Abstract: A press comprises a bed affixed to a frame, a slide vertically movably provided above the bed, a lower cushion mounted to the underside of the bed and having chambers, an upper cushion mounted to the slide and having chambers, a pneumatic hydraulic control circuit for a pressure source of each of the cushions, and a control for controlling individually the pressure within the chambers, wherein a complicated workpiece can be formed in one stroke of the slide.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of hot-forging in a forging press a cylindrical powdered metal preform to substantially full theoretical density to thereby produce a powdered metal part having a small inner bore wherein the core rod defining such bore is constructed so as to allow a continuous flow of a highly vaporizable liquid coolant such as nitrogen to the metal forming portion of the core rod and to thermally insulate the incoming coolant to assure its being maintained substantially unvaporized until being expelled to the core rod cooling chamber.

Abstract: A separable die block contains a cavity for shaping a part from a slug of cylindrical malleable metal and a cylindrical injector for injecting the slug of metal into the die block cavity, the injector having an outer sleeve and a coaxial inner pin which are axially moveable with respect to one another for forming an opening or a recess in the part. As a further feature, a moveable plunger in the die block is in communication with the die block cavity for further altering the shape of the formed part, if desired.

Abstract: In a forging die including a lower die with an embossing insert, an upper die and actuating elements displaceable to form with the upper die and the lower die an embossing groove receiving a blank to be forged, a locking member, cooperating with the actuating elements, is provided to lock the latter in a closed position.

Abstract: A closed die forging apparatus has a fixed bottom die, and a top die at the bottom end of a piston rod depending from a top die carrier rigidly mounted to the underside of a ram. The top die carrier has defined therein a hollow in which a piston is received for up and down motion relative to the top die carrier, with the piston having the piston rod extending downwardly therefrom. A fluid chamber over the piston communicates with a parallel connection of low pressure and high pressure accumulator systems for successively storing the energy of the fluid in the fluid chamber which is pressurized as the ram decends further after moving the top die into contact with the bottom die. The apparatus may further comprise at least one side punch which is forced into and out of the die cavity by an actuating lever acted upon by another fluid cushioned piston built into the top die carrier.

Abstract: A penetrator is made in accordance with a method for increasing strength and/or hardness of a metal specimen. Compressive force is applied to the specimen slowly so that the yield strength of the specimen progressively increases and the specimen exhibits squirming instability as its diameter increases. The penetrator is adapted to be fired from a smooth bore weapon.

Abstract: A method of forming an outerrace of a universal joint having cross grooves, in which its cylindrical portion is formed in its inner face with cross grooves by a plastic working process such as a forging process, an outerrace of a universal joint, which has its cylindrical and shaft portions integrally molded into a form having generally an outerrace shape from a single steel material and which is formed by forging thereof from above and all sides, and a process and an apparatus for producing the outerrace.

Abstract: A metal journal forging has a central body portion and four substantially equal legs circular in cross section which are integral with the body portion with the axis of each leg being at substantially a right angle to the axis of each adjacent leg. A curved portion extends between each adjacent pair of legs. The flow lines of the grain structure of the forging in each quadrant formed by the axes of the legs are substantially parallel the contours of the exteriors of the legs and curved arcuate portion in the quadrant. The method for forming a metal cruciform journal forging comprises placing a metal forging billet in a die assembly having a main cavity for the reception of the metal cylinder and a pair of opposed cavities branching off from the main cavity at 90.degree. to the main cavity.

Abstract: A rectangular prism (FIG. 10A) is cut diagonally to form a pair of generally wedge-shaped billets (FIG. 10B). The generally wedge-shaped billets are heated and placed in a transversely elongated die cavity of a lower busting die (20). An upper busting die (22) presses the billet generally into conformity with the busting die cavity. The busting dies include a projection (36) which forms a recess in one planar surface of the billet (FIG. 10C). The busted billet is disposed axially in an axially elongated split ring die cavity (46) of a split ring die (40). A blocking punch (60) presses the billet generally into conformity with the split ring die cavity (FIG. 10D). The split ring die and the blocked billet are moved from a blocking well (14) to a finishing well (16) where a finishing punch (70) presses the blocked billet into conformity with the finishing die cavity (FIG. 10E). The flanges are trimmed from the finished billet and mounting apertures (80, 82) are punched to form an excavator tip (FIG. 10F).

