Abstract: A sintered electrode of high-melting metal (for example tungsten) is produced from spherical metal powder having a well defined particle size. The mean particle size is from 5 to 70 &mgr;m. The particle size distribution covers a range from at most 20% below to at most 20% above the mean particle size.

Abstract: A sliding material which is used for bearings, washers and other parts of automobiles, industrial machines, agricultural machines and the like, possesses an excellent abrasion resistance, and is useful under sever boundary lubricating conditions. The sliding material comprises a back plate (5) of a steel plate and a sinter bearing layer integrally provided on one surface of the back plate (5). A powder (2) of a hard material is dispersed in an amount of 0.5 to 20% by weight in a matrix (4) of the sinter bearing layer. The matrix (4) comprises 1 to 30% by weight of Pb and 1 to 15% by weight of Sn with the balance consisting of Cu. The powder (2) of a hard material comprises 7.5 to 9.5% by weight of Cr, 27 to 30% by weight of Mo, and 2.0 to 3.0% by weight of Si with the balance consisting of Co.

Abstract: In order to make the wear-resistance and machinability of the copper-based sliding material, in which such particles as AlN, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, NiB, Fe.sub.2 B, SiC, TiC, WC, Si.sub.3 N.sub.4, Fe.sub.3 P, Fe.sub.2 P and/or Fe.sub.3 B are dispersed in the matrix consisting of sintered Cu or Cu alloy, the dispersion is performed such that the weight proportion and the average particle diameter of the medium-hardness particles of Hv 500 or more and 1000 or less are greater than those of the high-hardness particles having Hv 1100 or more.

Abstract: A mixed metallurgical powder is provided containing powdered copper used for the manufacture of sintered structural parts such as brushes. A sintered compact made of the mixed metallurgical powder and a method for the manufacture of the sintered compact are also provided. The powder and the sintered compact are provide with an extremely high corrosion resistance because, preferably, the mixed metallurgical powder contains powdered copper and 20-400 ppm by weight of Bi in the form of powdered Bi.

Abstract: A process of forming a multi-phase sintered article of powdered metal comprising: blending a mixture of copper powder, aluminum powder, iron powder, and nickel, each in their free states, with a lubricant, compacting the blended mixture into a die cavity, forming the article, and high temperature sintering the article in a reducing atmosphere comprised of 100% dissociated ammonia so as to produce the multi-phase sintered article of powdered metal; and the multi-phase sintered article of powdered metal formed thereby.

Abstract: A cermet composite material is made by treating at an elevated temperature a mixture comprising a compound of iron and a compound of at least one other metal, together with an alloy or mixture of copper and a noble metal. The alloy or mixture preferably comprises particles having an interior portion containing more copper than noble metal and an exterior portion containing more noble metal than copper. The noble metal is preferably silver. The cermet composite material preferably includes alloy phase portions and a ceramic phase portion. At least part of the ceramic phase portion preferably has a spinel structure.

Abstract: The invention concerns metal powder granulates comprising one or a plurality of the metals Co, Cu, Ni, W and Mo. The invention further concerns a method for the production of these granulates and the use thereof. The production method is characterized in that a metal compound comprising one or a plurality of the groups comprising oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, hydrogenocarbonates, oxalates, acetates, formiates with binder and optionally in addition between 40 and 80% solvent, relative to the solids content, is granulated as the starting component, and the granulates are thermally reduced in a hydrogen-containing gaseous atmosphere to form the metal powder granulates, the binder and the solvent, if used, being removed completely.

Abstract: A homogeneous sintered composite made by press-forming a homogeneous mixture of powders of an agglutinating component, a second component having a melting point higher then the agglutinating component, and an exothermically reactive component to form a compact; heating the compact, then inducing an exothermic reaction of the reactive substance which generates sufficient additional heat to melt the agglutinating component without melting the high melting point component. For electronic microcircuit heat-dissipation applications the agglutinating component is a high thermal conductivity metal, and the high melting point component has a low thermal expansivity, whose proportions are adjusted to match the thermal expansion characteristics of microcircuit material. To reduce porosity, the reacted compact is pressed again while the agglutinating component is still in the liquid phase. For low weight applications the second material has high specific thermal conductivity.

