Abstract: A sample draining apparatus includes a hydraulic circuit having a sampler vessel and a drain vessel disposed therein. A first pump is located outside the hydraulic circuit and pumps fluid from a fluid source outside the hydraulic circuit into the hydraulic circuit to pressurize the circuit. A second pump is disposed in the hydraulic circuit for circulating fluid in the hydraulic circuit so that a fluid sample flows from the sampler vessel into the drain vessel while the sample is maintained within the closed hydraulic circuit.

Abstract: A system and protocol for the environmental assessment of residential properties and the like. The system includes a standard tool kit and standard equipment to be used by the inspector in inspecting and sampling suspected contaminants in the property. The inspector follows a precise protocol (step-by-step procedure) and also uses especially designed forms to record the inspection, the location of the suspected areas of contaminants, the type and number of samples of suspected contaminants taken, the readings taken of contaminant levels and the time at which the sampling and readings were taken. In addition, a specific checklist and reporting form is used to record the results of the inspection of the exterior of the building for the presence of suspected contaminants.

Abstract: A dual function probe for measuring blade path temperature and for extracting exhaust flow gases from a combustion turbine comprises an elongate tubular member having an open end and a sealed end. An elongate thermocouple element is centrally disposed within the tubular member to provide a thermocouple function. At least a portion of the tubular member is adapted for insertion through the exhaust cylinder and diffuser of the combustion turbine and into the flow path of the turbine exhaust gases. An on-off valve is coupled to the tubular member proximate the sealed end thereof to allow exhaust flow gases that enter the open end of the tubular member to be extracted from the tubular member for analysis.

Abstract: A method for determining the concentration of a monitored gas in the head space of a confined space containing a medium material at a given temperature (T.sub.1), includes the steps of: (a) providing an extracting apparatus having a chamber for receiving a sample volume of the material to be extracted from the confined space; (b) controlling the temperature of the chamber such that the temperature of the chamber is maintained at the given temperature (T.sub.

Abstract: A test strip for measuring film build on a plastic piece includes a desired length of tape having an adhesive coating on an inner surface and a window. A paint strip of sufficient area to cover the window is secured to the tape by the adhesive. A backing formed from material easily peeled from the adhesive is removed when the tape is mounted on a piece prior to painting. After painting, the test strip is peeled away from the piece so that the paint strip can be separated from the tape, analyzed and stored.

Abstract: A semiconductor test fixture is described for sampling thin films on the surface of a semiconductor wafer in the process of manufacturing integrated circuits thereon. A first plate is provided for supporting the wafer. At least one test fluid reservoir, and usually three reservoirs having a projecting collar or flange around one end thereof an an O-ring under the collar. A second late having at least one opening therein for allowing the major portion of the at least one test fluid reservoir to pass through and with the collar of the reservoir supporting the second plate. A hand screw is associated with the first and second plates for tightening second plate against the collar of the reservoir and, in turn the O-ring of the collar against the wafer which is supported upon the first plate so as to allow a fluid to be contained in the reservoir without leakage.

Abstract: A lowerable-raisable ground water sampling device has an annular elastomeric seal for preventing the exchange of atmospheric gases with the ground water within a well casing. In its preferred form, the seal is a frusto-conical elastomeric disk mounted on the lower end of a water-extraction tube depending from the lower end of a water sampling unit. A fluid-actuator cylinder is floatable positioned on the tube for moving an annular wall structure downwardly against the disk upper surface, thus to decrease the cone angle of the frusto-conical surface to cause the outer edge of the disk to move out of sealing engagement with the well casing surface. When the fluid cylinder is depressurized, the frusto-conical disk automatically expands to seal against the well casing surface.

Abstract: A sample draining apparatus includes a hydraulic circuit having a sampler vessel and a drain vessel disposed therein. A first pump is located outside the hydraulic circuit and pumps fluid from a fluid source outside the hydraulic circuit into the hydraulic circuit to pressurize the circuit. A second pump is disposed in the hydraulic circuit for circulating fluid in the hydraulic circuit so that a fluid sample flows from the sampler vessel into the drain vessel while the sample is maintained within the closed hydraulic circuit.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the transfer out of a tight enclosure of a fluid solution contained in a polluted container (R1). The transfer is accomplished without removing the polluted container from the enclosure and without breaking the seal of the polluted container. After a clean container (R2) is placed in a receptacle (30) normally isolated from the remainder of the enclosure, the solution is transferred into the clean container (R2) vacuum by a needle. Transfer of the clean container out of the enclosure takes place pneumatically following rotation of a casing containing the receptacle.