Abstract: A tool, and method, for making the outer member of a constant velocity universal joint of the cross-groove type, the outer member being of hollow form having in its interior two sets of helical grooves of opposite hand. The tool comprises first and second parts 15, 21 mounted for axial movement relative to one another, the parts having portions 23, 17 which can be brought into and out of mutual intercalation by such axial movement, the portions 17 carrying projections 18 which form the grooves of one hand and the portions 23 carrying projections 24 which form the grooves of the other hand.

Abstract: A die package for forming a central disc structure having a plurality of integrally formed appendages extending therefrom includes a cylindrical array of appendage forming, abutting die segments which are prevented from tilting or moving in a circumferential direction by means of pins extending into slots formed along the parting lines between abutting die segments in the upper surfaces of the segments. In one embodiment, the pins extend upwardly from between opposed, parallel, radially and axially extending walls of each slot and fit tightly between said walls. The upper ends of the pins are secured to a rigid annular ring overlying the slots. The slots extend radially inwardly of the pins to allow the die segments to be moved radially outwardly after forging to release the forging from the die package.

Abstract: A process for precision cutting of a hole near the edge of a thin workpiece. Clamping of the workpiece laterally adjacent the hole to minimize deformation of the workpiece is achieved prior to cutting the hole with a cutting punch.

Abstract: A method for increasing strength and/or hardness of a sintered powder metal specimen containing tungsten by cold working is disclosed. Compressive force is applied to the specimen slowly so that the yield strength of the specimen progressively increases and the specimen exhibits squirming instability as its diameter increases.

Abstract: A method for making by a deep drawing process a thin-walled bearing bushing comprising a cylindrical sleeve section and a bottom section closing one end of the sleeve section having an outer peripheral rim at the juncture of the sleeve and bottom sections of small cross sectional radius including the step of forming an annular groove which is deep relative to the normal thickness of the bottom section and has a sharp profile in one face of the bottom section adjacent the juncture of the sleeve and bottom section, the groove being impressed axially to effect radial displacement of the material outward into the area of the peripheral rim.

Abstract: A forging press for producing flashless forgings from metal billets or pre-forms has a die-head (26) slidably mounted in a press-head (10) whereby it may retract into the press-head if a predetermined pressure on the die-head is reached or exceeded during the forging stroke. The die-head (26) is slidably mounted in a bore (30) containing hydraulic fluid and connected via conduits (38) and pressure relief valves (40) to a hydraulic reservoir (32). A die cavity for the billet or pre-form is defined between relatively movable die halves (16) and (18).

Abstract: A blank section of a steel rod is heated and then successively impacted between hot forging dies to form a preform or rough forging ball joint socket having a tubular socket portion and a laterally projecting mounting flange portion. The rough forging is then inserted into a die set assembly including an upper die member surrounding a relatively movable punch and a lower die member surrounding a relatively movable ejector member. The upper die member is supported by a piston of a hydraulic cylinder which moves with the punch, and the upper and lower die members cooperate to produce the desired precision external configuration of the socket and flange portions. After the die members are closed, the punch cooperates with the ejector member to form the desired precision internal configuration of the tubular socket portion.

Abstract: A method for increasing strength and/or hardness of a preshaped metal specimen by cold working is disclosed. Compressive force is applied to the specimen slowly so that the yield strength of the specimen progressively increases and the specimen exhibits squirming instability as its diameter increases.

