Abstract: A universal roll stand includes two vertical housings each being composed of a single piece, upper and lower transverse girders arranged above and below the vertical housings and lateral support projections for receiving vertical rolls. Tie rods are guided by the vertical housings and the transverse girders. Crossheads are insertable into recesses of the lateral support projections. A rigid universal stand is formed by connecting and screwing together the two vertical housings through the crossheads and the upper and lower transverse girders with the tie rods.

Abstract: Method of producing metal sheets or strips by cold reduction rolling of a metal sheet or strip with at least one pair of work rolls, at least one of which being a textured work roll in order to transfer the surface pattern of the textured work roll to the surface of said sheet or strip, characterized in that said pattern of the textured work roll consists in a bidimensional deterministic pattern of spots wherein each spot has the form of a crater with a rim around it.

Abstract: A universal rolling mill stand includes a drive side roll mount, an operator's side roll mount extending parallel to the drive side roll mount and adapted to move away therefrom, and an alternate frame, in which horizontal and vertical rolls are mounted and which is movable together with the operator's side roll mount.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a universal rolling machine wherein a pair of left and right vertical rolls, which are positioned on axial centers that intersect axial centers of a pair of upper and lower horizontal rolls, are mounted coaxially within vertical roll chocks, and the vertical roll chocks are each arranged within a housing in a freely slidable manner along a direction of rolling of a material to be rolled. Assemblies each comprising a circular cylindrical nut and a screw are arranged on either side of the vertical roll chocks along the direction of rolling in spaces between the housing and the vertical roll chocks, as a movement mechanism for the vertical roll chocks. The provision of this configuration enables the use of conventional vertical roll chocks, ensures sufficient mechanical strength with respect to the reactive forces applied to the vertical rolls during the rolling, enables a reduction in costs, and also enables a significant shortening of the time required for replacing the rolls.

Abstract: A universal mill stand for continuously forming tubes, especially in tube welding units, into round or profiled tubes. The mill stand has a housing from which the complete universal assemblies can be removed and exchanged for producing round tubes or for producing profiled tubes.

Abstract: A method is presented for hot rolling a Z-section sheet pile from a semi-finished H-beam. The semi-finished H-beam is oriented in such a way that its web is substantially parallel to a rolling plane. A preform of the sheet pile is first rolled in a first plurality of rolling passes to form a preform having two flange/web transition sections substantially parallel to the rolling plane. These two flange/web transition sections connect rough-rolled portions for the sheet pile flanges to a middle section which is oblique to the rolling plane. A final Z-section sheet pile is formed from the preform in a second plurality of rolling passes.

Abstract: A method and a rolling stand arrangement for rolling in a reversing operation a finished section from a preliminary section produced in a continuous casting plant, wherein the preliminary section has a web-like portion corresponding to a web of the finished section and flange-like increased thickness portions corresponding to flanges of the finished section. The rolling stand arrangement includes a rolling unit in a first rolling line with a free runout and a vertical stand for acting on the flange-like increased thickness portions of the preliminary section in order to upset the web-like portion of the preliminary section. A compact rolling stand group arranged in a second rolling line includes a first universal stand on an entry side, a second universal stand on an exit side, and an edging stand arranged between the first and second universal stands. The first rolling line and the second rolling line extend parallel to one another.

Abstract: Flanged structural products are rolled directly from rectangular slabs using only a universal mill having web rolls of fixed width corresponding to a selected finished web depth of the finished product. Original slab width is dependent upon the area ratio of the web and flanges in the intended finished product.Flanged structural products are rolled directly from rectangular slabs using only a universal mill having web rolls of fixed width corresponding to a selected finished web depth of the finished product. Original slab width is dependent upon the area ratio of the web and flanges in the intended finished product. As the slab thickness is reduced between web rolls, flange rolls simultaneously apply pressure to the longitudinal edge surfaces of the slab, moving material toward the slab's center. The edge surfaces of the slab become upset in each pass so that the slab thickness at the edges exceeds the original slab thickness.

