrel is supported by a roller bearing having roller elements that are parallel to the rotational axis of the mandrel. A position sensor is attached between the rack body and the rack drive head to indirectly measure the position of the mandrel and/or a position sensor can be used to directly measure the position of the mandrel. The drive motor drives a primary drive shaft through a torque sensor to a secondary drive shaft to a roller swaging assembly and to the mandrel. The swage rollers in the roller swaging assembly are forced outward by the tapered mandrel to swage the tube and fitting.

Abstract: In addition to the pressure for swaging applied when swaging is performed, a pressure in the direction the same as the direction of the holding force exerted by a swaged portion is applied to a pressure receiving edge portion of a bearing holder by the pressure applied by a swaging roller. As a result, the elastic deformation in a circumferential wall portion that is not bent is advanced and the amount of elastic deformation of the bearing holder in the axial direction is reduced, so that it is possible to increase the difference in the amount of elastic deformation between the bearing holder and an outer race. Thus, the axial residual stress in the bearing holder is increased after the swaging is completed, as compared to the case of the ordinary swaging. Accordingly, it is possible to increase the holding force for holding the outer race.

Abstract: Apparatus for reducing the diameter, rounding or straightening of pipe or tubing by rolling comprising a plurality of cylindrical rollers arranged in a parallel-cylindrical array through which the pipe or tubing is passed, the rollers being skewed to displace their central contact zones radially inwards bringing them into forceful contact with the external surface of the pipe or tubing, and being rotated to cause the central contact zones to describe helical paths along the external surface of the pipe or tubing. Thereby to progressively apply locally to the whole of the external surface of the pipe or tubing a compressive force in excess of the yield strength of its material, causing the pipe or tubing to adopt a set at a smaller diameter.

Abstract: A tube expanding device includes: a plurality of rollers each having a tapered portion whose diameter increases toward its front side; a cylindrical expander frame for freely rotatably holding the plurality of rollers on a concentric circle; a mandrel inserted in the expander frame so as to be freely slidable and rotatable relative to the expander frame, and having a tapered portion whose diameter decreases toward its front side, the tapered portion of the mandrel matching the tapered portion of each roller; a drive device coupled to the expander frame and rotating the expander frame; and a moving device for moving the mandrel forward and backward relative to the expander frame. By moving the mandrel forward relative to the expander frame, the tapered portion of the mandrel abuts on the tapered portions of the plurality of rollers and thereby expands a diameter of a circumscribed circle formed by the plurality of rollers.

Abstract: A tube expanding device includes: a plurality of rollers each having a tapered portion whose diameter increases toward its front side; a cylindrical expander frame for freely rotatably holding the plurality of rollers on a concentric circle; a mandrel inserted in the expander frame so as to be freely slidable and rotatable relative to the expander frame, and having a tapered portion whose diameter decreases toward its front side, the tapered portion of the mandrel matching the tapered portion of each roller; a drive device coupled to the expander frame and rotating the expander frame; and a moving device for moving the mandrel forward and backward relative to the expander frame. By moving the mandrel forward relative to the expander frame, the tapered portion of the mandrel abuts on the tapered portions of the plurality of rollers and thereby expands a diameter of a circumscribed circle formed by the plurality of rollers.

Abstract: A method of isolating a section of downhole tubing comprises: running a length of expandable tubing (20) into a tubing-lined borehole (12, 14) and positioning the expandable tubing (20) across a section of tubing to be isolated; deforming at least portions of the expandable tubing (36, 40) to increase the diameter of the portions to sealingly engage the tubing (14) and to isolate the tubing section.

Abstract: A process for placing a roller burnished finish on the central portion of an unfinished lathe-turned heater tube includes controlling the rotational speed of the burnishing rollers and the pressure of the burnishing rollers against the central portion of the heater tube so that tooling marks are no longer apparent under substantially 10× magnification and the length of the central portion of the heater tube increases by no more than 0.002 inches per inch of length of the central portion of the heater tube.

