Abstract: A hydraulic forming machine, including a body provided with a feed inlet penetrating a first mounting surface, a cutting mechanism, a forming die, an ejector arranged on the forming die, and a driving mechanism. The forming die includes a movable die and a fixed die matched with each other. The cutting mechanism and the fixed die are provided on the first mounting surface of the body and respectively at two sides of the discharge end of the feed inlet. The movable die is arranged on the driving mechanism and driven by the driving mechanism to move close to or away from the fixed die in a direction perpendicular to the first mounting surface. The cutting mechanism is configured to cut a blank at an output end of the conveying inlet. The blank cut by the cutting mechanism is extruded between the fixed die and the movable die.

Abstract: A press device includes: a first die having a shape of an elliptical cylinder; a second die having a first recess that forms a part of an elliptical-cylindrical space configured to arrange the first die therein; a third die having a second recess to be combined with the first recess to form the elliptical-cylindrical space; a first press mechanism that inserts the first die along a radial direction of the first die to the first recess of the second die over which the flat metal stock is placed so as to press the metal stock; and a second press mechanism that moves the third die relative to the first die inserted to the first recess so as to confine the first die and the metal stock in the elliptical-cylindrical space formed by the first recess and the second recess.

Abstract: A pressing device is capable of selectively pressing either a coiled material or a sheet material. The pressing device includes a pair of bars and a first retracting mechanism. Each bar includes a holding section capable of holding the sheet material, a first end section separably linked to the holding section on an upstream side of the holding section along a conveyance direction of a material, and a second end section separably linked to the holding section on a downstream side of the holding section along the conveyance direction. The first retracting mechanism is configured to move the first end sections to an upper first retracted position during the pressing of the coiled material.

Abstract: A process of compressing a slug to have tapered ends, then reforming the slug to change the configuration to a shorter length with a larger diameter across the center of the slug. The slug is then reformed and a hole pressed there through, with the pressing of the partial hole reforming the configuration to have a near perfect radius with a hole through the slug, whereby a near prefect ball is made, and the ball has a hole there through.

Abstract: A ventilating fan includes a sirocco fan disposed in a box-shaped body and an adapter connected to an air outlet of the sirocco fan. The sirocco fan is composed of two opposite scroll plates with scroll shapes and a casing plate sandwiched between the two scroll plates. An overall air inlet of the sirocco fan is disposed on the first scroll plate and a central line of the air outlet of the adapter is offset towards the second scroll plate. The present invention is advantageous in that no turbulence is generated at the adapter and the wind amount of the ventilating fan is thus ensured and noise is reduced. Therefore, the present invention can provide a small air blowing device with high efficiency and improve stability of performance of the product.

Abstract: Disclosed is an angle sensor, which is capable of accurately measuring an angle of a steering shaft by selecting an optimum gear ratio between main and subsidiary gears constituting the angle sensor, measures a rotation amount of a vehicle steering shaft, and includes a ring-shaped main gear rotating along with the steering shaft, a first subsidiary gear rotated by rotation of the main gear and having a magnet coupled to a surface thereof, and a magnetic device detecting a change in magnetic field of the magnet and outputting data on a rotation amount, so that the first subsidiary gear rotates four times while the main gear rotates once, and a value of a scale factor is minimized during a process of acquiring valid data for measuring the angle of the main gear and thereby an error of a measured value is minimized.

Abstract: The invention relates to a machine for the hot dispensing of brass or aluminium plugs of predetermined lengths, obtained by cutting an elongated brass or aluminium bar. The invention is advantageous in that there is no loss of material in the cut pieces and the manufacturing process costs and times are very competitive. The machine can very accurately cut bars made from standard brass, as well as special brass, and can manufacture plugs using a “just in time” production system. The invention consists of a single compact body essentially comprising: means for progressively heating more than one brass or aluminium bar such that the bar closest to the outlet is the hottest bar; means for automatically pushing the bar nearest the outlet towards cutting means; and means for transversally cutting the pre-heated bar, thus forming plugs.

Abstract: A method and tool for the production of three-dimensional attachments out of a flat strip by forming and fine blanking operations, especially for car seat components or the like. The flat strip is fed into a tool, at least one plate is stamped out of the plate in the tool, the plate is processed into an attachment in multiple processing steps, at first by fine blanking, in a following second step the developed burrs are flattened and then without finishing the attachment is removed from the tool ready for mounting. Attachments with complex geometry can be produced by combined fine blanking and forming operations in such a way, that mountable and burr-free parts with very small tolerances, high accuracy and process safety can be provided at effective costs.