Abstract: The present invention provides magnetostrictive compositions that include an oxide ferrite which provides mechanical properties that make the magnetostrictive compositions effective for use as sensors and actuators.

Abstract: A frangible metal bullet, a method for making it, and ammunition made therefrom. The frangible metal bullet is formed from a mixture of metal particles and metal or metalloid binder forming material which is compacted into the desired shape, heated to a temperature above that needed to form at least one intermetallic compound but below the temperature of joining of the metal particles by sintering and below the temperature of formation of substantial amounts of a ductile alloy of the metal of the particles and the metal or metalloid binder forming material and then cooled. Such bullets have sufficient strength to maintain their integrity during firing but disintegrate into powder on impact and can be formulated to be lead-free.

Abstract: The invention relates to bullets having increased frangibility (or which can be easily fragmented) and to materials and processes for the manufacture of such bullets. The bullets of the present invention are typically made from copper or copper alloy powders (including brass, bronze and dispersion strengthened copper) which are pressed and then sintered under conditions so as to obtain bullets with the desired level of frangibility. In preferred embodiments of the invention, the bullets also contain several additives that increase or decrease their frangibility.

Abstract: The invention concerns a material for the powder-metallurgical production from a powder mixture containing at least approximately 50 wt. % copper in particular of valve seat rings or valve guides with high resistance to wear and corrosion and high heat conductivity. The starting powder mixture consists of between 50 and 90 wt. % of a basic powder, containing the copper portion, and between 10 and 50 wt. % of a powdery molybdenum-containing alloy flux. The basic powder is a copper powder which is dispersion-hardened by Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, has an Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 content of between 0.1 and 1.1 wt. %, and is produced by pulverizing a Cu--Al melt followed by heating in an oxidizing atmosphere. The invention further concerns the use of a dispersion-hardened powder of this type for the powder-metallurgical production in particular of wear and corrosion-resistant valve seat rings or valve guides with high heat conductivity. Finally, the invention concerns a method of producing such valve seat rings or valve guides.

Abstract: There is described a copper-based sliding layer comprising a matrix of copper or a copper alloy with softer metallic inclusions of at least 10 wt-% which form particles having sectional areas separate from each other with respect to an observation plane parallel to the layer. To combine favorable strength values with good tribological properties, it is suggested that when adding up the sectional areas of the particles starting with the smallest sectional area and proceeding according to ascending area size the sectional area (F.sub.50) of that particle which completes the subtotal of the sectional areas up to its own area size to 50% of the final total corresponds to a maximum of ten times the sectional area (F.sub.5) of the particle completing the subtotal to 5% of the final total, but at least one fifth of the largest individual sectional area (F.sub.100).

Abstract: A sintered friction material especially suitable for use in a braking system has a matrix of a copper-system metal such as copper, tin, nickel and aluminum, and contains a specific additive, graphite and potassium titanate as friction conditioners. The specific additive consists of at least one material selected from a group consisting of zirconium oxide, silica, dolomite, orthoclase and magnesium oxide. The specific additive, the graphite and the potassium titanate are preferably blended in volume ratios of 1 to 15%, 10 to 50% and 5 to 30% respectively. The form of the potassium titanate is at least one of whiskery, platy and spherical forms and preferably plate-like or spherical. The sintered friction material has good abrasion resistance, low abrasion of the counterpart, a high friction coefficient, excellent material strength, good chattering resistance, and good squealing resistance.

Abstract: A contact material, a shaped article or contact piece and a process for producing a shaped article from a contact material based on silver, include forming a powder mixture from silver and a metal oxide, and metallurgically processing the powder to form the shaped article with the metal oxide being reduced to metal. Since metal oxide powders are obtainable with a very much smaller particle size than metal powders, it is possible to obtain a contact material with a mean particle size of the metal incorporated as an active component of less than 1 .mu.m. Such a contact material has particularly favorable switching properties as a result of the fine particle size.