Abstract: A method of isolating a section of downhole tubing comprises: running a length of expandable tubing (20) into a tubing-lined borehole (12, 14) and positioning the expandable tubing (20) across a section of tubing to be isolated; deforming at least portions of the expandable tubing (36, 40) to increase the diameter of the portions to sealingly engage the tubing (14) and to isolate the tubing section.

Abstract: A method of reducing slot width in slotted tubular liners. A slotted tubular liner (1) is provided having an interior surface (3), an exterior surface (2) and a plurality of slots (4) extending between the interior surface and the exterior surface. One or more contoured rigid forming tools (7) are provided. Pressure is applied to either the interior surface (3) or the exterior surface (2) of the slotted tubular liner (1) with the contoured rigid forming tools (7). The contoured rigid forming tools are then moved in a sweep pattern traversing either the interior surface or the exterior surface of the slotted tubular liner, until plastic deformation narrows the width of the plurality of slots (4) to within desired tolerances. The method does not require the same precise positioning of previously known methods and, as such, provides a combination of increased output and lower cost.

Abstract: In order to achieve the lightweight, low-cost and high-efficiency design of a spindle apparatus, speed-change device 50 is provided such that slots 31 are formed in one of a spindle 10 and a cam shaft 12 while spiral torque cam grooves are formed in another, and extend around the axis thereof. A torque cam pin 34 is engaged in each slot and its associated torque cam groove, and the position of the spindle 10 relative to the cam shaft 12 in a circumferential direction can be changed by moving the torque cam pins 34 in the axial direction by drive device 43. Drawing tools 8 are moved in opening and closing directions by changing the position of the spindle 10 relative to the cam shaft 12 in the circumferential direction.

Abstract: Apparatus is disclosed for finishing the inside of hollow work-pieces such as long hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders. A rotatable skiving and roller burnishing tool is advanced into one end of the work-piece and advanced through the cylindrical interior of the work-piece. The skiving section is located at the front of the skiving and roller burnishing tool, and the roller burnishing section comprises the rearward section of the tool. The skiving section of the tool has a knife holding portion which holds a skiving knife to skive the interior from a start diameter to a larger, finish diameter. The skiving section also has a plurality of cavities, forward of the knife holding section, which are disposed circumferentially around the skiving section of the tool. A plurality of probe centering location finders are located in the respective cavities.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for forming sheet material into contoured parts. The invention method includes these steps: A die is fashioned having an outside surface corresponding to the inside surface of the desired part. A plastically deformable sheet of material is clamped to the die so that the material is tangent to the die at a tangent area. A forming path is defined that follows the part's outside surface definition beginning at a point adjacent to the tangent area and tracing around the tangent area in circuits that incrementally offset away from the tangent area until all of the outside surface of the part is traced. A forming tool is then moved along the forming path as the die and the sheet of material remain stationary so that the end of the forming tool presses the sheet material against the die thereby gradually forming the sheet material against the die to produce a finished formed part.

Abstract: Apparatus is disclosed for finishing the inside of hollow work-pieces such as long hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders. A rotatable skiving and roller burnishing tool is advanced into one end of the work-piece and advanced through the cylindrical interior of the workpiece. The skiving section is located at the front of the skiving and roller burnishing tool, and the roller burnishing section comprises the rearward section of the tool. The skiving section of the tool has a knife holding portion which holds a skiving knife to skive the interior from a start diameter to a larger, finish diameter. The skiving section also has a plurality of cavities, forward of the knife holding section, which are disposed circumferentially around the skiving section of the tool. A plurality of probe centering location finders are located in the respective cavities.

Abstract: The invention provides an apparatus and method for automated manufacture of connective fittings on a duct member, and particularly a tapered adjustable take off. The connective fitting is generally placed near the inlet of the duct member and comprises a seating bead. The connective fitting can also comprise a seating ring groove for use in conjunction with a seating ring for applications involving connection of the duct member through a duct board. The apparatus for forming a connective fitting on the duct member may include a housing including a work station formed therein. A die associated with the work station is selectively positioned at a predetermined location relative to a work piece positioned in association with the work station. A forming assembly associated with the work station cooperates with the die to selectively form a connective fitting in the work piece at a predetermined angle.

