Abstract: A fluid-structure coupled numerical simulation method is provided. The method uses a finite volume method employing an orthogonal mesh and a computer and memory setting a solid area based on a solid rate inside a mesh and at a tangent position to each mesh, including the steps of: setting initial and boundary conditions of a moving film structure; setting a velocity boundary in the tangent direction of the film structure by computing a position and shape thereof; and computing a curvature thereof. The method further includes the step of computing a pressure balance based on a balance between a pressure obtained from a fluid computation and a repulsive force obtained from the tension and curvature of the film structure to implement processing of a mutually-coupled phenomenon. A shift amount of the film surface for each time of said computing steps is simulated using the same program.

Abstract: A plurality of test chambers or fixtures are operable for successively testing a plurality of condoms, respectively, in an automated manner. Each test chamber for testing a condom includes a housing containing a porous liner having an interior cavity conformed to the exterior shape of a condom to be tested, whereby a holder carrying the condom is inserted into the liner, a closed pathway for gas flow is provided between a gas port of the holder and the interior volume of the condom, for permitting the condom to be inflated with the gas, causing the exterior walls of the condom to be pushed against opposing inside walls of the liner, permitting gas passing through holes in the condom to flow through pores in walls of the liner to another gas port of the housing for detecting unacceptable holes in the condom using differential pressure techniques and/or gas tagging.

Abstract: A leak detection system determines whether a container has a leak or an aperture by attempting to draw a vacuum in the container and determining whether a vacuum has been created in the container. If a vacuum can be created in a container, this indicates that the container has a leak. Conversely if a vacuum cannot be created in the container, this indicates that the container does not have a leak.The leak detection system preferably includes a conveyor system for moving a container and a sensor for sensing the pressure in the interior of the container through an opening in the top of the container. While the sensor is sensing the pressure in the interior of the container, a vacuum pump pulls air from the region around the exterior of the container. If the container has an aperture, a vacuum will be created in the container and will be noted by the sensor.

Abstract: A sound comparison device for a drum that has a body that includes a bottom with a periphery. The periphery of the bottom of the body is in contact with the surface of a drum head. A drum head tension measurement element includes a tip which protrudes from the bottom of the body. A spring biases the tip to press against and sink into the drum head to a distance determined by the tension on the drum head. A display is connected with the measurement element for causing the display to display a numerical value Y which corresponds to distance X of the protrusion of the measurement element. The values X and Y are coordinated so that the display displays the value Y=K/X1/2, where K is a constant.

Abstract: A simple and mechanically-rugged calculation or monitoring of the density of fluids, particularly of fuels serving the purpose of driving an internal-combustion engine, provides that a buoyant member is immersed into the fluid under examination, the buoyancy thereof being balanced out via a load applied with a spring. A capacitor that is dependent on the buoyancy and, therefore, on the density of the fluid under examination is formed between the buoyant member and the housing that holds the spring and is filled with the fluid under examination, the capacitor being monitored via a circuit arrangement.

Abstract: An apparatus for checking the workability of a float assembly used to determine the level of liquid in a vessel is disclosed and comprises: a float extension associated with the float of the float assembly and movable when the float assembly is in working order in response to the movement of the float caused by changing the level of liquid in the vessel; a sensor located in spaced relation to the float extension and acting to provide a signal when the float extension is in a predetermined position; and a checking system capable of being activated to move the foat extension into the predetermined position without regard to the level of liquid in the vessel when the float assembly is workable.