Abstract: According to the present invention, in the rolling of an H-shaped steel wherein a roughly shaped billet subjected to a breakdown rolling and having a web and flanges is formed into a shape steel having H-shaped cross section by passing it through an array of rolling facilities for a shape steel constituted by combining a universal rough rolling mill with a universal finish rolling mill, a thickness of each flange at four locations, i.e.

Abstract: A rolling stand with tie-rods, having extremely high strength to axial stresses, which includes a stand base supporting at least two rolling rolls supported by carriers which can be vertically moved in order to be approached or moved away from each other by means of four vertical tie-rods having screw-threaded portions. The screw-threaded portions are provided on opposite sides of at least one pair of support feet arranged between the stand base and the carriers which support and contain a central smooth portion of the tie-rods. A contoured portion extends from at least one of the support feet upwards and downwards in a parallel direction to the tie-rods. The contoured portion houses and guides a vertical rib protruding outwards from the carriers. Both contoured portion and the vertical rib engage, on mutually opposite surfaces, freely removable adjustment/sliding elements.

Abstract: A universal rolling mill stand of a demountable type having two pairs of adjustable rollers. One of the adjustable rollers has a pair of horizontal rollers and another has a pair of vertical rollers. The horizontal rollers and the vertical rollers are mounted demountably from a support base by a horizontal ring stand which is demountable from the base. A pair of lateral vertical side support structures slide apart in opposite directions from the pair of horizontal rollers such that an interior ring of a support roller bearing is retained on the rollers.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for continuously shaping a metal tube by means of shaping rollers, which are arranged around the tube and consist of pairs of rollers disposed on opposite sides of the axis of the tube. It is desired to permit an adaptation of the apparatus to tubes which differ in size and in final shape. This is accomplished in that each shaping roller is radially adjustable relative to the tube and is mounted to be pivotally movable about a pivotal axis which is parallel to the axis of the tube. Said pivotal axis extends through the center of curvature of an arc of a circle which is at least approximated by that portion of the rolling contour which is defined by said shaping roller or said pivotal axis is spaced from said center of curvature in a direction which is parallel to the axis of said shaping roller.

Abstract: A rolling train for rolling girder sections includes at least one two-high reversing roughing stand and a plurality of subsequent universal stands for work rolling and finish rolling. Two universal stands and an upsetting stand are combined to form a reversing tandem group. A universal sizing stand for passing rolling is arranged immediately subsequent to the tandem group. The universal stands of the tandem group have double-cone shaped vertical rolls and the universal sizing stand has cylindrical vertical rolls. The girder section is rolled in several successive passes with the flanges of the section being directed outwardly and the outwardly directed flanges are rolled so as to extend parallel in a last smoothing pass.

Abstract: Universal rolling mill stand (10) which comprises a pair of upper (30) and lower (31) rolls having a horizontal axis and defining a rolling plane (13), the rolls (30-31) being complete with their relative chocks (28-29), and comprises also at least one roll (42) having a vertical axis and cooperating with the rolling plane (13), the roll (42) with the vertical axis including its own positioning and guiding chock (38) cooperating with a means (41) that adjusts said chock (38) and includes a pressure screw (63), the rolling mill stand (10) comprising two standards (11) to position and guide the horizontal chocks (28-29), the standards (11) cooperating with a base plate (49), each of the standards (11) including also two housings (14a-14b) with guides (39) for the chocks (38) of the vertical rolls (42) and also an upper support (24) and lower support (25 ) as well as two adjustment stay bolts (12), each of said housings (14) having a vertical development with intermediate extensions (55) which define guides (39)

Abstract: A method and apparatus for rolling parallel-flange steel shapes under hot conditions through reversing rolling in a universal mill group are disclosed. The mill group comprises a first universal mill, an edging mill, and a second universal mill. The web height of the steel shape is finished to a final target size by a final pass in the second universal mill, or the inner web length is finished to a final target size by reducing the web weight by a first pass in the first universal mill before carrying out the reversing rolling.