Abstract: Making method of hot-rolled steel sheet comprises rough rolling a slab into a rough bar, heating the rough bar, guiding the rough bar with side guides and finish rolling the rough bar. The apparatus comprises a rough rolling mill, a heating device for heating the rough bar, side guides for guiding the rough bar and a finish rolling mill.

Abstract: In a device for shaping glass tubes (32), the shaping tools (3, 4), which are designed as shaping rollers, are mounted on a rotary table (2) that encloses the glass tube (32) and that rotates at a speed that is several times higher than the speed of rotation of the glass tube (32). The shaping tools (3,4) are moved in a perpendicular direction to the longitudinal axis (40) of the glass tube (32) in order to shape it. The relatively high speed of rotation of the rotary table (2) allows the advance of the shaping tools per rotation of the rotary table (2) and at the same time the forces that act on the softened part of the glass tube (32) to be kept small.

Abstract: A multivariable controller for a hot rolling mill which uses rolling stand speeds to control exit strip temperature and interstand tension, wherein the controller considers the inherent multivariable nature of the tension and temperature processes relative to individual rolling stand speeds by employing a cross-correlation transfer function matrix which is decoupled by modern control methods to yield more robust, stabler and faster control loops, thereby reducing disturbances and improving product quality.

Abstract: The present invention provides a hot reversing rolling mill for isothermally reducing a metal strip product. The mill includes a hot reversing mill stand with a pair of coilers positioned on opposite sides of the mill stand. At least one heater is positioned between one of the coilers and the mill stand with at least one strip cooling unit positioned between one of the coilers and the mill stand. A sensor is provided for sensing a strip parameter indicative of strip temperature as well as a controller for controlling each of the heating and cooling units in response to the sensed parameter. The rolling mill of the present invention can be utilized for isothermally rolling multiple passes of a metal strip product on the hot reversing mill.

Abstract: In rolling a metal strip in a roughing line and a finishing line, the rolling process in the roughing line is adjusted as a function of a predicted value for the change in width of the metal strip in the finishing line such that the metal strip has a given specified finished strip width on leaving the finishing line. In order to permit a reliable prediction of the change in width despite the lack of accurate information regarding the dependence of the change in width on influencing parameters that affect the process, this dependence is simulated in a neural network whose network parameters are adapted after each passage of a metal strip through the finishing line as a function of the influencing parameters measured or calculated during the passage and the measured actual change in width.

Abstract: A rolling mill (1) for rolling metal strip has provision for applying discrete levels of liquid coolant to the strip and the temperature (te) of the strip leaving the mill is compared with a target temperature (ts) and the temperature (Te) the incoming workpiece is compared with a target temperature (Ts). The difference signals are employed to control the levels of liquid coolant and the rolling speed so that the exit temperature remains substantially equal to the target exit temperature.

Abstract: A roller table provides a hot material path and heat insulating panels are disposed below that path, between successive rollers of the table. The panels are displaceable between a raised, operative position close to the hot material path and a lower, inoperative position in which the panel upper faces are turned away from said path. The panels remain within the width of the roller table when they are so retracted. Further heat insulating panels are displacably mounted on a frame above the path. Temperature sensing means with the top panels actuate the displacement of both the upper and lower panels.

Abstract: A method for controlling the stretching of rolling stock, particularly of pipes, by way of a pilot control system for the rolling stock taking into consideration measured physical values of the rolling stock. In order to be able to adjust the pilot control system as accurately as possible, in addition to or instead of an optical temperature measurement, the temperature in the interior of the rolling stock is determined by an integral measurement of a physical quantity proportional to this temperature and is superimposed as a signal on the pilot control system.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is shown for reforming the bottom of a container. A number of tooling rams each have a reforming roller supported by a roller mounting block that allows the reforming roller to travel along a circular orbital path of varying diameter in a plane perpendicular to the roller mounting block axis and having a center of curvature position coextensive with the container axis. Guide cams that slide along cam surfaces formed in slots in the roller mounting block are supported on a cam mounting block. The cam mounting block is supported on a tooling drive shaft that rotates the cam mounting block about its axis coextensive with the container axis while the tooling drive shaft is supported rotatably in and moved axially with a tooling ram that moves axially toward or away from the container. Axial and rotational movement of the cam mounting block is converted to radial and rotational movement of the reforming roller through the interaction of the guide cams with the roller mounting block.

