Abstract: In the rolling of metallic material by using a rolling mill having a working roll for each surface of the workpiece reduced and having the shafts fixed with respect to movement in the direction of travel of the workpiece, the workpiece is rolled at such a high reduction rate in cross-sectional area that the contact angle .theta. between the working roll and the workpiece can have a value of .gtoreq. tan.sup.-1 .mu. (.mu. being the coefficient of friction between the working roll and the workpiece), and the rolling operation is carried out by pushing the workpiece between the working rolls, so that a neutral point of relative movements between the rods and the workpiece wire remain within the surface along which the working roll and the workpiece contact each other.

Abstract: A multistand, continuous stretch reducing mill is designed so that for the major reduction passes the largest to smallest diameter ratio changes by less than 0.4% from pass to pass and the squeeze length differential remains below 1.15 times the square root of the average logarithmic reduction (in millimeters) of the outer diameter of each pass. This way, polygonal inner contour and cracks in the pipe adjacent a roll gap is avoided.

Abstract: A process and mill for stretch reduction rolling of tubes is provided having individually driven roll stands, said roll strands being driven so as to impart a maximum traction force, limited only by the transferability of frictional forces between roll and tube, on the tube in all the passes that grip said tube, at least in the passes at the entry end of the mill.

Abstract: A process for hot rolling an H-shaped metallic material from a workpiece of rectangular cross section which comprises reducing the workpiece in the width direction thereof while wedgewise knifing the opposing sides of the workpiece by means of a first pair of grooves formed in rolls of a vertical roll stand; reducing the workpiece in the width direction thereof while spreading the knifed sides by means of a second pair of grooves which may be formed in rolls of another vertical roll stand or in the rolls having said first pair of grooves; and subsequently rolling the workpiece to a required size by universal rolling mills. This process thus enables a starting material of a rectangular cross section to be employed instead of that of H-shaped cross section.

Abstract: A rolled steel oil control piston ring for internal combustion engines is of generally U-shaped cross section with a pair of opposed rigid sidewalls projecting inwardly of the ring from a central peripheral wall thereof. A pair of flat-faced solid scraper rims formed by closed pleats rolled from the peripheral wall extend outwardly of the ring. The ring is made by rolling flat strip steel stock through a series of profiled rollers by guiding the edges of the stock without deforming the same, while taking up dimensional variations of the stock by displacement of the central portion of the strip. Pleats are formed in the central portion by the profiled rollers and the pleats are closed on themselves to provide the solid scraper rims. An extrusion-like profile-reducing rolling step provides dimensional accuracy to the finished strip which is then punched to provide the vent openings in the peripheral wall, and coiled and cut to form individual piston rings.

Abstract: In the rolling of metal material to round cross-sectional shape through a succession of three roll stands with the horizontal-horizontal-vertical, or vertical-vertical-horizontal rolls arranged in this order in the rolling down direction for achievement of increased accuracy of dimensional control at finish, an initial metal stock of specific oval cross-section is rolled to an intermediate and small reduction through the first and second stands forming specific oval groove, and then to a finish and small reduction through the third stand forming a round groove.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the reduction rolling of metal rod out of billets, ingots, continuously cast bar and like starting elements, in and by which the stock to be reduced is sent through a sequential series of roll-stands each having a pair of reduction rolls and an entry guide to direct the stock into the nip of the rolls. Some, most or all of the rolls are cylindrical, parallel and devoid of grooves; the stock is shaped by rolling so that upon arrival at and upon departure from each pair of grooveless rolls it has a cross-sectional profile having a major axis which is from one and one half to two and one half times longer than a minor axis at right angles to the major axis. The stock so shaped is presented to the grooveless rolls so that its minor axis is substantially parallel to the work surfaces of the rolls.

Abstract: An apparatus for bending sheet metal wherein a plurality of forming rolls are utilized. The rolls are situated at succeeding stations, and a first bending station includes a roll having forming protrusions in spaced apart relationship on the roll surface. The roll also defines drive elements which are engageable by the sheet so that movement of the sheet against a roll drive element operates to drive the roll and to thus move a forming protrusion into contact with the sheet for bending the sheet. Shift means are associated with this roll for locating the drive elements and protrusions in different positions to thereby control the particular drive element engaged by the sheet whereby the particular forming protrusion which performs the bending function can be pre-selected.

Abstract: There is disclosed a rolling assembly for the initial rolling passes of a metal ingot coming from a continuous casting machine and having substantially triangular or trapezial cross-section with mutually proportional sides. The rolling assembly comprises at least a first rolling unit with three rolls each having the same geometrical shape defining a substantially circular passage. This shape is such that the metal ingot entering the rolling unit comes into contact along a preponderal part of its peripheral contour with the rolls and that the forces acting on the metal ingot have at each point of contact a resultant substantially directed towards the center of the metal ingot.