Abstract: A method of producing H-beams is carried out by rolling a rough rolled steel billet having a web and flanges by a universal finishing mill having a pair of vertical rolls embracing the flanges of the billet on both sides and a pair of horizontal rolls having widths less than those in the rough rolling and embracing the web on upper and lower sides to reduce the web width and thicknesses of the flanges of the billet and to correct inclination of the flanges, thereby reducing and adjusting an inner web width of the H-beam. The billet is finish-rolled in a state such that the axes of the pair of vertical rolls are shifted onto the downstream side of the axes of the pair of horizontal rolls into an area including a zone where the web width and the thicknesses of the flanges are simultaneously reduced. In another aspect, the billet is rolled by the universal finishing mill whose pair of vertical rolls are positively driven.

Abstract: A winding apparatus for winding a coated wire on the drum for making a coil which is used for a stator or an alternator. A sectional shape of the wire which is introduced to the winding apparatus is circular, and the wire is deformed in order to make the sectional shape of the wire polygonal, so that the polygonal wire is fed to the bobbin in order to be wound on the bobbin. The resulting coil wound by the apparatus has an increased density.

Abstract: A compact rolling mill for rolling sections includes rolling stands such as universal rolling stands and two-high rolling stands arranged along several rolling lines. Provided in the rolling lines are longitudinal conveyors for transporting the rolling stock along these rolling lines and cross conveyors for transporting the rolling stock between the rolling lines. At least two universal rolling stands are combined with one two-high edging stand to define a universal tandem compact group which together with further universal stands and two-high rolling stands may be displaced from one rolling position to another rolling position in a same rolling line or in a different rolling line. The drive unit is directly coupled to the stands along the outermost rolling line while the other remaining stands are indirectly connected to the drive unit transversely across the other rolling lines via other rolling stands.

Abstract: A method and an arrangement for automatically aligning horizontal rolls and vertical rolls in a universal rolling mill stand after the stand has been changed to new types of sections in a rolling mill train. The axial geometric configuration of the vertical rolls in the stand serve as a fixed reference value and the horizontal rolls are displaced radially and axially into roll positions which are measured by actual position indicators and from which the geometric roll gap center and the geometric roll center in the stand are determined. For taking into consideration the spring characteristic constants of the stand, the radial spring characteristic for the two horizontal rolls is determined together, the radial spring characteristic for each vertical roll is determined separately and the axial spring characteristic of one of the horizontal rolls is determined separately in accordance with one of the two axial directions.

Abstract: A workpiece is advanced through a succession of universal roll stands each having a pair of rotatably positively driven horizontal rolls engaging horizontal surfaces of the workpiece and a pair of idling vertical rolls engaging vertical surfaces of the workpiece and normally only rotationally entrained by engagement with the advancing workpiece. The roll stand is controlled by detecting the peripheral speeds of the vertical rolls and generating outputs corresponding thereto and then comparing the outputs to set points and generating error signals corresponding to the difference. The peripheral speed and position of the horizontal rolls are detected to establish same as operating characteristics. Finally the peripheral speeds of the vertical rolls are varied in accordance with the respective differences by varying at least one of the operating characteristics.

Abstract: A method and an arrangement for automatically aligning horizontal rolls and vertical rolls in a universal rolling mill stand after the stand has been changed to new types of sections in a rolling mill train. The axial geometric configuration of the vertical rolls in the stand serve as a fixed reference value and the horizontal rolls are displaced radially and axially into roll positions which are measured by actual position indicators and from which the geometric roll gap center and the geometric roll center in the stand are determined. For taking into consideration the spring characteristic constants of the stand, the radial spring characteristic for the two horizontal rolls is determined together, the radial spring characteristic for each vertical roll is determined separately and the axial spring characteristic of one of the horizontal rolls is determined separately in accordance with one of the two axial directions.

Abstract: A method for adjusting and changing the heights of the plane of passage of a material being rolled through rolls of a rolling stand of a shape rolling mill including a flange upsetting stand arranged between two universal stand, the height adjustment for changing the plane of passage of the material being rolled being caused by raising or lowering the rolling stand or parts of the rolling stands carrying these rolls, and the height of the passage plane of the material being rolled through the rolls of this flange upsetting stand being controlled, changed and fixed in the course of the rolling operation for correcting the web central position of a shaped steel profile relative to the adjusted plane of passage of the remaining rolling stands.