Abstract: A hand operated tool used to remove the burr from the inside end of a cut metal pipe comprising two rollers adapted to be placed inside the end of a pipe, means to expand the rollers with a hand squeezing motion on the handles of the tool and rotating the pipe or tool until the burr is rolled outward making the inside of the pipe free of any obstructions.

Abstract: A bore processing device for processing an inner surface of a bore of an object to be processed, includes: a taper member having a taper section; a roller arranged to contact and rotate around an outer surface of the taper member; a roller guide member having a guide groove for accommodating the roller and arranged to rotate around the outer surface of the taper member; a first motor for moving the roller guide member to insert the roller into the bore of the object; a second motor for rotating one of the object and the roller guide member; and a third motor for axially moving one of the roller guide member and the taper member so that one of the roller guide member and the taper member relatively moves to the other thereof. The device further includes a detecting device for detecting an axial load applied to the object by the roller when the roller is inserted into the bore of the object.

Abstract: A roller burnishing tool is disclosed having inner and outer pluralities of concentrically disposed, precision tapered rolls. A precision tapered annular mandrel is disposed within the inner plurality of rolls and operates to controllably urge the inner plurality of rolls outwardly against a lip of a workpiece inserted between the inner and outer pluralities of rolls. The inner plurality of rolls forces the lip outwardly into contact with the outer rolls, and the pressurized contact of the rolls effects a burnishing action on the surfaces of the lip of the workpiece. In a preferred embodiment, the burnishing tool also includes a pilot stop for receiving an alignment post used to align the workpiece with the burnishing tool.

Abstract: A machine, which is portable, and method for roller swaging hydraulic fitting sleeves onto metallic tubing comprises a tapered roller mandrel expander under either or both torque control of swaging or diameter control of swaging. The machine provides an automatic swaging cycle with an optimum overall time cycle for swaging performance. A motor drive is movably mounted relative to the mandrel expander assembly. The motor drive is manually moved longitudinally to activate the mandrel. Portability and hand held use can be effected by removing the power unit from the frame.

Abstract: A flexible hardrolling mandrel for expanding a sleeve within a tube of a nuclear steam generator is disclosed herein. The flexibility of the tool facilitates the insertion of the tool into tubes of the nuclear steam generator that have only a limited accessibility, and the tool is designed to transfer sufficient torque as required for hardrolling by way of the flexible design. Generally, the hardroll mandrel assembly includes an elongate housing with flex joints along its length, a roller cage rotatably mounted to the housing supporting at least one roller, a tapered actuator shaft slidable within the roller cage to extend the roller, a flexible inner shaft connected to the actuator shaft and drivingly connected to the housing near the roller cage, and an end effector and drive device for imparting torque to the housing.

Abstract: A machine and method for roller swaging hydraulic fitting sleeves onto metallic tubing comprises a tapered roller mandrel expander driven at a first high speed for rapidly expanding the tubing and at a second low speed until the drive torque reaches a final preselected value for preventing springback of the tubing and accurately controlling the amount of swaging. Both torque control of swaging and diameter control of swaging can be effected. A torque transducer monitors mandrel loading for automatic control of machine operations. A mechanical stop for interaction with the mandrel support regulates advance of the mandrel and thereby relates to diameter control. The diameter control is effected by torque measurements which are responsive to diameter positions. Low speed burnishing can be effected during diameter control at the end of the cycle. The machine provides an automatic swaging cycle with an optimum overall time cycle for swaging performance.

Abstract: A flexible extension assembly for use with a tube expander of the type having an expanding head which has internal apparatus driven for tube expansion by a drive device connected coaxially thereto with a spacer for locating the expanding head at a predetermined distance from the end of the tube to be expanded. The flexible extension assembly comprises a rigid hollow extension segment pivotably connected at one end to the expanding head and pivotably connected at the other end to the spacer so that the extension segment is pivotable into and out of coaxial alignment with the tube to be expanded, and an extension link slidably carried in the hollow rigid extension segment and pivotably connected at one end to the internal apparatus and pivotably connected at its other end to the drive shaft so that the extension link is pivotable with the extension segment into and out of coaxial alignment with the tube to be expanded.