Abstract: The process for producing net shape or near net shape metal parts is improved by sintering a compact in a reducing atmosphere where the compact contains a metal and chemically-bound oxygen in the form of a metal oxide, for example, and the chemically-bound oxygen is in an amount sufficient to improve the sintering of the compact. Improved sintering is facilitated when the metal oxide forms a metal/metal oxide eutectic during reduction of the chemically-bound oxygen in a reducing atmosphere during the sintering process. The compact can contain a metal oxide and a solution compound to produce an alloy part, provided the chemically-bound oxygen is present in an amount sufficient to improve sintering. In a preferred embodiment, the compact also contains a reinforcement compound and is sintered to make a metal matrix composite. The resultant density of the near net shape metal parts made by the improved sintering process is preferably about 97% or more of the theoretical density.

Abstract: A sintered friction material includes a copper alloy base and hard particles. The copper alloy base includes copper and at least one of, and preferably both, Zn and Ni within a total range of 5 to 40 wt % of the copper alloy base. The hard particles are uniformly dispersed in a matrix formed by the original composite copper alloy powder constituting the base, in a content amount j within a range of 10 to 30 wt % of the friction material.

Abstract: A brazing material having 0.25-0.9 wt % of titanium oxide added to a basic formula consisting of 60-94.25 wt % Ag, 5-30 wt % Cu and 0.5-4.5 wt % of an active metal is processed to form a paste, which is applied to an AlN substrate and overlaid with a copper plate and heat treated to form a joint between the AlN substrate and the copper plate. A resist is applied to the copper plate to form a circuit pattern, which is etched to form a metallized circuit, thereby producing a metal-ceramics composite substrate capable of operation on high electrical power. The substrate is improved in various characteristics of a power module device over the composite substrates produced by using the conventional brazing materials.

Abstract: A method for making dies or molds from powdered metals is disclosed. The method includes the steps of: providing a pattern of a desired shape to define the mold or die cavity configuration; providing a canister; placing the pattern in the canister and filling the canister with a selected powdered metal; hot isostatic pressing the canister and powdered metal to produce a consolidated and densified compact; and sectioning the compact along a plane to enable removal of the pattern and thus providing the desired die or mold cavity in the fully densified powdered metal die or mold set so formed.

Abstract: A piezoelectric material includes a PZT ceramic, and a noble metal component. The noble metal component is added to the PZT ceramic in an amount of 0.35 parts by volume or more with respect to 100 parts by volume of the PZT ceramic, and is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt and Au, or is an alloy of silver (Ag) and the noble metal element. A piezoelectric element includes a pair of external electrodes, at least a pair of piezoelectric layers, and a conductive layer. The piezoelectric layers are formed of the PZT ceramic, and are disposed between the external electrodes. The conductive layer is formed of the noble metal component, and is insulated from the external electrodes. The piezoelectric layers and the conductive layer are formed lamellarly, and are laminated alternately in a direction connecting the external electrodes.

Abstract: A manufacturing method and products of metallic friction materials includes processes of 1. preparing powder materials, 2. mixing copper as a base, proper proportion of iron powder or steel wool, aluminum powder, zinc or tin or lead powder, graphite powder and alumina or silicon dioxide powder, 3. pressing mixed materials into green bodies under 375.about.625 MPa at room temperature, 4. pre-heat treating the green bodies in an air furnace with temperature raised to 100.about.300.degree. C. for 1.about.3 hours, 5. sintering the green bodies into test samples under 350.about.750 MPa for 24.about.60 hours to gain sintered friction materials having an oxidized layer of less than 1 mm thick, 6. processing and grinding the sintered test samples with grinders to remove the oxidized layer, 7. washing the outer surface of the sintered test samples ground into finished products. The method of the invention may reduce largely difficulty in manufacturing processes, the investment and productive cost.