Abstract: Adjustable width rolls are preferably used for rolling, for example, insides of H-beams of various sizes without exchanging horizontal rolls of a rolling mill. Each of the adjustable width rolls includes a roll shaft rotatably and axially movably supported relative to the rolling mill, and axially adjustable sleeve roll fixed to the roll shaft, and an axially stationary sleeve roll mounted on the roll shaft to be axially slidable but against rotatable relatively to the roll shaft. The adjustable width roll further includes an axially adjustable roll fixedly supported by the axially adjustable sleeve roll to form substantially one half of a rolling barrel of the adjustable width roll, an axially stationary roll fixedly supported by the axially stationary sleeve roll to form substantially the remaining half of the rolling barrel of the adjustable width roll, and a driving mechanism for driving the roll shaft in axial directions of the roll shaft.

Abstract: A compact rolling mill for rolling sections includes rolling stands such as universal rolling stands and two-high rolling stands arranged along several rolling lines. Provided in the rolling lines are longitudinal conveyors for transporting the rolling stock along these rolling lines and cross conveyors for transporting the rolling stock between the rolling lines. At least two universal rolling stands are combined with one two-high edging stand to define a universal tandem compact group which together with further universal stands and two-high rolling stands may be displaced from one rolling position to another rolling position in a same rolling line or in a different rolling line. The drive unit is directly coupled to the stands along the outermost rolling line while the other remaining stands are indirectly connected to the drive unit transversely across the other rolling lines via other rolling stands.

Abstract: H-shaped steel products having substantially a constant web height are efficiently manufactured from workpieces after breakdown rolling by using a particular universal rolling mill comprising a pair of width variable horizontal rolls and a pair of vertical rolls in rough universal rolling and/or finish universal rolling stages without arrangement of rolls in the same size series having different flange thicknesses.

Abstract: A method and an arrangement for controlling the thicknesses of webs and flanges of beam sections in universal rolling mill stands. A gage-meter circuit is provided for each roll of the universal rolling mill stand. In order to maintain a certain ratio of web elongation to flange elongation, the gage-meter circuits are coupled to each other for a mutual influencing. The adjustment can be effected in dependence on a rolling schedule.

Abstract: A rolling method for parallel-flange steel shapes is disclosed, which comprises the steps of:rough rolling a rolling material in a breakdown mill to form a web and two flanges connected to the ends of the web;performing intermediate rolling to reduce the flanges to substatially their final dimensions; andperforming finish rolling in a universal finishing mill to reduce the web height by rolling the outer surfaces of the flanges with vertical rolls without the inner surfaces of the flanges contacting the lateral surfaces of the horizontal rolls of the universal finishing mill.

Abstract: In a device for the guidance of rolling material in a rolling mill stand of a shape mill, for lateral guidance of the flanges of steel sections in a flange edging stand, every lateral flange guide is constructed so as to include multiple parts, preferably three parts, and a center flange guide piece is arranged in the area of a stand window of the rolling mill stand and in the area of the roll chocks arranged in the stand window, respectively, so as to be exchangeable and/or displaceable, while the two outer flange guide elements are arranged on the stand side.

Abstract: A universal rolling mill stand with adjustable sets of horizontal rolls and vertical rolls guided in window-type recesses of the roll housings. Each roll housing is formed by a pair of housing posts with cross-members connected by means of transverse supports. The bearing chocks of the set of horizontal rolls are vertically movable between the housing posts of the respective pair of housing posts and the bearing chocks of the set of vertical rolls are moved horizontally between outwardly cantilevering attachments of the pairs of housing posts. The upper cross-members connecting the pairs of housing posts can be raised and swung horizontally. A frame-type cage having plate-like wall members is connectible to lifting devices. The outer surfaces of the wall members of the cage are guided on guide surfaces of the housing posts of pairs of housing posts which face each other. The cage is vertically and horizontally movable with the mill stand and can be installed and removed from the rolling mill stand.