Abstract: The invention provides a tube cutter of the type which forces a tool bit against an interior tube wall as the bit is rotated to sever the tube from the inside.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for swaging pipe, straightening hooked end pipe, and expanding undersized pipe for threading is disclosed in which the pipe is gripped adjacent the end to be swaged by a chuck that also rotates the pipe and a swaging tool engages the end of the pipe and forces the pipe to rotate around the common axis of the chuck and the swaging tool. The distance between the chuck and the swaging tool is such that the bending stress produced in the pipe exceeds the yield point of the pipe to thereby straighten the pipe sufficiently for threads to be cut on the pipe.

Abstract: A machine and method for roller swaging hydraulic fitting sleeves onto metallic tubing comprises a tapered roller mandrel expander driven at a first high speed for rapidly expanding the tubing and at a second low speed until the drive torque reaches a final preselected value for preventing springback of the tubing and accurately controlling the amount of swaging. A torque transducer monitors mandrel loading for automatic control of machine operations. The machine provides an automatic swaging cycle inserting the expander, engaging the tapered mandrel, rotating the mandrel at the high and low speeds, reversing rotation of the mandrel for disengagement of the expander, and withdrawing the mandrel and the expander. Tare torque is measured in each swaging cycle, compensating for changing mandrel bearing drag, etc.

Abstract: A rolling tool for both expanding and reforming the dented end of a tube within the tubesheet of a nuclear steam generator is disclosed herein. Generally, the tool comprises a rotatable roller cage having a diameter which is approximately the same as the minimum diameter across the dented tube end, a plurality of rollers rotatably mounted within pitched slots in the roller cage, a tapered mandrel slidably movable within an opening in the cage for rotating, orbiting and radially extending the rollers, and a ring which circumscribes at least a substantial portion of the cage for providing a surface around and against which the rollers may rotate when the roller-driving mandrel is rotated. In the preferred embodiment, the cage is rotatably mounted within a collar and the ring is detachably mountable around the proximal end of the roller cage.

Abstract: Apparatus for assembling tubular heat exchangers and particularly for expanding tubes in the tube sheets of various heat exchangers and steam generators in the petrochemical, gas-processing, chemical, power, metallurgical and shipbuilding industries including the manufacture of nuclear power plants for ships, of nuclear power stations and related products. A rolling tool acts to expand the tubes and measurement of a force parameter or variable is effected simultaneously with the measuring of a linear parameter or variable of the expanding successively at three areas, viz. the area of elastic deformation of the tube, the area of plastic deformation of the tube up to the engagement of the tube with the surface of the opening in the tube sheet, and the area of elastic deformation of the tube wall.

Abstract: A boring, skiving, and roller burnishing tool includes means for boring, skiving, and burnishing a cylindrical hole in a workpiece. The boring means comprises a plurality of cutting blades oriented at a particular angle to remove a relatively large amount of material from the hole. The roller burnishing means includes a roller race having a central axis and a frustoconical outer surface tapering radially outward and axially forward. Rollers are arranged about the outer surface of the race for rolling engagement with the internal surface of the hole. The smaller ends of the rollers face forward, and the taper of the rollers is such that the outermost surface portion of each roller is parallel to the central axis of the race. The rollers are biased in the forward direction using a roller pusher with a chosen force so that the force exerted on the internal surface of the hole remains constant over a range of sizes of the hole.

Abstract: A skiving and roller burnishing tool for finishing the internal surface of a cylindrical bore includes a cutting assembly and a pair of roller burnishing assemblies. Each roller assembly includes a plurality of frustoconical rollers mounted on a frustoconical bearing surface. By translating the individual rollers axially, the effective diameter of the outer surfaces of the roller can be changed. By applying a constant force on the rollers, the two roller assemblies hold the tool firmly in place inside the work piece, preventing accidental misalignment of the cutting tool. It has been found that this workpiece is particularly well suited for finishing relatively long bores.