Abstract: A method of making flowable tungsten/copper composite powder by milling an aqueous slurry of a mixture of the desired weight ratio of tungsten powder and copper oxide powder and, optionally, a small amount of cobalt powder, spray-drying the slurry to form spherical, flowable agglomerates, and reducing the agglomerates in a hydrogen atmosphere.

Abstract: A sputtering target, for forming a recording layer of an optical recording medium in which information is written and erased through a transition between two phases by utilizing electromagnetic wave energy, consists of a heat-treated and sintered composition represented by the formula:Ag.sub..alpha. In.sub..beta. Te.sub..gamma. Sb.sub..delta.wherein2.ltoreq..alpha..ltoreq.303.ltoreq..beta..ltoreq.3010.ltoreq..gamma..ltoreq.5015.ltoreq..delta..ltoreq.83.alpha.+.beta.+.gamma.+.delta.=100A method of producing the sputtering target, an optical recording medium having a recording layer formed through sputtering by use of the sputtering target, and a method of forming the recording layer are also disclosed.

Abstract: Apparatus for use in cooling an integrated circuit structure. The apparatus includes a heat sink having a first portion configured for thermal engagement with an integrated circuit device and a second portion configured for the dissipation of heat into an ambient fluid, such as air. The heat sink is made from a powdered metal which, in one preferred embodiment, includes copper. The heat sink may be formed from the plurality of discrete layers, each layer having a button projecting from one surface, and a depression formed in an opposing surface. The depression is configured to receive a projecting button portion from another layer. In an alternative embodiment the heat sink includes a plurality of plugs projecting from the generally flat surface.

Abstract: A method of producing copper powder having little variation in its particle size and an excellent monodispersion properties. A copper complex ion solution is prepared from a copper-containing solution and a complexing agent, then a reducing agent is added to the copper complex ion solution to precipitate metallic copper. The copper-containing solution herein contains copper sulfate, copper formate, copper pyrophosphate, copper chloride or copper carbonate and the complexing agent is at least one carboxylate or phosphate.

Abstract: Electrical contact material made from intimate mixtures of silver powder and a powder of a second phase material is shown in which the powder of the second phase material is milled to produce a selected grain distribution of approximately 90% less than 7-10 microns, approximately 50% between 2 and 5 microns and approximately 10% less than 0.8 to 1.0 microns. The powder of the second phase material is added to a silver salt solution, ammonium hydroxide and hydrazine hydrate to form a precipitate of second phase material particles covered with silver. For applications in which the particles need to be free flowing the particles are compacted together without any binder, broken into chunks and milled to provide granules. In one embodiment homogeneously doped tin oxide particles are disclosed in which tin oxide and the oxide of the dopant are dissolved in nitric acid to produce finely dispersed tin oxide and dopant oxide. The oxides are calcined and ground to the selected grain size distribution.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a brake lining material for a heavy-load braking device. The present invention is to provide a novel brake lining material which can have extended useful life under heavy-load conditions, can retain stable coefficients of friction under such heavy load conditions, can have appropriate wear resistance and can reduce the wear of its opponent material significantly. In accordance with the present invention,the novel brake lining material is provided which comprises copper-base metal powder, refractory material powder and graphite powder, the metal powder containing iron powder and titanium powder and being used as a matrix, the refractory material powder and the graphite powder being sintered together with this matrix in a uniformly distributed state in the powder.

Abstract: Silver-iron materials for electrical switching contacts with properties which come very close to those of silver-nickel materials formed of 0.5 to 4.5% by weight iron and 0.05 to 2% by weight of one or more of the oxides magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, yttrium oxide, lanthanum oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, hafnium oxide, cerium oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, chromium oxide, manganese oxide, iron oxide, zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, indium oxide, silicon oxide, and tin oxide, the balance being silver.

Abstract: An electrical contact for use in an electrical switching device is provided having low contact resistance, high wear resistance and high anti-weld characteristics. The contact includes a material composition of between 0.2 and 8% by weight Gr, between 10 and 90% by weight W and the remaining mixture consisting of Ag. The contact is manufactured using a process which yields a unique microstructure characterized by not having an interconnected Gr network around the Ag thereby providing a strong Ag to Ag bond. This process includes the steps of adding the appropriate amounts of Ag, W and Gr powder material together, blending together under low shear conditions to provide a homogenous powder mixture while prohibiting the Gr from smearing onto the Ag, pressing the material mixture to form a contact, and then sintering and coining the contact.