Abstract: A roll stand with two or more pairs of roll housings 1, 2, 3, 4 and respectively 7,8. Roll bearing supports are slidingly conducted between the housings of the pairs, and the housings of the pairs are connected together outside the roll bearing supports by means of cross-arms 17, 18; 19, 20 or respectively 13, 14. They can be moved in the direction of the longitudinal axes of these threaded columns through inserted pressure nuts 21, 22; 23, 24 or respectively 34, 35 and with threaded columns 1a, 2a; 3a, 4a or respectively 7a, 8a, where these threaded columns are connected with the roll stands 1, 2, 3, 4 or respectively 13, 14. The threaded columns 1a, 2a; 3a, 4a or respectively 7a, 8a are fixedly set into the roll housings 1, 2, 3, 4 or respectively 7, 8, and stand upon them. The pressure nuts 21, 22, 23, 23 or respectively 34, 35 are drivably mounted in the cross-arms 17, 18, 19,20 or 13, 14 or 36, 37.

Abstract: A method for rolling section steel, particularly sheet piles. The section steel is rolled successively in successive passes. At least always two of the passes are combined in a common two-high stand. Rough rolling is carried out in several passes in at least one universal stand, wherein the at least one universal stand is adjusted after each pass. Finish rolling is carried out in the conventional manner in the passes of subsequent stands. A reversing mill train for carrying out the method includes at least one universal stand, and edging stand following the at least one universal stand, and two-high roll stands following the edging stand.

Abstract: An adjusting mechanism for a universal stand, particularly for a finishing stand in a group of compact roll stands and a method for operating the adjusting mechanism. The adjusting mechanism includes two hydraulic control cylinders for at least one horizontal roll which is usually the top roll. The at least one horizontal roll and the two vertical rolls are provided with hydraulic fine adjustments and each roll having a hydraulic fine adjustment is provided with an electromechanic coarse adjustment which can be operated independently of the fine adjustment. The electromechanic coarse adjustments as well as the hydraulic fine adjustments are monitored with respect to position of displacement pickups. The fine adjustments are additionally monitored by means of pressure pickups or rolling force pickups. The hydraulic fine adjustments are set up for the adjustment and opening of the rolls under pressure.

Abstract: Universal rolling stand with horizontal rolling rings supported as cantilevers on the mill stand, to the front of which stand is fitted a universal device (13) that forms a compact unit, pre-assembled and pre-positioned, comprising horizontal rolling rings (12), means (30) to secure the horizontal rings, vertical rolling rings (23) and equipment (33) to guide the rolled stock.

Abstract: Rolling stand which can be converted into a four-high stand or universal stand, comprising two coordinated pairs of roll standards (13) mounted on a base plate (11), said roll standards being able to support a universal stand roll assembly (24) or a four-high stand roll assembly (25), said roll standards being longitudinaly movable and able to be reciprocally positioned at least in their working position on said base plate (11), each pair of roll standards permanently bearing two main standardized housings (14) together with their associated devices (15) for adjusting the distance between the centers of the rolls, said devices (15) cooperating with supports (16) comprised in said roll standards (13), said main housings (14) supporting horizontal axis rolls (35), either the vertical axis rolls (28) belonging to an universal stand roll assembly (24) or the horizontal axis rolls (36) of a four-high roll assembly (25) being located within the interspace comprised between two main housings (14) of each pair of rol

Abstract: A universal finishing stand in which the rolling wheels of the horizontal rolls are disposed and eccentric to the transverse central planes of the corresponding rolling tables and adjacent the vertical laminating roll in order to form a space defined by the passive faces of the rolling wheels and a support post through which a rail blank may be freely passed during the edging and universal rolling passes. In another embodiment, the space is temporarily formed by shifting the horizontal rolls along their axes of rotation.

Abstract: To avoid impacts on the first pass of the rolled product through a universal rolling mill the vertical rolls of the rolling mill can be provided with their own integral drive according to our invention. In an electrical drive for a vertical roll the vertical roll is the rotor of an electric motor while the stator is a circular collar on a nonrotatable supporting axle for the vertical roll. In a hydraulic drive for a vertical roll a hydraulic motor is either located in a housing side extension of the structural member supporting the vertical roll to drive it from the outside by spur wheel gearing or by a frictional drive or the hydraulic motor is mounted in the nonrotating supporting axle of the vertical roll and engages on an inner cogged drive ring on the vertical roll from the inside by spur gearing positioned on a transverse plane.