Abstract: A corrugated metal sheet member fabrication system formed of a material feeder, a roller-ramming unit, a cutting unit, a conveyer, and a finished product receiving rack is disclosed. When the reciprocating cutting-off device is moved forwards or backwards, the belt frame of the conveyer is synchronously moved to carry the movable frames forwards or backwards, and therefore the front driven roller and the rear driven roller with the conveying belt are moved with the movable frames forwards to the extended position or backwards to the retrieved position. After the movable frames has been moved forwards, the front side of the conveying belt is kept spaced above the base for receiving finished products from the reciprocating cutting-off device of the cutting unit and delivering collected finished products to the finished product receiving rack.

Abstract: A forming machine comprises a shearing device for shearing off a section of a bar stock, a forming station for forming the sheared off bar stock section and a transport device for the bar stock. The shearing device has two shearing blades, of which one is movable transverse to the longitudinal extension of the bar stock. The shearing blades each have an assembly block and a shearing insert attached to this. For one of the shearing blades, the shearing insert is made of a heat-resistant, break-proof and thermal shock-resistant hard material and essentially has the form of a cylindrical half-shell. This shearing insert is arranged in a reception recess of the assembly block, which is adapted in shape, and is releasably clamped to the assembly block by means of screwed clamping blocks.

Abstract: Thin shredder blade having blade points without steps, including blade body and cutting part located on periphery of blade body and includes a blade point. The cutting part includes a primary protrusion protruding from the cutting part. The primary protrusion includes a top, an inclined plane extending between the top and blade point, and an acute angle formed by inclined plane and blade body. The plane is an inverted triangle. The cutting part further includes first and second hemlines extending from the blade body and intersecting to the blade point. A first plane extends between the top and first hemline and intersects with the inclined plane. The blade body includes a large protrusion which protrudes in the same direction as the primary protrusion. The blade sets formed by the thin blades and the manufacturing method of the thin blades are provided.

Abstract: A method includes providing a sheet having layers characterized by different softnesses, providing a die component having a leading surface that is generally concave, and causing the leading surface to puncture the sheet thereby to cut a part from the sheet. The method provides improved flatness of parts cut from sheets having layers of varying softness and prevents soft material from exiting the sheet because the peripheral edge of the leading surface applies maximum pressure to the sheet during the puncturing step.

Abstract: A tolerance ring with functional layers has an annular band and an elastomeric layer. The assembly also may have a low friction layer, which may be bonded, calendared or laminated thereto. The low friction material may completely encapsulate the annular band.

Abstract: Metal parts can be economically fabricated by a metal stamping that comprises preforming a piece of wire to have a shape corresponding to the 2-dimensional configuration of a desired product workpiece, flattening the wire to form a metal blank, and subjecting the metal blank to metal stamping to obtain the desired product workpiece. The process can significantly reduce the amount of scrap material and thereby reduce manufacturing costs.

Abstract: A vehicular body panel or component part having a reinforcing backing plate reconciled or joined to a part of a blank material at a position wherein a bending formation is implemented. The backing plate has one or more apertures formed in at least one lateral row at a location equivalent to the position of the bending formation. When forming the blank material and the backing plate concurrently by a bending operation, the backing plate becomes intimately associated with the blank sheet to avoid the backing plate from locally separating from the blank material and from forming a gap relative thereto, with a resultant improved product quality.

Abstract: Metal parts can be economically fabricated by a metal stamping that comprises preforming a piece of wire to have a shape corresponding to the 2-dimensional configuration of a desired product workpiece, flattening the wire to form a metal blank, and subjecting the metal blank to metal stamping to obtain the desired product workpiece. The process can significantly reduce the amount of scrap material and thereby reduce manufacturing costs.

Abstract: A system and process for stamping parts having tolerances below 1000 nanometers. The inventive system and process is particularly suited for producing optoelectronic parts. The system includes a stamping press and one or a progression of stamping stations for supporting a punch and die. The stamping stations are designed to maintain substantial alignment of the punch and die with minimal moving components. The stamping station includes a shaft for rigidly guiding the punch to the die. The stamping press is capable of providing the punch with the necessary force to perform the stamping operations. The system includes an interface system for interfacing the force of the press with the punch, while simultaneously structurally decoupling the press from the punch. The system also includes a locating sub-plate, for locating the stamping station in alignment relative to each other, and means for in-line machine stock material before entry into the stamping stations.