Abstract: Apparatus for quickly taking and filtering liquid taken from a body of liquid comprises a bailer for taking and containing a sample of the liquid therein. The bailer has an upper end portion adapted for quickly disconnecting and connecting a liquid pressurizing device including a hand operated fluid pump or regulated tank of compressed gas. A lower end portion of the bailer is provided with a ball or poppet check valve controlling the flow of liquid to and from the bailer by way of an internal opening adapted for quickly connecting and disconnecting a filtering unit to and from the bailer. The filtering unit has a disposable filter element inside of a housing attached to an upper adapter with a liquid passage therein quickly inserted into sealing engagement with the internal opening of the bailer and which opens the ball check valve. A lower end of the filter housing is connected by another adapter into which a flow control valve is quickly connected to and disconnectable from.

Abstract: Protein analysis apparatus has porous sample supports enclosed in holes in a sample slide. Slides are delivered to hydrolysis and derivatizer stations by a rotating turret such that moveable heads at the stations form closed reaction chambers with the slides, sealing around the holes in the slides and enclosing the sample supports. Tubings connected to the heads deliver substances for reaction, derivatization and cleaning. Protein samples applied to sample supports at one position on the turret are delivered sequentially to hydrolysis and derivatizer stations, and operations are computer controlled. Derivatives are automatically delivered for chromatographic analysis, and supports are automatically cleaned with solvents and purge gas after derivatization and before return to a sample load position. Closed reaction chambers formed by the moveable heads can be heated and pressurized as required for processing.

Abstract: A closed loop system is provided for by-passing, from a duct, a small fluid-entrained stream of particulates or solids; separating the stream into a particulate fraction and a fluid stream that essentially is free of the particulates; returning such fluid stream to the duct downstream from the by-pass; analyzing the particulate fraction; and dispersing particulates, after analysis, into the fluid stream being returned to the duct. To analyze particulates such as cotton lint, the separated lint is formed into a batt, the batt is passed in contact with a wall having an analyzer operatively associated therewith; a segment of the batt is compressed against the wall adjacent the analyzer by placing a weighted object against the segment; analysis is carried out on the compressed segment after which the object is lifted off the segment to permit the segment to be displaced with another segment of the batt; and the compression, analyzing, and lifting steps are repeated on the second segment.

Abstract: This invention concerns a method and an apparatus for auditing the means used for extracting an aliquot of a bulk material from its mass for measurement of one or more characteristics of said bulk material, especially during handling or processing, and involves concurrently measuring one or more variables which affect the accuracy or the reliability of said means used for making the extraction to produce an aliquot with the same characteristics as the mass from which the extraction was made.

Abstract: This invention concerns a method and an apparatus for auditing the means used for extracting an aliquot of a bulk material from its mass for measurement of one or more characteristics of said bulk material, especially during handling or processing, and involves concurrently measuring one or more variables which affect the accuracy or the reliablity of said means used for making the extraction to produce an aliquot with the same characteristics as the mass from which the extraction was made.

Abstract: A device for recoring soil samples composed of a device for advancing a soil sample, a soil sample assembly, a cutting tube and a chamber for receiving the soil sample as it exits the cutting tube. The cutting tube has a diameter which is smaller than that of the original soil sample which is to be recored.

Abstract: To remove a densely packed insulation sample from a coring bit, a sample removal tool is provided. The sample removal tool holds the coring bit in axial alignment with a plunger rod. The plunger rod moves axially toward the coring bit as a trigger mechanism is repeatedly actuated. Preferably, frictional plates encompass the plunger rod and force the plunger rod into the coring bit. The plunger rod contacts the sample within the coring bit and forces the sample out of the bit. After the sample is removed, the plunger rod is pulled back through the coring bit, and the coring bit is released from the sample removal tool.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for obtaining an aliquot of serial liquid samples. A measured aliquot of each serial liquid sample is obtained and passed to an aliquot storage chamber with discard of the remainder of each liquid sample. A liquid collection container is provided sufficiently large for the largest single liquid serial sample with a generally vertical aliquot measurement container forming at least one aliquot measurement chamber. Each aliquot measurement chamber has a cross-sectional area in the same relation to the cross-sectional area of the liquid collection chamber as the quantity of each aliquot that is desired to bear to the liquid samples. The bottom of each aliquot measurement container is in the same general horizontal plane as the bottom of the liquid collection container.