Abstract: A process for the continuous measurement of the density of a liquid by means of an aerometer body swimming in the liquid is characterized by the feature that the liquid is allowed to flow periodically at an increased flow rate past the aerometer body in order to clean the same of foreign matter, gas bubbles or the like disturbing the measuring, with the measuring procedure being interrupted during this cleaning period. In an apparatus for performing this process, an aerometer body is surrounded in a measuring vessel by a partition wall at a small distance therefrom, and line is provided, through which liquid to be measured may be introduced at a relatively high flow rate into the space between the aerometer body and the partition wall in order to periodically clean the aerometer body.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for pressure testing containers in peripheral cells in a rotating turret is disclosed in which high pressure air in tested containers is initially discharged into a low pressure reservoir down to a predetermined low pressure and the residual air at the low pressure then discharged to the atmosphere with little sound generation. Incoming containers to the testing apparatus are initially supplied with pressurized air at a low pressure from the low pressure air reservoir and then supplied with pressurized air from a high pressure air supply, preferably a high pressure air reservoir, to achieve the desired test pressure. The low pressure reservoir and the high pressure reservoir are incorporated in the rotating turret structure and are in communication with a closure cap for each cell by distribution means including a double-acting valve during selected portions of rotation of the turret.

Abstract: In the case of an apparatus for ascertaining and keeping constant the concentration of alcohol in the plate dampening fluid used in an offset litho press, having a float vessel with an inlet and an overflow such that the float controls the supply of alcohol in accordance with its level relative to the fluid, a high degree of accuracy and a simple possibility of displaying and storing the concentration data is made possible by having a marker mounted on the float and having a vertical scale of zones marked thereon which may be sensed without mechanical contact by a sensing device at a fixed height. Furthermore the sensing device has a control signal output connected with a controller which is furthermore acted upon by a set point signal and has at least one output signal connection for controlling a valve regulating the supply of alcohol to said fluid.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for testing can ends for leakage. The apparatus includes a series of stations, including an entry station, one or more punishment stations, a testing station and an output station, means for transporting can ends from station to station within the apparatus and means responsive to a detection of a defective end for either alerting an operator to the situation and/or stopping the can end forming equipment until corrective action has been taken.

Abstract: A method for high speed leak test for a metallic cover with a pull tab. When one wants to test whether a metallic cover with an opening-defining score line and a pull tab for breaking off a part of the cover defined by the score line has a leak, the cover is put in a closed chamber. The closed chamber is divided into an upper closed portion in which the tab is present and a lower closed portion in which the tab is absent, thereby making the cover the boundary. Pressurized air is then injected into the upper closed portion to test whether the cover has a leak by measuring the change in the air pressure within the lower closed portion.

Abstract: A method and device for the electropneumatic testing of the air permeability of filter plugs for filter cigarettes. At one end of the filter plug there is applied a pneumatic pressure, the other end of the filter cigarette being connected, through a bore with the atmosphere. The pneumatic pressure applied at the inlet end of the cigarette plug is transformed into an electric test signal, and the signal is compared with an upper alarm threshold and with a higher upper reject threshold respectively, as well as with a lower alarm threshold and an inferior lower reject threshold. The test signal emitted upon reaching of the upper or lower alarm threshold initiates the operation of alarm indicators and/or sends a signal for the control of the filter plug producing machine, so as to modify the air permeability of the filter plugs. Upon reaching the upper or lower reject threshold, it causes rejection of the defective filter plugs.

Abstract: A carriage having dual spindles reciprocates with continuously moving plastic containers. The first spindle pressurizes a container to blow out any dents in the plastic container. The second spindle inspects the container for detection of defects which would cause the container to be a leaker.

Abstract: A leakage analyzer method and apparatus for detecting faults in hollow structures such as polypropylene tubing and the like. The apparatus includes a hollow elongated test chamber through which the tubing is passed. At the outlet end of the chamber, a rear stop member prevents the tubing from passing completely through the test chamber as it is being fed thereto. When the trailing edge of the tubing passes a predetermined point, a rear stop member positions the structure in said chamber so that clamping means positioned at both the front and rear of the test chamber can be energized to clamp about the tubing and at the same time seal the respective ends of the test chamber. Plug members are positioned in the respective ends of the tubing and are expanded to seal the ends of the structure. A fluid such as air is introduced into the chamber and about the outside periphery of the tubing until the pressure in the chamber reaches a predetermined level.