Abstract: A hot forge forming facility includes at least a material supply device, a heating device, a guiding device and a punching device. The material supply device carries a continuous supply of metal material in rolls. The heating device heats and softens the metal material. The guiding device guides and drives the metal material to the heating device. The punching device compresses, forms and cuts the softened metal material in continuous punching operation to smoothly and quickly produce desired products that are consistent with actual production requirements.

Abstract: In a process for forming a linking element for a push belt for a continuously variable transmission, material is displaced from a central portion of the linking element during a blanking process, which central portion is substantially centrally located in the horizontal transverse direction. A blanking member which is applied during the blanking process, comprises a shaping surface which abuts against a front surface or a back surface of the linking element under the influence of pressure during the blanking process. The blanking member is provided with a relatively elevated central portion, which serves to displace material from the central portion of the linking element during the blanking process.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming container ends includes tooling which forms dome members for can ends, which dome members include an open neck thereon. Thread lugs are formed as integral spaced apart shaped protrusions from the neck exterior. A system is also disclosed for forming quantities of a specific form of dome members, capable of later attachment to container bodies. A thin metal strip is fed through an array of progressive tooling to form blanks, from which such specific form of dome members are formed. The blanks are produced in the metal strip and connected thereto by multiple carrying strips which allow sufficient mobility of the blanks with respect to the strip to achieve precise alignment with the tooling at different stations in the progression. At the final station, completed dome members are separated from the remaining metal skeleton and moved rapidly out of the system, and the skeleton may be chopped up for recycling.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a turbine blade retainer using a material cutting device and a material bending device includes steps for suspending a bar stock material between a polyurethane shock absorber and a bore of a cutting jig support, moving the cutting punch downward to press the distal end of the bar stock material into the shock absorber and then cut the bar stock material to thereby generate a blank, clamping the blank between a bending punch and a receiving slide by pressing the bending punch against the receiving slide, bending the distal end of the blank against a chamfered section of a bending support in response to continued downward motion of the bending punch to thereby form a blade retainer precursor, and milling the blade retainer precursor to form the blade retainer. Corresponding devices for performing these steps are also described.

Abstract: A rotor assembly for an electric motor comprising rotor elements each having a body portion and pole portions formed integrally as a pressing from strip steel, Each successively formed rotor element is formed with its pole portions offset relative to its body portion by an amount different from the offset on the previously formed rotor element. The rotor elements are produces by the use of a progressive die assembly to punch the rotor elements from strip material. At least part of the pole portion of the rotor element is produced by a first die member, and at least a part of the body portion is produced by a second die member. Relative movement is effected between the first and second die members between successive punching operations to change the pole portion offset.

Abstract: Notched areas are provided on the outer periphery of a flat plate in the coining process to allow material of said plate flow more easily toward the periphery during the coining process. Use of flat plate provides a more economical way of making elements with accurate size and dimensions for continuously variable transmission belt.

Abstract: A body having a thin region in substantially a half lower portion and a head joined to the body by a neck. When the element is blanked out of a metal sheet, an excess amount of metal produced by pressing the substantially half lower portion of the body flows from the body into the metal sheet positioned on an opposite side of the neck and a metal flow is produced into laterally spaced ends of the neck. The head has relatively thick laterally spaced ends and the head neck and the body have respective thicknesses equal to or smaller than the thickness of the head. The laterally spaced side end regions of the body have a thickness smaller than a thickness of the lower region of the neck in the substantially half upper portion of the body.

Abstract: Stamping press arrangement, comprising an impact member (3), a supporting member (4) and a movably arranged cutting tool (5), the impact member (3) being arranged to perform at least one striking movement against the cutting tool (5) for cutting a blank (1) being held by the supporting member (4). The stamping press arrangement comprises a moulding tool (7) for moulding a segment (2) cut from said blank (1) and that the impact member (3) is arranged also to influence the moulding tool (7).

Abstract: A one-piece bulbshield is sized and shaped to be disposed into a preformed opening in a reflector of an automotive headlamp. The one-piece bulbshield includes a cup having a defined edge scroll and a pair of legs integrally formed onto the cup, each leg having a flexible, spring engagement foot. A method for manufacturing the one-piece bulbshield from a sheet metal strip using a progressive die press includes the steps of forming a primary outline of the legs and the cup of the bulbshield in the sheet metal strip. The primary outline of the cup of the bulbshield is then drawn. Having drawn the bulbshield, a final outline of the legs is formed into the primary outline of the legs of the bulbshield. The final outline of the legs of the bulbshield is then shaped. The defined edge scroll is then formed into the primary outline of the cup to yield a finished one-piece bulbshield which, in turn, is severed from the remainder of the sheet metal strip.