Abstract: Disclosed is a sampling method and apparatus in which sampling is accompanied by the steps of inducing a sample to flow into an outer chamber and excluding the sample from an inner chamber by inducing a first pressure zone in the inner chamber such that a substantially discrete interface between the first pressure zone and sample is formed at an orifice between the outer chamber and inner chamber; sufficiently reducing the first pressure zone in the inner chamber to induce the sample to flow through the orifice between the outer chamber and inner chamber and into the inner chamber such that first pressure zone-sample interface is substantially undisturbed when it moves through the orifice between the outer chamber and inner chamber; inducing the sample to flow from the inner chamber into an inner tube having an orifice within the inner chamber which forms a pathway to a detector such that the first pressure zone-sample interface remains substantially undisturbed; inducing a second pressure zone in the inner c

Abstract: A method of preparing specimens of composite material for destructive testing is disclosed. A panel from which the specimens are to be cut is cut from a sheet of composite material. The panel is cut from the sheet by first cutting the sheet along a line to form an alignment edge. The alignment edge is placed against a fence and the panel is cut with a first saw blade to a predetermined width and length. A first set of pads is placed on a fitting, the pads being spaced apart by a predetermined distance by a plurality of pins extending from the fitting. The panel is placed on top of the pads. A second set of pads is placed on top of the panel. The fitting is clamped to a table. The table moves into the path of a second saw blade which cuts the panel in a first direction. The fitting is rotated and the table is moved into the path of the second saw blade again to cut the specimens. The smoothness of the surface cut by the second saw blade is significantly smoother than the smoothness of the first saw blade.

Abstract: A constant pressure cylinder with a spheroid or ellipsoid mixer is disclosed herein. Improvements include a spheroid or ellipsoid mixing element for mixing the accumulated sample. The mixing element is free to move about the sample chamber but is consturcted in such a way to avoid damage to the interior cylinder walll. Other generally ellipsoid shaped mixing elements are also disclosed. The invention additionally incorporates an improved piston for use in the cylinder. The piston contains a magnet assembly which may be used in conjunction with an invention by a third party to visually display the location of the piston in the cylinder.

Abstract: A system for exposing a sample to the interior of a reaction vessel has a pair of chambers interconnected by a passage. Each of the chambers may be isolated by valves with the outer chamber being removable. A sample holder is slidable between the chambers by a charging device and can be locked in place by rotation of the charging device. Flights on the interior of the passage provide guidance and facilitate locking.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for preparing a suspension for sample taking in a measurement section formed as a gap. The suspension provided with energy in a gap (10) immediately preceding the measurement section (11), which is enabled by the gap (10) being formed between a part (9) of a rotational body (4) and a part (5) surrounding it. These parts (9,5) are movable in relation to each other.

Abstract: A method of producing an exhaust gas sensor incorporating BaSnO.sub.3. Stannate ion and barium ion are reacted in a strong alkali to precipitate water-containing crystals of BaSnO.sub.3 such as BaSnO.sub.3.3H.sub.2 O, BaSnO.sub.3.5H.sub.2 O or the like. When thermally decomposed, the precipitate gives BaSnO.sub.3 free from segregated Ba and Sn elements. The product was then molded and thereafter sintered to obtain the sensor.

Abstract: A plurality of fragments of printed circuit boards, so-called coupons, each having a row of plated-through holes to be examined and two reference holes, are mounted on positioning pins extending through the reference holes, and are then embedded in a molded block of a curable plastic material to form an independent multi-coupon sample with extending pin ends. A plurality of such samples are mounted in pockets of a sample holder so that their extending pin ends engage with hardened surface portions on the front face of the sample holder. The samples are then contacted by an abrasive element to remove material down to a cross-sectional level at a predetermined distance in front of the hardened surface portions. A jig can be used to cut out a coupon with reference holes from a circuit board.

Abstract: A portable apparatus that can be used in a laboratory or at the inspection site in connection with detecting airborne asbestos which employs an acetone vapor clearing technique for cellulose ester filters exposed to airborne asbestos fibers. A metered quantity of acetone is applied to a flash vaporization chamber for each filter tested and the vapor is ducted to the filter to give an even and rapid clearing of the filter while limiting the generation of highly flammable vapors to reduce the risk of fire. This apparatus is in conformance with requirements specified in NIOSH Method 7400.