Abstract: A method of mechanically processing the cylindrical surface of a part having a cylindrical portion. The cylindrical portion is beforehand provided with a supporting portion at its one end, for producing and imparting a tension to the surface to be processed. An axial relative movement is caused between a punch fitted in the cylindrical portion and a die fitted around the same, so that a plastic deformation is caused on the cylindrical surface to form grooves or teeth in the cylindrical surface, while applying a tension to the material of the cylindrical portion presenting the cylindrical surface.

Abstract: A method for making a bearing bushing for the support of the trunnion in universal joints comprising a cylindrical sleeve section, a bottom section at one axial end of the cylindrical sleeve section, the peripheral edge joining the sleeve section and bottom section being of small cross-sectional radius, consisting of the steps of shaping a blank to form the sleeve section and bottom section which uniformly extends axially inwardly to a central tip and thereafter flattening from the inside at least in the area of the central tip of the bottom section while supporting the bottom section and corresponding forging the outside surfaces of the bottom section in the area of the peripheral edge between the surface of the sleeve section and outside surface of the bottom section.

Abstract: A method for making replacement grouser bars particularly contoured to fit rock worn grouser shoes from blanks cut from inexpensive sheet metal. The blank has a straight lower edge and a curved upper edge such that the bar is thicker at the ends than in the middle. The straight lower edge is easily double beveled and the blank is reverse forged to obtain a finished grouser bar having a straight upper edge and a curved lower edge, the bar still being thicker at the ends than in the middle.

Abstract: A method of forging track tractor rollers, which comprises busting of a billet to a preformed coned end and placing a split ring around the coned end of the busted and preformed billet, and inserting the same in a blocking die to form flanges by blocking against the split ring and removing the split ring and billet. When placed in a finishing die, the hollow of the roller is preformed by a displacement method which forces the metal into the flanges against the split ring.

Abstract: An improved apparatus and a method are disclosed for extruding an improved type of small part of the type having a body portion (12) of extrudable material and a fixture (18, 20; 54, 56) of harder material captured at the surface of the body. A female die element (22, 24) is provided with a bore (26) which extends into a downwardly opening cavity (28) having a geometry corresponding to the desired geometry of the body portion of the part. A male die member (36) is positioned within the bore and includes at its lower end a threaded socket (50) or protrusion (52) for holding the fixture of harder material during extrusion. Thus, when a billet of extrudable material (48) is placed in the cavity and the male die member is moved downward, the material extrudes around a portion of the fixture held at the lower end of the male die element.

Abstract: A method of forging track tractor rollers and other multi-flanged rollers, which comprises busting of a billet to a preformed coned end and placing a split ring around the coned end of the busted and preformed billet, and inserting the same in a stepped blocking die to form flanges by blocking against the split ring and the stepped die for one flange and between the top die on the other flange and removing the split ring and billet. When placed in a finishing die, the hollow of the roller is formed by a displacement method which forces the metal into the flanges against the split ring.

Abstract: A die for forging a part with internal, tapered grooves, for instance, such as a socket with a plurality of inner races used for a joint. The blank is formed into a given shape by a cylindrical projection provided in the upper die so as to compress the outer peripheral surface thereof, in cooperation with the liner-grooving dies, when the upper die is lowered. After the forging step, the locking pin inserted in the lower die is lowered so as to move the liner-grooving die toward the stamping axis so that the forged workpiece can be removed from the lower die easily and next ejected by the ejector pin.

Abstract: In the formation of engagement grooves in the shank of a tool for use in a hammer drill or chipping hammer, a matrix or die is divided along a junction plane into two matrix halves. A bore for holding the tool to be punched is formed along the junction plane so that the plane divides the bore in half in its axial direction. Guide openings are formed in the opposite sides of the matrix extending into the bore for receiving punching dies. The matrix halves combine to form these guide openings which are located in the junction plane so that the punching pressure is applied in this plane. The closing pressure for holding the matrix halves together is applied at right angles to the junction plane.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a hollow spark plug body having a cylindrical central portion (28), a first end portion (10) of smaller circular radial cross-section and a second end portion of non-circular radial cross-section, e.g. hexagonal, and of smaller maximum diameter than the central portion by cold extruding the both end portions. The second end portion is extruded in two stages, the first involving the formation of a recess in one end of a cylindrical blank, the second involving extrusion the blank between a die (19) and a mandrel (21) which moves with the blank during extrusion.