Abstract: A metal sheet having a pair of thin portions on respective marginal edges thereof which are joined to a remaining portion of the metal sheet via respective corners is centered by positioning the center between the corners as the center of the metal sheet. Then, elements are blanked out of the metal sheet. The elements remain joined to the metal sheet by respective connectors which are formed in the respective thin portions of the metal sheet, the bodies having respective lower edges formed in the respective thin portions of the metal sheet. The elements are separated from the metal sheet by cutting off the connectors along the lower edges of the bodies.

Abstract: An apparatus for machining a web-shaped workpiece includes a workpiece supply for supplying workpiece rolls each of an elongate thin metal sheet, a processing machine for machining the elongate thin metal sheet into caps, a workpiece feeder for feeding the elongate thin metal sheet to the processing machine, and a product feeder for automatically separating the caps from scrap and feeding the caps to a product collecting mechanism. The apparatus is capable of efficiently and quickly producing various products from the elongate thin metal sheet.

Abstract: For producing stamped parts, especially plates, a method is proposed consisting of only two method steps. In a first method step the workpiece is fine blanked (2) inside a device (1) is then moved to a stamping stage (3) by means of transfer tongs (4) which are likewise housed in the device (1). The stamping stage (3) is also located inside the device (1). In a second method step, the inner and outer contours are stamped on the workpiece (5) in the stamping stage (3) in a manner such that the burrs produced on the workpiece (5) during the first step are removed.

Abstract: A bottom for a paper cup is formed by advancing a punch against a paperboard web to push the web against a cutting edge which cuts out a circular cup bottom blank from the web. The punch is kept in a forward state to clamp an outer peripheral portion of the blank immovably against a surface of a sleeve. A reciprocable draw is advanced against a center portion of the blank to push the center portion into a circular opening of the sleeve while maintaining the clamping force, to cause the center portion of the blank to become stretched. The clamping force is then progressively released to permit the outer peripheral portion to enter the opening and become bent to form a lip extending at a substantially right angle. The lip is compressed within a gap formed between the draw and a surface of the opening. Because of the stretching of the blank, pleats formed in the lip are only in the form of micropleats that are flattened in a non-folded over state.

Abstract: A method of forming finished piece-parts having a slight but variably adjusted three-dimensional bow from a continuous web. The method comprises the steps of advancing the web axially of its length by bowing the web in the same direction of desired bowing in the piece-part, laterally and/or axially of the web length, operable to impart set bows in the web slightly in excess of the desired finished piece-parts bowing, passing the bowed continuous web through a conventional stamping press, clamping and substantially flattening the bowed web between flat faces of cooperating die block and stripper plate components of the stamping press and stamping the clamped web between cooperating punch and die assemblies to deform the web to the desired configurations of the finished piece-parts.

Abstract: A die for forming the toothed end of a steering rack bar from a cylindrical blank includes first and second die blocks relatively movable to converge on the blank. The die blocks incorporate opposed generally semicircular recesses to accommodate the blank. One recess incorporates the obverse form of the teeth. The recesses define a main cavity between them, as the die blocks converge to their final closed position. Subsidiary recesses are provided in one or both die blocks at the joint line therebetween, defining chambers at the final closed position. The chambers incorporates stop elements located laterally remote from the main cavity. The stop elements include longitudinally extending abutments on the first die block which overlap respective juxtaposed abutments on the second die block as the final closed position is approached. The stop elements restrict further flow of blank material away from the main cavity, while preventing blank material from flowing between the overlapped juxtaposed abutments.

Abstract: According to the present invention, in a press die unit for performing a plurality of pressing steps on a strip-like plate material, there are provided a pair of stationary dies and a pair of movable dies. In each pair of dies, a plurality of punches and dies are equipped, and at least a part of punches or dies are lowered or lifted in a manner to be used or not used. By combining the positional adjustment of the movable dies and the increase or decrease in the number of the punches and dies for performing the press working process, a plurality of pressing steps for a pressed product are completed with a single pressing die unit even when the length of the pressed product is changed to a various kind.