Abstract: A hot profile-steel workpiece having a flange width dimension, a web height dimension, and a web thickness dimension is rolled in a roll train including a reversible univerial rolling stand and a flange-compacting roll stand unstream therefrom. According to the invention one of the height, width, or thickness dimensions of the incoming workpiece is reduced upstream of the flange-engaging compacting roll stand. Normally the web height dimension is reduced in a roll stand immediately upstream of the universal and flange-compacting stands. Furthermore the workpiece has a web with extra-thick parts and these extra-thick parts are rolled out by horizontal rolls of a roll stand that engage this web. The flange-compacting roll stand engages the faces of the flanges. With this system it is possible to make the web of the incoming workpiece either shorter or taller, that is it can either be compacted or rolled out.

Abstract: In a beam mill stand having lower horizontal roll chocks, supported by screw-ups, upper horizontal roll chocks suspended on hooks from balance beams and urged downward by screw-downs, and vertical roll chocks supported by and moveable in transverse guide ways, in order to facilitate changing of the rolls as an interlocked stack, there are resilient support mechanisms in the upper horizontal roll chocks which are restrained by the hooks on the balance beams. With the mill stand inoperative, when the beams are lowered the resilient support mechanisms are released and extend to engage the vertical roll chocks to support the upper horizontal roll chocks resiliently. An interlocking mechanism in the vertical rolls is operated by the resilient support mechanism so that the vertical and lower horizontal roll chocks are locked against lateral movement.

Abstract: Continuous casting of metal is optimumly practiced by pouring a casting configured with a trapezoidal cross-section, which issues from the bottom of a mold curvilinearly directed to horizontal extension where it is passed between vertically aligned squeeze rolls which compressively deform and narrow the cross-sectional configuration from trapezoidal to rectilinear and thereby straighten and true the casting for being pinched-off and sectioned to length while the core of the casting is molten. The inventive method and means avoids tensilely stressing the casting, lessening the risk that the skin of the casting will rupture from being stretched and that molten metal from the core of the casting will spill endangering personnel and equipment and ruining the casting.

Abstract: To fix the relative axial position of a roll of a rolling mill and particularly with rolls of an unsymmetrical shape to improve the maintenance of tolerances for flange thicknesses of rolled sections at least one roll is provided with a double acting hydraulic cylinder for axial positioning by which the axial position is held fixed by an actual value-set value comparison by a control device. The actual value measurement of the axial position during a pass in which the rolls have changing axial forces should occur as close as possible to the rolled section for elimination of the position shifts due to compressibility or flexibility of components.

Abstract: The structural steel rolling mill comprises a reversing two high rough rolling mill, at least one universal working rolling mill and at least one flanging edging rolling mill included in a reversing tandem rolling mill group, and a universal finishing rolling mill at the outlet end of the structural steel rolling mill. The reversing tandem group following the rough rolling mill has a universal working rolling mill, a flanging edging rolling mill and the universal finishing rolling mill. By including the universal finishing rolling mill in the reversing tandem rolling mill group the universal finishing rolling mill also participates in the reversing action and because of that is more effective in shaping than the standard finishing rolling mill so that in practice the special universal finishing rolling mill following the reversing tandem group is omitted as well as the edging rolling mill commonly provided with it and the roller bed located between them.

Abstract: A method of aligning the horizontal and vertical rolls of a beam mill stand. First the upper horizontal roll is brought to a datum position, and then the vertical rolls are brought into contact with the opposite flanks of upper horizontal roll, to establish datum positions for the vertical rolls. The vertical rolls are then withdrawn from their datum positions, and the lower horizontal roll is brought into contact with the upper horizontal roll to establish a datum position for the second horizontal roll. The vertical rolls are brought into contact with the flanks of the upper and lower horizontal rolls. The initial inter-roll spacing of the vertical rolls at first contact is compared with the inter-roll spacing of the vertical rolls at the second contact to determine if there is any axial misalignment of the horizontal work rolls.