Abstract: A sample is cut from the upper region of a continuously cast ingot and rolled to compact the impurity band in a direction that was horizontal during casting.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for obtaining an aliquot of serial liquid samples. A measured aliquot of each serial liquid sample is obtained and passed to an aliquot storage chamber with discard of the remainder of each liquid sample. A liquid collection container is provided sufficiently large for the largest single liquid serial sample with a generally vertical aliquot tube forming at least one aliquot measurement chamber, each aliquot measurement chamber having a cross-sectional area in the same relation to the cross-sectional area of the liquid collection chamber as the quantity of each aliquot is desired to bear to the liquid samples and having a bottom in the same horizontal plane as the bottom of the liquid collection container.

Abstract: A residual analyzer assembly including an analyzer probe, typically of the amperometric type having a stable zero calibration, and a working fluid sampler system having means for backflushing the flow so as to periodically cleanse the system. The residual analyzer probe having two bare electrodes operating as a working electrode and a counter electrode. The working electrode being formed in a double spiral helix with the counter electrode being formed in an outer peripheral ring closely adjacent the working electrode. The probe also including a third electrode within an electrolytic solution and positioned behind a membrane located directly behind the working electrode. The three electrode system operated utilizing a potentiostat type circuit. The working fluid sampler system adapted to sample a portion of the working fluid flow and maintain a constant pressure into a flow block. A controlled amount of reagent being added for proper residual analyzation of the sample.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for monitoring a fluid stream with reference to one or more criteria. Successively a number of samples is drawn from the fluid stream that is at least one more than the number of analysis criteria. Each sampling step includes analyzing a portion of the fluid stream and preserving another portion. At intervals, on the ground of a selection criterion, one of the samples preserved is removed and a fresh sample is drawn, whereby--again--a portion of the fluid stream is analyzed and another portion preserved. The arrangement is such that, at all times, one sample is preserved that corresponds with an extreme value of each of the criteria of analysis.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing powder metallurgy (P/M) preforms which are conditioned for optimum intrinsic workability is described which comprises steps of heating a quantity of P/M material in a can to a first preselected temperature under vacuum to degas the material, compacting the canned material at a second preselected temperature under pressure to provide a compact of the material; or cold compacting the powder to about 75% density and degassing it at suitable temperature and then vacuum hot pressing the powder at about 0.

Abstract: A probe-gripper for automated sample preparation systems is disclosed, including a sample tube (12), an annular electrode (18), a barrel (40) surrounding the electrode, the barrel and the electrode being connected to a capacitance measurer, an annular elastomeric member (30) surrounding at least a portion of the electrode, the opposite end portions of the elastomeric member being secured to the electrode with an intermediate portion of the elastomeric member being free from the electrode to create an inflatable bladder, and passageways extending lengthwise of the probe to conduct pressurized fluid to the bladder to expand and contract it between gripping and release positions.

Abstract: A method for splitting samples of particulate matter (powders or suspensions), by which a powder or suspension stream of a sample is subdivided several times into subsamples and an analysis sample obtained therefrom, involves forming a powder or suspension stream rotating it centrifugally throwing off the stream and dividing it up several times into subsamples in the tangential throw-off direction and collecting divided subsamples, whereby one or more subsamples may be recycled into the stream of particles. An apparatus for carrying out this method (a sample splitter) comprises a central pipe which is capable of being rotatably driven, to which the powder or suspension is fed in batches, and which has a curved lower discharge end.

Abstract: A surveillance system for hazardous environments and the like having a radio remote controlled vehicle that is sized and shaped for optimum maneuverability and stability, including mobility on stairs and inclined surfaces. The vehicle is designed to have a low center of gravity that is shiftable up and down, front to rear and side to side under operator control in order to provide stability. The top deck of the vehicle is uniquely shaped and is adapted to support any of several payloads, including an articulated arm module that is moveable in a pan and tilt direction and a smear sampler mechanism for repeatedly taking surface samples. The vehicle is moved by independently operated, motor driven tracks located on each of the two longitudinal sides of the vehicle and is adapted to move in a forward, reverse and rotational directions. Remote monitoring is provided by stereoptic TV cameras, stereo sound, and variety of environmental sensors.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and an apparatus for the simultaneous application of a multiplicity of liquid samples to an object stage (2), more especially of sera to an object stage overgrown with cell cultures. In this connection, according to the invention the liquid samples are pressed with the aid of a multipipette (3) through a funnel plate (4), which rests immovably on the object stage (2) and which has a multiplicity of funnel-shaped containers (5) disposed side by side in a plane. The funnel plate (4) is then preferably left on the object stage (2) overgrown with cell cultures, until such time as incubation of the applied serum has taken place. By means of the process according to the invention, running of the sera is avoided and handling in a simple and reliable manner for the purposes of the laboratory investigation is guaranteed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to devices for delivering reagents for tests, and particularly for assays applicable to biological fluids.