Abstract: A shape scrap processing apparatus adapted to be situated next to a conveying table for conveying a continuous shape cut in a regular size. The apparatus comprises: conveying means for conveying shape scraps, which are discharged from the conveying table, intermittently by a regular length at a time in a longitudinal direction; pressing means disposed contiguously to the conveying means downstream thereof, and operable while the conveying of the shape scraps is stopped, for pressing the shape scraps into a regular size; cutting means disposed side by side to the pressing means for cutting the shape scraps into a regular size in response to the operation of the pressing means; and discharging means for discharging the cut scraps pressed by the pressing means and cut by the cutting means.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for forming a ball of relatively small diameter from metal wire includes a cutoff bar and a slide mechanism for shearing a length of metal wire from the remainder thereof at a first station to provide a blank with which a ball is subsequently formed and for transporting the blank to a second station and also includes a specially-designed punch assembly for forming the blank into a ball at the second station. The punch assembly includes a main slide body and a blank-engaging plunger assembly slidably mounted on the main slide body for sliding movement therealong wherein the plunger which is biased, by air pressure, from a retracted position to an extended position relative to the main slide body.

Abstract: There is disclosed an apparatus and a method for progressively forming high strength surgical needles from bulk needle stock material. The apparatus generally includes a series of progressive needle processing stations. A first series of needle processing stations removes material from needle stock material to rough form needle blanks attached to a carrier strip while a second series of processing stations refine the rough formed needle blanks attached to the strip into the desired surgical needles. The disclosed method generally includes the steps of gutting needle stock material to rough form needle blanks attached to a carrier strip and progressively coining the rough formed blanks into surgical needles. Finally, there is disclosed a high bend strength surgical needle formed on the disclosed apparatus or by the disclosed method. Preferably, the surgical needle is a surgical incision member having a predetermined radius of curvature and an optimized conical radius at the tips.

Abstract: A method of forming corrugated rings of sheet metal which include the steps of: punching a circular area in the sheet material; punching a plurality of kidney-shaped areas concentrically spaced around the circular hole forming an annular area still connected to the sheet material; deforming the annual area between two mating dies having equal radius radial corrugations therein to corrugate the annual area and concentrically punching the corrugating annular area between a circular punch and a corresponding die, the punch and die having mating cutting surfaces which are corrugated and mate with the corrugated annual area of the sheet thereby forming a circular ring having radial corrugations.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing shutters for computer disks, optical disks and the like, includes forming a rib on a connecting member formed between adjoining shutter blanks during bending and cutting processing. The rib is concave in cross-section and increases a strength of the connecting portion such that stress applied during bending processing, and movement of the rolled steel which is used for manufacturing, does not deform the connecting portion. According to this, processing speed for manufacturing may be increased and further, thinner material may be utilized in forming the shutters. Also, at a later stage of processing, the convex ribs may again be flattened.

Abstract: A process for forming a support frame for a roller guide of the type designed to be mounted on a conventional fishing rod by means of continuously supplying an elongated metallic material strip of predetermined width to a plurality of adjacently positioned and simultaneously operable work stations each of which is defined by punching or stamping facilities such that the strip is moved along a path of travel defined by the work stations in a "stop and go" mode wherein the strip is stopped at each work station for simultaneously forming and shaping at each location to produce a semi-formed roller guide frame and further wherein the last, end most work station completes the shaping on the elongated strip to produce a formed roller guide frame which is simultaneously severed from the remainder of the strip and semi-formed work guides.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a shutter for a cartridge which is accommodating therein a recording medium includes the steps of punching out a plate-shaped metal material so as to provide a shutter of a developed shape having a pair of plate-shaped portions and a coupling portion for coupling the pair of plate-shaped portions, shaping the punched-out member in such a fashion that the pair of plate-shaped portions are opposed to each other across the coupling portion and that a spacing between free end sides of the pair of plate-shaped portions become narrower than a spacing of the pair of plate-shaped portions at its portion coupled by the coupling portion, and shaping the shaped member such that a spacing between free ends of the pair of plate-shaped portions of the member shaped by the second process become substantially equal to a spacing of the pair of plate-shaped portions at its portion coupled by the coupling member.

Abstract: A feeding apparatus for a metal belting has a basic plate being capable of supporting the metal belting, which has a plurality of through-holes in a feeding direction. The basic plate has slit formed in the feeding direction and a plurality of traveling plates are provided beneath and in parallel to the basic plate. The traveling plates are movable in the feeding direction of the metal belting. A driving mechanism for moving the traveling plates in the feeding direction of the metal belting is provided as well as a plurality of feeding pins which are vertically pierced through the traveling plates. Springs bias the feeding pins downward. A plate cam is provided beneath the traveling plates. The plate cam is capable of applying force to upwardly move the feeding pins, against the springs, in a prescribed range.