Abstract: A universal rolling stand has horizontally oriented rolls mounted in upper and lower roll mounts, as well as vertically oriented rolls mounted in roll mounts such that the respective axes of all rolls extend in a common plane. A biparted center frame in the stand has a plane of partitioning coinciding with the common plane. Tie rods releasably interconnect the two frame halves; slide structure on the frame halves permit therein separation in opposite directions upon release of the tie rods; and the upper and lower roll mounts are releasably mounted to the frame halves by means of additional tie rods. Upper and lower roll mounts are independently supportable upon release from the frame halves. The roll mounts can be placed on rails underneath.

Abstract: A rolling stand of the type with tie-rods that, in addition to being suitable to be easily replaced, dismantled and reassembled, it is also capable of being transformed from a two-high stand, having only a pair of parallel and motor-driven rolls, into a universal stand, composed, in addition to the pair of parallel rolls, by a further two vertical idle rolls, opposed to each other, and perpendicular to the previously mentioned cylinders.

Abstract: An internal frame carrying vertical rolls of a roll set permanently remains in the mill. The frame consists of spaced-apart cross members tied together on each end by a yoke member. Clamping plates hold the frame down in the mill. Pass line adjustment of the vertical rolls is done through vertical movement of the frame. The yoke on the operating side is removable and is raised and lowered for roll set changing, and is equipped at its top with tracks which in the removable yoke's lower position form part of a rail system in the roll set changing operation. Pins and cylinders hold the removable yoke to the cross members. Stooling pins are automatically engaged in the chocks of the vertical and horizontal rolls forming an interlocking roll set for its removal from the mill.

Abstract: The rolls of a universal type mill stand are adjusted by moving the lower horizontal roll into position, directly or iteratively, by shifting the upper horizontal roll axially under utilization of the vertical rolls. In the case of conical rolls the latter operation is included in the iteration to obtain minimum spacing between the vertical rolls. The position of all rolls under rolling pressure serves as reference for further adjustment towards dimensions of the stock.

Abstract: Rolling method and apparatus for forming sections having a flange connected to a web. Between two optional steps of roughing, intermediate rolling, and finishing steps, rolls 15, 15', 16, and 16' are arranged to expand the web in the widthwise direction. The rolls 15, 15', 16, and 16' fall in contact with the inner sides 21 and 22 of flanges. The rolls 15, 15', 16, and 16' may be engaged with the upper and lower faces of the web. The axes of the rolls 15, 15', 16, and 16' may be inclined at a predetermined angle .theta.h in a direction horizontally rectangular to the rolling direction. It is preferred that the axes of the rolls 15, 15', 16, and 16' be vertically inclined at an angle .theta.v to the horizontal plane.

Abstract: A rough beam (4) is formed on a universal stand (11), and a two high stand starting with an initial section (1) of rectangular or trapezoidal cross-section, in two series of passes in the universal stand. During the first series reduction of the web forming portion is effected by horizontal rolls (5, 6) acting on the central portion of the initial section (1) and during the second series of passes both the horizontal rolls (5, 6) and the vertical rolls (7, 8) of the universal stand (11) simultaneously reduce the web and flanges, respectively. The rough-beam being formed during the second series of passes is also rolled in the open grooves of a two high stand.

Abstract: A process for forming a rail blank in a universal stand, starting with an initial section (1) of rectangular cross-section comprising a first series of passes for cutting into the web forming portion by way of horizontal rolls (2, 3) accompanied by reduction of the head by way of one of the vertical roll (5), and a second series of passes for simultaneously reducing the head flank forming portions by the horizontal rolls (2, 3) and the base forming portions by one of the vertical roll (4) of the universal stand, the other roll (5) remaining non-active.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for preventing defects in the symmetry of rolled H-beams or I-beams, i.e., a faulty position of their webs (4) in relation to their flanges (5), by correcting such defects in situ. The differential between the torques applied to the upper and lower rolls (1,2) of the rolling stand is determined and compared to a predetermined threshhold value (.delta.). Any excess of the measured value over the threshhold value is eliminated by correction of the elevation of the inlet table of the rolling stand so as to reduce the measured value to below the threshhold value.