Abstract: A tulip-shaped metal part such as a yoke component of a tri-port type constant velocity universal joint is manufactured by single-stage closed chamber extrusion of a solid cylindrical metal rod. The metal rod is inserted into two opposingly engaged dies to protrude into a space defined in the dies and is axially pressed against an impressed surface to cause gradual and continuous cleavage of the rod into three branched portions, which are forced into three chambers arranged and shaped like three petal-like arms of the desired tulip-shaped metal part. The branched portions of the metal material are extruded within the three chambers in directions parallel to the direction of the pressing force exerted on the metal rod, with continued application of a back pressure in opposition to the extruded portions of the metal material to shape the ends of the petal-like arms during the extrusion process.

Abstract: In a hydraulic forging press having one or a plurality of press rams actuated reciprocatively through working oil by reciprocating motion of pump ram given by mechanical driving means, a closed forging press being provided with one or a plurality of punch rams disposed in a position to communize said working oil with said press ram and perform double action with said press ram, and actuated through said working oil by reciprocating motion of said pump ram.

Abstract: A half of a constant-velocity ball-type universal joint is made by substantially confining a workpiece blank in a cavity between a pair of forging dies without substantial deformation of the blank. Then a plurality of race-forming tools are introduced into the cavity through guides in the dies and these tools are blocked in place therein. The blank is then forged against the tools and against the cavity to impart to it the shape of the cavity and of the tools. Then the tools are withdrawn from the cavity and the dies are separated so that the forged workpiece can be removed from it.

Abstract: For manufacturing a crank arm for a welded crankshaft a flat blank is gripped along its contour in a ring-shaped holder and is subjected to pressing forces acting perpendicular to the plane of the blank to produce, by extrusion, a crank pin stub and a journal pin stub projecting from opposite sides of the blank, respectively. Each stub can be extruded in two stages, the first of which results in a by and large axial material flow while the second stage produces a combined axial and radial expansion of the first formed stub to circular cylindrical shape. Simultaneously with the first extrusion a fillet merging smoothly into the stub is pressed into that lateral surface of the blank from which the stub is extruded. The fillet may extend continuously around the stub or alternatively it may be indented only along that part of the stub surface which is oriented towards the other stub.

Abstract: A planar blank material to be press-formed is confined in a space formed by punch means having peripheral flange part provided with gear teeth corresponding to those of the hollow product, a mandrel provided slidably in the central hole of said punch means and having outer diameter corresponding to the inner diameter of the hollow product, and a die means having bottom surface and through hole having inner contour corresponding to the outer contour of the boss part of the product. By the pressing action, the peripheral flange part having teeth of the product is formed and simultaneously boss part of the product is formed whereby the synchronizer ring product is formed by one step and the blank material corresponding to the through hole of the product and the product are both ejected out by returning the punch means, mandrel, and die means.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for making a metal annular member of precise tolerances and desired surface finish. An external die has a continuous die surface of the configuration desired for the external surface of the metal annular member and an annular ridge surrounding the inside of the die for seating one end of an annular sheet metal blank. A first punch engages the sheet metal blank and drives it into the external die so as to reduce the external diameter of the blank and seat it against the ridge. The precise tolerance of the die surface of the external die determines both the external and at least a portion of the internal dimensions produced in the annular sheet metal blank. The first punch is axially movable to an endmost position wherein substantially all of the blank has been forced into the die. An ejector punch is positioned inside of the external die and operates to provide a portion of the forming die surfaces as well as to eject the completed workpiece.

Abstract: A method of forging track tractor rollers, which comprises busting of a billet to a preformed coned end and placing a split ring around the coned end of the busted and preformed billet, and inserting the same in a blocking die to form flanges by blocking against the split ring and removing the split ring and billet. When placed in a finishing die, the hollow of the roller is preformed by a displacement method which forces the metal into the flanges against the split ring.