Abstract: An improved drive chain for a machine tool such as honing device comprising a machine tool with at least one radially movable work engaging assembly thereon, a power train operatively connected to the honing device to rotate same, and a feed motor positioned in the power chain and rotatable therewith, the feed motor being operatively connected to a power source and to the machine tool whereby energization of the feed motor changes the radial positions of the work engaging assemblies on the honing device. The invention also resides in the rotatable power chain with a motor mounted therein, novel electric contacts for introducing energy to the rotating motor and a novel control circuit for supplying power from the power source to the feed motor.

Abstract: A skiving and roller burnishing tool for cutting and burnishing the interior of a cylinder or other workpiece is disclosed. The cutter assembly is mounted on a drive shaft which drives the cutter assembly through the interior of the cylinder to cut the interior of the cylinder to its approximate final diameter. A roller race is located aft of the cutter assembly, and has a frustoconical configuration in section which tapers outwardly in a forward direction. A plurality of rollers are distributed circumferentially about and bear on the roller race. The rollers are also frustoconical in section so that the outermost surface of each roller is parallel to the axis of the drive shaft. A roller cage engages the rollers and restricts movement of the rollers while allowing them to rotate about their axes and translate radially to a limited degree. The roller cage is movable in an axial direction relative to the drive shaft.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing metal casings, particularly gate valve casings, comprises, forming two casing shell half portions from a plate by holding the plate and forming a valve port in at least one of the plates with a forming tool, forming wall portions of the plate bounding the port into axially inwardly and axially outwardly extending collars bounding the opening and joining the two casing shell half portions together by a longitudinal weld which is accessible to ultrasonic and radiographic inspection to form a fluid- and pressure-tight casing. A device for carrying out the method comprises forming tools for imparting a shell, shaped to the plates and upper and lower dies which are provided with recesses for holding fast and forming or overforming flange-like collars.

Abstract: A tube end expander and a method of operating the same. The tube end expander comprises a rotatable, tubular cage defining a plurality of generally axially extending slots, and a plurality of rollers located within the cage and extending through the slots. The expander further comprises a rotatable, tapered mandrel axially extending into the cage in frictional, driving contact with inner surfaces of the rollers, and an auxiliary roller drive for transmitting rotary motion from the mandrel to the cage and rollers.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with a heat transfer tube for use in boiling type heat exchangers, having an excellent heat transfer performance. More specifically, the invention relates to a surface condition of the heat transfer tube for improving the heat transfer performance and a method of producing the tube easily, especially a method for processing the surface condition efficiently and advantageously from an industrial point of view. The essential feature of the invention resides in a provision of a surface condition for promoting the boiling which consists of annular or spiral cavities extending along the tube surface in the circumferential direction of the latter, as well as narrow gaps extending along the cavities so as to allow the cavities to communicate the outside space. If necessary, spiral or annular fins may be provided on the tube surface, so as to improve the boiling performance at the outside of the tube.

Abstract: Apparatus for forming a stator for a dynamoelectric machine by inserting prewound coils into a slotted stator core includes enlarging the slot openings or gap between certain adjacent pairs of stator teeth, placing the prewound stator windings in selected stator core slots and thereafter reducing the slot opening or gap between those certain adjacent pairs of teeth. The disclosed apparatus includes a stator bore support and a series of punches to be placed in stator slots and collapsed radially inwardly to bend the stator teeth tips to conform to the bore support. An otherwise conventional coil inserting or injecting machine has unique blades, each of which has a pair of elongated depressions for accepting the respective formed stator teeth tips, and a pair of ribs outside the depression for spanning the corresponding tooth.

Abstract: A tube expander having a stop collar for limiting the axial movement of the tube end relative to the expander to prevent damage to the tube end. The stop collar is comprised of a hollow stop collar body having the end adjacent to the tube end slotted to slidingly receive a pair of stop members that can be moved relative to each other to vary the size of the aperture extending through the stop collar body. The stop collar members substantially encircle the cage and have surfaces thereon that engage the end of the tube.