Abstract: Slide forming tape-automated-bonded leads extending from an integrated circuit chip with a support ring on the leads between the outer periphery of the chip and the outer lead ends. After the leads are formed the support ring remains attached to the vertical portion of the leads opposite the chip. The present invention is well suited for minimizing and footprint on relatively long TAB leads which fan out and require a support ring to maintain proper lead pitch.

Abstract: An insulation displacement terminal having a pair of slotted plates retained in a nest formed by embossments on sidewalls extending past the edges of slotted plates. The sidewalls and the slotted plates are formed orthogonally upward from a common base. Outer ellipsoidal embossments are formed on opposite sides of a cylindrical embossment. The embossments are formed by a shallow drawing process without removal of material from the planar sidewalls. Adjacent edges of the embossments are sheared to form a nest receiving the side edges of the slotted plates.This application is a Divisional of application Ser. No. 07/280,753 filed Dec. 6, 1988, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,948,382, issued Aug. 14, 1990.

Abstract: A thin edge orifice disk is defined as a disk having a thickness to main dimension or diameter ratio of at least 1:80. The manufacturing of an accurately sized orifice in the disk is accomplished by means of a progressive die. One of the stations of the die provides a coining operation on the orifice. Such coining operation is adjustable by means of a micrometer adjustment.

Abstract: A pressing tool including means for cutting a blank from a strip fed longitudinally into the tool. The cutting means comprise a stationary lower punch carried by a press table and a vertically mobile upper die normally located above the punch and intended to be moved in the direction of this punch by the mobile press slide. Means are provided for cutting the end scrap from the strip, these means comprising shears having a stationary blade and a mobile blade, a device for transfer of a cut blank, prestamped blank, or stamped blank, from the station which the blank occupies to the following station, and means to lift each cut blank to the level of the transfer device. The stationary blade is carried by the support of the punch while the mobile blade is carried by the die.

Abstract: Apparatus for the continuous shearing off and cold swaging of metal workpieces, particularly wire material, comprises a device (1') for feeding the material (5), a pivotable shearing device (2), a slide (1) for swaging the sheared-off part, and a die-studded chuck (31). These components are arranged so that they are distributed in the machine frame (11) along the sides of a U. These components can all be driven by a motor (4) via a conventional drive. Feeding of the material (5) in the direction of the chuck (31) takes place with intermittent motion and in synchronism with the movements of the described components of the machine. The production output of finished parts is greatly increased by the chosen arrangement, the intermittent feeding of the material, and the pivotability of the cutter. The slide has a holder (37) for a plurality of tools in sockets (43, 44, 45 or 43', 45').

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a chip carrier having the J-shaped leads extending from the lateral sides of the enclosure of the chip carrier with the end facing the bottom of the enclosure is disclosed. The leads first extending laterally is made to have a circular arc at its end portion by use of a roller and then bent downward by using a die and then a roller, hollowed by being further curled by use of a roller to bring the end therefo to face the bottom of the enclosure.

Abstract: A split ring spring for snap fasteners has a burr extending from each end of the ring spring in a direction parallel to the imaginary central axis of the ring spring. When a stud member is snapped with a socket member in which the split ring spring is incorporated, the burrs do not damage or scar a body of the stud member. The ring spring having such unobjectionable burrs is produced by feeding a length of a strip of resilient material transversely across a mandrel, then severing the length off the strip in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the mandrel while holding the length on the mandrel, and thereafter bending the severed length of strip around the mandrel.

Abstract: A flat, smooth material, e.g., metal sheet, suitable for use as a disc substrate for applying a recording media thereto for data storage devices, and a method of making same, are disclosed. The flat and smooth substrate is formed by applying sufficient pressure to opposite surfaces of the material to achieve the desired flatness and smoothness prior to finishing. Subsequent finishing may be used to remove any zone of roughness which may be present in the surfaces of the disc resulting from the pressing step. In one embodiment, the pressure step may be applied before finishing the disc perimeters.

Abstract: A support spider for a surface heating element is formed from a single piece of sheet material by first cutting a blank defining three legs. Two of the legs extend oppositely along a common longitudinal extent, while the third leg extends parallel to one of the first and second legs and is connected thereto by a web of material forming an integral hinge. The third leg is first folded about the integral hinge so as to be substantially adjacent to, overlying, and coextensive with one of the first and second legs, and the two adjacent legs then spread apart so that a symmetrical three-leg spider is formed.