Abstract: The disclosed method features an automatic high production cold working process of forming socket wrenches from coiled alloy steel wire stock. The wire is cut to length, its ends are squared to form a workpiece blank which is then located in a die station and a recess of circular cross-section is cold formed at one end of the workpiece by impacting a round punch into the workpiece which thereafter is transferred to and inserted into a downstream die in a longitudinally reversed orientation whereupon a second punch forms a square socket on an end of the workpiece opposite the end wherein the circular recess is formed. Additional steps of the process include extruding an end of the workpiece surrounding the circular recess to reduce its outside diameter, broaching a hex socket into the necked-down end of the workpiece and piercing an axial through-hole between sockets at opposite ends of the workpiece.

Abstract: Metal parts having yokes with two or more body portions, used for example for universal joints for automobiles, are manufactured by pressing a solid metal rod material from one end into a chamber formed by two opposing dies, the other end of the rod being urged against an impression formed in one of the dies to divide the rod material into two or more body portions, and extruding the divided body portions into cavities in the one die extending parallel to the pressing direction.

Abstract: A method for making a centrosymmetrical spider of a universal joint by extrusion molding involves pressing both end faces of a cylindrical blank the same distance towards the center of the blank to force the blank material radially outwards from the center of the cylindrical blank in a stream which is symmetrical relative to the two end faces and into a cavity of a split mold.Also disclosed is a molding apparatus for practicing the method. The apparatus includes a floating mold. One end of the apparatus can be rigidly fixed to a press for operating the punches which provide the extrusion pressure.

Abstract: The present invention provides a technique for improving the dimensional accuracy of forged components. Uniformity of like component details is sought and a specific object is to provide a die package for forming closely toleranced appendages integrally with a central disk structure from which the appendages extend.In one effective embodiment incorporating concepts of the present invention, the forging dies include a stationary die 26 and a moveable die 28 which are mounted on a common axis and a plurality of arcuate die segments 30 which are adjacently placed in cylindrical array about the stationary and moveable dies. The arcuate die segments form cavities of the inverse geometry of the appendages to be formed and are interlocked to prevent tilting of the segments in the die package. A collar 40 extends from the stationary die to interlocking engagement with a channel 46 in the inwardly facing surface of each arcuate die segment.

Abstract: The method consists in flanging the wall of a thick-walled shell around a hole made in said wall in adavance until a branch pipe is produced, in calibrating said shell on the inside surface adjoining the branch pipe, and simultaneous straightening of the thick-walled shell on its outside surface in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the branch pipe from the side opposite to the location of said branch pipe.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for making a metal annular member of precise tolerances and desired surface finish. An external die has a continuous die surface of the configuration desired for the external surface of the metal annular member and an annular ridge surrounding the inside of the die for seating one end of an annular sheet metal blank. A first punch engages the sheet metal blank and drives it into the external die so as to reduce the external diameter of the blank and seat it against the ridge. The precise tolerance of the die surface of the external die determines both the external and at least a portion of the internal dimensions produced in the annular sheet metal blank. The first punch is axially movable to an endmost position wherein substantially all of the blank has been forced into the die. An ejector punch is positioned inside of the external die and operates to provide a portion of the forming die surfaces as well as to eject the completed workpiece.

Abstract: The invention relates to the cold extrusion of a part having a polygonal interior and a cylindrical exterior. Instead of the usual process of forcing a polygonal punch into a billet in a single extrusion step, the new method employs a plurality of extrusion steps, first forming a lobed preparatory blank and then in a second extrusion step providing a punch and die combination whereby the external lobes of the intermediate part are forced radially inwardly. In the second extrusion step a polygonal punch is used to provide the proper polygonal interior surface. A cooperating die is provided with an upper lobed cavity for receiving the lobed preparatory blank and this die is oriented with respect to the polygonal punch so that the interior lobes of the die are exactly opposite the flats of the polygonal punch.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for extruding burr holes in a metal sheet, in which a punch with a conical end portion and adjoining cylindrical portion of a diameter greater than the inner burr diameter is passed through the burr. The conical end portion has a half apex angle between 10.degree. and 20.degree., and the axial length of the cylindrical portion and the coefficient of friction between the cylindrical portion and the burr wall are selected according to a specified relationship.