Abstract: An apparatus for taking a sample of a toxic and/or radioactive substance by ntroducing such substance into a sample vessel. The apparatus includes a rotatable cylinder containing a recess for receiving a sample vessel. A drive shaft is connected to the cylinder for imparting rotary and axial movements to the cylinder for moving the recess of the cylinder between first and second positions. A needle head filling system is arranged above the cylinder at the first position for filling a sample vessel with toxic and/or radioactive substances. The cylinder is lifted by the shaft for engagement with the needle head filling system when being filled and lowered by the shaft after being filled. An inlet and outlet conduit is provided having one end for receiving from and discharging into the recess of the cylinder a sample vessel, the one end being located above the cylinder at the second position.

Abstract: A method of mounting and confining poorly and/or unconsolidated core samples for subsequent handling and testing is disclosed. The preferred method comprises the steps of inserting a poorly consolidated core sample into a predetermined length of heat shrinkable tubing. End plugs are inserted at each end of the core sample and within the tubing. Heat is then applied to the heat shrinkable tubing and the tubing shrinks to conform to the outer circumferential surface of the core sample and the end plugs. The tubing is cut off at each end of the poorly consolidated core sample at the line of contact between the poorly consolidated core sample and each end plug. Then the poorly consolidated core sample is seated to attempt to return grains to their in situ grain to grain relationship. Suitable screens are placed against each end of the core sample. Screen caps are then attached to each end of the core sample to provide a constant pressure on the ends of the core sample.

Abstract: The resolution device for semiconductor films according to the present invention comprises a sealed container, a storage container installed in the sealed container for storing hydrofluoric acid to generate hydrogen fluoride gas, a semiconductor film supporter installed in the sealed container, and a receptacle of resolved solution installed at the bottom of the sealed container for receiving the resolved solution of the semiconductor films. The semiconductor films held by the film supporter are resolved by hydrogen fluoride gas which is generated from the storage container of hydrofluoric acid and has a low impurity content. The resolved solution is collected in the receptacle for resolved solution, and is supplied directly to the flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometer.

Abstract: The coupling of the present invention is adapted for use with a micromanipulator and a pair of pipettes. The micromanipulator comprises a pair of elongated arms and linkage connected to the arms for moving the arms in a plurality of directions. The coupling includes a housing having an arm receptacle at one end and a pipette holding device at the opposite end. A ball and socket swivel is provided within the housing and comprises a movable socket member which is matingly engaged with a spherical ball. The ball is connected to the pipette holding device. A threaded bolt engages the movable socket member and is adapted to cam the socket member into frictional engagement with the ball so as to lock the ball and socket joint against movement.

Abstract: Apparatus for manufacturing a series of samples of a mixture comprises a continuous filter strip on a roll and means for advancing the filter strip along a predetermined guide path. A suction head is located below the guide path and a bell member above the guide path at a point opposite to that of the suction head. The bell member is capable of being raised and lowered so that a portion of the filter strip is sealed between the bell member and suction head when the bell member is in the lowered position. Feeding means are provided through which samples of the mixture are conveyed from a sample vessel, through the bell member and onto the filter strip when the bell member is in the lowered position. A stamping device is located downstream the bell member whereby portions of the filter strip supporting the sample are stamped out in disc form. The disc is received within a receiving vessel. Reagent fluid supplied to the disc through a needle.

Abstract: An improved consistometer has a vertically-movable rod for imparting a precisely-measurable amount of energy on initial impact to a dough sample. Simultaneously, a precise measurement of vertical drop is obtained from a cooperating dial displacement indicator. The dial indicator has a vertical arm which is displaced by a horizontal disk fixed to the rod. A collar retains the rod in a first position; removal of the collar permits the rod to drop. After initial impact, further displacement of the rod is measured over a fixed time interval. Comparison of displacement of various dough samples thus indicates their relative consistencies. The rod has interchangeable penetrating rod end elements, to accommodate various types of dough.