Abstract: Pneumatic test signals are generated indicative of the extent to which seal imperfections are present in the wrappers of rod-shaped articles, and the pneumatic test signals are converted into electrical test signals. A pneumatic comparison signal is generated and converted into an electrical comparison signal. Signals dependent upon the difference between the electrical comparison and test signals are derived from the electrical comparison and test signals. The determination of whether the wrappers are defective or non-defective includes comparing the derived signals against a reference value.

Abstract: Containers, such as batteries, battery cases and the like, are moved along a first conveyor to a leak testing station, above which is located an assembly having means matable over the openings in the top of the container. The container is supplied with air at a given pressure, and metering means notes pressure change. If the container does not leak, the container advances from the testing station along the conveyor. If a leak is detected, a reject means ejects the container transversely from the testing station along a second conveyor, thereby isolating leaky containers for further processing.

Abstract: Apparatus for pressure testing frangible containers includes a carriage quided for horizontal reciprocation while supporting and guiding a pressure conduit mounted for vertical reciprocation. A pair of jaws are provided for embracing and supporting a container from above as the container is hydrostatically subjected to internal pressure.

Abstract: A device for measuring the density of liquids. A float provided with a piece of soft iron on one side and with a permanent magnet on the other side is movably disposed in a housing through which a liquid may flow. The soft iron is surrounded by a differential winding, and the permanent magnet is surrounded by two windings with opposing fluxes and having substantially the same numbers of ampere-turns. An output lead from the differential winding is connected to the windings surrounding the permanent magnet over an amplifier. A measuring instrument connected between the amplifier and the windings surrounding the permanent magnet provides an indication of the density of the liquid flowing through said housing.

Abstract: A first signal is generated indicative of the gas permeability of the wrapper of the article being tested. A second signal is generated indicative of the porosity of the material of the wrappers of the articles being tested. The first and second signals are processed to form for each article a third signal indicative, to an extent greater than the respective first signal, of the component of the gas permeability of the article not attributable to the porosity of the material of the wrapper. The third signal is compared to a reference signal to determine whether the wrapper of the tested article is defective. The aforementioned second signal is generated by averaging out the gas permeabilities of the wrappers of a number of such articles.

Abstract: Improved apparatus for testing end closures for leakage, of the type which includes a test chamber formed by a vertically reciprocable upper chambered member and a fixed lower chambered member having seating means for seating the end closure in registered position thereon, the improvement in the upper chambered member comprising end closure movement preventing means for contacting the end closure to prevent its premature movement and loss of registration from its registered seated position during vertical movement of the upper chambered member.

Abstract: A system for accurately controlling the density of liquids in a processing system employing a chamber having a finned hydrometer with control activation mechanism floating in a reservoir of continuous sample solution, and having a plurality of chambers so constructed so as to create a liquid stream feeding the zone containing the hydrometer and imparting rotational motion thereto. The height of the hydrometer is sensed as measuring the density of the liquid sample. Appropriate corrections are made to the processing system.

Abstract: The machine comprises a rotary table supporting similar working stations. Each station supports a reference heat exchanger and a heat exchanger to be tested. The operations related to a simultaneous supply of compressed gas in the two exchangers, isolation of said exhangers, control of their residual pressure, etc... are controlled during a complete rotation of the table from fixed annular segments placed concentrically to the table and read by brushes supported by bars related to each working station.

Abstract: Cigarettes or like rod-shaped articles are conveyed sideways in equidistant flutes of a rotary drum at a speed of at least one thousand articles per minute and along an ejecting station having a width which substantially exceeds and can be a multiple of the distance between a pair of neighboring flutes. Selected articles are ejected from their flutes in response to electric or pneumatic signals by being subjected to the action of a mechanical force and/or to the action of a force produced by a stream of gaseous fluid whereby the point of application of the force moves with the flute which contains the respective selected article while such flute travels through the ejecting station. The articles can be held in their flutes by suction or by mechanical means, and the suction or the mechanical retaining action is terminated when a selected article reaches the ejecting station so that the selected articles are separated under the action of gravity and/or under the action of centrifugal force.