Abstract: A forging press having a mechanical load transfer mechanism in the form of a motion and force multiplying lever arrangement and linkage between a press load beam and the press ram so that forces applied to the load beam through the tooling from the ram are transferred to the ram to aid the ram in its downward forging movement. A suitable lost motion linkage is provided which permits the ram to move away from the load beam after the load beam has stopped in its upstroke position to effect the removal of a formed article.

Abstract: Apparatus for manufacturing commutators, especially for small electric motors. Commutator segments are separately inserted into a mold intermediary plate. The segments are inelastically deformed by a coaxially inserted tool before the molding process. The formation of webs of the injected plastic body material between commutator segments is avoided.

Abstract: A metallic container having an outwardly flexible bottom wall adapted to flex to an outwardly generally convex position under pressure from within the container is provided with integral tripod-type support structure for the container in the bottom wall comprising an inwardly concave center portion of compound curvature having a generally equilateral triangular shaped bottom wall area extending generally radially outwardly therefrom and providing three equilaterally spaced support areas in the outwardly flexed convex position.

Abstract: A far less expensive process of manufacturing heavy-duty welding necks, nozzles, and similar connector elements comprising cylindrical bodies with a radial flange at one end, is provided through the utilization of a centered metal-displacement disc which contacts a radially flanged heated billet after the forging operation and forces the metal under the centered disc and interiorly of the radially-flanged portion into the die cavity and around a rounded centrally disposed supporting member which initially is in contact with the underside of the work-piece. This forward displacement action is continued until the advance portion of the work-piece contacts a circular forging knife which is carried on the interior of the female forging die member.

Abstract: A pipe stub is formed in a wall of great thickness by first machining an aperture in the wall and then deforming the material of the wall surrounding the aperture to form the pipe stub, the deformation being carried out after heating the material and using a punch and anvil which are shaped to produce a progressive deformation of the material.

Abstract: Moulded parts are produced by preliminarily making a bend in the moulding zone of a part blank, whose radius is less than a given radius of a part to be produced. The prepared blank is placed in a die and pressure is exerted only on the end edges of the blank along the generant of the bending section. With this method parts can be produced whose walls are as thick as the material of the original blank and this improves the reliability and strength of parts produced with a resultant reduction in the overall weight of these parts. In addition, complex overall shapes of parts without distortion can be produced by applying the above method.

Abstract: A press with crossheads interconnected by vertical pillars, at least one of said crossheads moving relative to the stationary crosshead which carries a sliding table with the lower die, the upper die being secured to the movable crosshead above. The stationary crosshead accommodates a rod and the drive of a pulling device connected with an auxiliary crosshead below, said auxiliary crosshead having vertical spindles with stops which interact with the adjacent movable crosshead at the beginning of radial compression of the tubular billet.

Abstract: A punch and die assembly for use in the production of heat exchanger fins comprising: a fixed lower tool holder including an ironing punch having the same dimension as a predetermined flanged aperture, and a movable upper tool holder having a die matching said ironing punch, wherein said punch can always be held concentrically to the die without requiring any particular adjustment and whereby uniform products can be continuously obtained.

Abstract: A metallic container having an outwardly flexible bottom wall adapted to flex to an outwardly generally convex position under pressure from within the container is provided with integral tripod-type support structure for the container in the bottom wall comprising an inwardly concave center portion of compound curvature having a generally equilateral triangular shaped bottom wall area extending generally radially outwardly therefrom and providing three equilaterally spaced support areas in the outwardly flexed convex position.