Abstract: A novel method for preparing a ground-meat sample for compositional analysis and an apparatus for performing the method are disclosed. The method comprises a series of steps. The first step includes obtaining a predetermined quantity of ground meat. Next, the meat is formed into a layer having a predetermined thickness. Then, a first portion of the layer is isolated from the remainder. The isolated first portion is then urged into an elongated, hollow member having an axis, an open end, and a resistive end movable along the axis relative to the open end. The isolated first portion and the resistive end are then urged together so as to produce a substantially air void-free isolate out of the first portion.

Abstract: A system for obtaining samples of the exhaust of a combustor for subsequent constituent level analysis and a method of determining constituent levels. The system includes inlets (10,26) for alternately delivering exhaust or ambient air to the system. System outlets (56,58) are sealingly coupled to sample receiving and collecting containers (60,62) and a pump (32) is connected to the inlets (10,26) to pressurize gases entering the system. The pump has an outlet (32) to an air cooled heat exchanger (38) which is cooled by a fan (40) to condense water vapor in the gases. The heat exchanger is connected by plumbing (48,50,52,64,66) to the system outlets (56,58) and a chemical gas dryer (54) may be connected in the system when ambient air is entering the system inlet (26). The method of analyzing the exhaust includes the steps of partially filling a sample collecting container with dried air and thereafter directing the exhaust to be analyzed into the sample collecting container.

Abstract: A thick walled centrifuge tube with a generally constant internal diameter and having at least one circumferential groove within the exterior surface of the tube. The groove is designed to have a depth slightly less than the wall thickness of the tube. The circumferential groove is designed to assist in slicing of the tube subsequent to centrifugation in order to isolate different separated particles of a fluid sample which have formed fraction bands at certain levels in the tube. The groove reduces the cutting force required to partition the tube. The groove provides a guide for a slicing blade. The groove is formed in such a manner that a fluid tight seal is formed between the slicing blade and the tube as the blade proceeds through the tube. The centrifuge tube wall at the base of the groove, after slicing, is resilient enough to allow the tube sections to be rejoined under force and create a fluid tight seal.

Abstract: Mineral samples are sealed in a nitrile barrier resin which prevents alterations in a sample between the time the sample is taken and the time the sample is analyzed. This resin provides chemical resistance to a core sample and good water vapor barrier properties and excellent oxygen barrier properties. The resin may be laminated with other materials to improve various properties.

Abstract: A plurality of samples subject to the same thermostatting time periods are directed one by one to the inlet section of a gas chromatograph for analysis in accordance with the head space method. To this end, a first heatable sample store adapted to be stepwise advanced is provided, in which thermostatting of the samples is accomplished. A second sample store also adapted to be stepwise advanced is provided, from which sample vessels are transferred one by one into the first sample store.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating a measurable natural crack includes forming a primary notch in the surface of a solid material. A non-sustained single pressure pulse is then generated in the vicinity of the primary notch, resulting in the formation of a shock wave which travels through the material. The shock wave creates a measurable natural crack within the material which extends from the primary notch. The natural crack formed possesses predictable geometry, location and orientation.

Abstract: A laboratory stand assembly for use in emptying sample vials used to monitor the concentration of solvent vapor in air. The assembly consists of a base, a support extending vertically therefrom with a sample holder adjustably positioned in the support. A clamp is attached to the top of the sample holder to secure the adsorption tube to the sample holder. Support means for receiving a sample vial are also provided.

Abstract: An apparatus for testing small animal litter in which a plurality of compartments are employed for living quarters for the small animals, such as cats, and for a container with litter to be tested, and these animal compartments are connected by conduits to a compartment for a tester to use to sniff the odor from any one of the animal compartments. Valves are preferably provided in the conduits, and controls for the valves extend externally of the apparatus so the valves can be operated separately by an operator without interfering with individual tests. Fans in or near the top of the compartments are used to circulate air through the animal compartments while the animals are living normally therein, and a fan is provided in the tester's compartment for drawing the air from any selected one of the animal compartments into and through the tester's compartment.

Abstract: A pulp sampling device for combining pulp and water to form a pulp suspension and circulating the suspension until an exact volume of a sample of the suspension has attained a targeted meter reading of consistency and concentration which volume of pulp can be used for Kappa number determination or like tests.