Abstract: A method of producing a metal bar having one edge serrated wherein a billet work-piece of metal is heated and passed through stands of a hot rolling mill so as to elongate the billet into a bar and form the bar to a generally rectangular shape, supporting the side faces of the bar in a notching stand near the output end of the mill, supporting one edge of the work-piece in the notching stand by one roll of that stand, forming serrations in the other edge of the bar in the working zone by engaging that other edge with outstanding teeth of the second roll, and subsequently passing the work-piece through a further stand to flatten the work-piece side faces and size the work-piece.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to method and apparatus for the operation of a plug mill, in the production of seamless tubes. Provisions are made for maintaining a circulating supply of plug and mandrel assemblies such that, after a tubular shell from a piercing mill has been given a first pass through the plug mill, the entire combination of the plug and mandrel assembly, and the just-processed shell, are transferred bodily into alignment with the axis of a second stage mill. The shell is then advanced in the same direction through a second mill stand, over a second plug, while simultaneously being stripped from the first mandrel. By enabling the shell to be passed through the second plug mill pass, without the requirement of an intermediate operation of stripping the shell from the first stage mandrel, significant time economies are realized. With conventional plug mill equipment and techniques, the plug mill represents a bottleneck in the sequence of operations involved in the production of seamless tubing.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling the flatness of a metal sheet during rolling, which comprises two edge-rollers and a center-roller provided closely adjacent to opposite ones of the upper and the lower surfaces of a metal sheet during rolling substantially in the horizontal direction, at least at one of the entry and the exit sections of rolling mill rolls; said edge-rollers and/or said center-roller causing a change in the tension distribution of said metal sheet in the width direction, by imparting desired vertical displacement to a desired portion of said metal sheet, thereby increasing the draft at said portion of said metal sheet during rolling.

Abstract: Tubular billets are stretch-rolled in that the rolls of locations closer to the entrance have the speeds reduced temporarily from their respective normal operation speed by an amount, which is made dependent upon the mean longitudinal tension in the billet during rolling.

Abstract: A straightening machine for straightening elongated workpieces at high speed comprises a plurality of stands or frames mounted on a machine bed displaceable with respect to each other in the direction of the movement of the workpieces. Each stand comprises a cage provided with a set of four straightening rolls rotatable about the axis. Each cage is mounted on a cage holder on a guide adjustable in radial direction with respect to the workpiece axis and the guides on the plurality of stands are located in parallel planes normal to the workpiece axis, with the guides on successive stands extending normal to each other as viewed in the direction of movement of the workpiece through the machine.

Abstract: An improved rolling mill capable of both stretch reducing tubes having relatively small external diameters and of reducing tubes having relatively large external diameters is provided having a plurality of successive roller stands some stands having small roll diameters and other stands having large roll diameters, the said other stands having large roll diameters being arranged to follow, in the direction of rolling, the said some stands having small roll diameters so that said other stands are at the exit end of the rolling mill.

Abstract: A multistand rolling mill for stretch reducing tubes is provided in which the first stands of a plurality of successive stands are operated to build up tension and at least one of said stands is provided with means for varying the roll speed to provide a desired speed step in those stands designed to build up tension.

Abstract: Rod or wire shaped material is produced by substantial reduction of the cross-sectional area of a metal blank in each of two types of alternating, sequentially arranged rolling passes, each of one type of pass being effected by flat-rolling the blank in at least one pair of rolls having substantially smooth roll barrels, and each of the other type of pass being effected by upset-rolling the blank in at least one pair of rolls having grooves which exhibit a rounded groove bottom.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a new procedure for the stretch reducing of tubular stock, in a manner to reduce the so-called crop end loss off of specification product at the ends of a tube section. In the process of the invention, a multi-stand stretch reducing mill is provided with a plurality of speed variable mill stands, at least at the upstream or entry end of the multi-stand mill. As the head end of a finite tubing section enters the upstream end of the mill, and as the tail or trailing end of the finite section enters the mill, programmed speed variations are made in the selected mill stands, to compensate for the fact that the head end or tail end sections of a finite length of pipe are acted upon at any given instant by fewer mill stands than intermediate sections of the tube.In the process of the invention, selected mill stands are speed controlled such that certain ones thereof apply maximum pulling force to the tube end section, while certain other mill stands apply maximum retarding force.

Abstract: A rolling mill having a plurality of serially connected roll stands and a finishing stand. A differential drive is provided between the first two stands of the finishing rolls so that different area reduction may be achieved in the finishing stands from a common preceeding stand.