Abstract: A sintered friction material includes a copper alloy base and hard particles. The copper alloy base includes copper and at least one of, and preferably both, Zn and Ni within a total range of 5 to 40 wt % of the copper alloy base. The hard particles are uniformly dispersed in a matrix formed by the original composite copper alloy powder constituting the base, in a content amount within a range of 10 to 30 wt % of the friction material.

Abstract: A material for electric contacts based on silver-tin oxide is obtained by mixing a powder of silver or an alloy mainly containing silver with a powder consisting mainly of tin oxide and 0.01 to 10 wt. % (in relation to the quantity of tin oxide) of an additive consisting of one or more compounds containing silver, oxygen and a metal from sub-groups II to VI of the periodic system and/or antimony, bismuth, germanium, indium and gallium, compacting the mixture and sintering it. The tin oxide may be replaced by zinc oxide.

Abstract: Silver-iron materials for electrical switching contacts with properties which come very close to those of silver-nickel materials formed of 4.6 to 15% by weight iron and 0.05 to 5% by weight of one or more of the oxides magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, yttrium oxide, lanthanum oxide, cerium oxide, chromium oxide, iron oxide, aluminum oxide, indium oxide, silicon oxide, and tin oxide, the balance being silver.

Abstract: An electrical contact material for switching rated currents between 20 and 100 Ampere having improved operational life made of 3.2 to 19.9 wt-% tin oxide and 0.05 to 0.4 wt-%, in each case, of indium oxide and bismuth oxide, the remainder being silver. In the course of the manufacture of the material by powder metallurgy more than 60 wt-% of the tin oxide should exhibit a particle size of more than 1 .mu.m.

Abstract: Contact material based on silver, use of such a contact material in a switching device in power engineering, and process for preparing the contact material.For contact pieces in low-voltage switches, in particular, substitute materials based on silver-iron oxide are proposed for the silver-nickel hitherto often used in practice. According to the invention, such a material contains, as a further effective component, an oxide of a metal of the third sub-group, yttrium oxide (Y.sub.2 O.sub.3) being especially designed for this purpose. For example, a material of the composition Ag/Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 10/Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 1 meets, with its favourable temperature behaviour, the properties required with respect to the contact property spectrum. In addition, at least one metal oxide which contains elements of the sixth sub-group of the Periodic Table of the Elements, preferably iron tungstate (FeWO.sub.4), can be present. In particular, a material of the composition Ag/Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 9/Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 1/FeWO.sub.4 0.

Abstract: A sintered contact material comprising silver and nickel is characterized according to the invention in that the mass fraction of nickel is between 5 and 50%, and in that the nickel is present in the silver microstructure with average particle sizes (d) 1 .mu.m<d<10 .mu.m in largely homogeneous dispersion. A suitable method for preparing said sintered contact material is characterized in that, prior to sintering the nickel is introduced, in the way of mechanical alloying, into the silver microstructure, this operation taking place under an air atmosphere. Contact facings manufactured therefrom can be formed as strips or sections by means of extrusion, as individual contact pieces by means of a shaped part technique, and in each case as a two-layer structure.

Abstract: A projectile, such as a bullet, is made by combining two different metals in proportions calculated to achieve a desired density, without using lead. A base constituent, made of a material having density greater than lead, is combined with a binder constituent having less density. The binder constituent is malleable and ductile metallic phase material that forms projectile shapes when subjected to a consolidation force, such as compression. The metal constituents can be selected, rationed, and consolidated to achieve desired frangibility characteristics.

Abstract: Silver-iron materials for electrical switching contacts with properties which come very close to those of silver-nickel materials formed of 0.5 to 20% by weight iron 0.5 to 5% by one or more of the elements rhenium, iridium, and ruthenium, and 0.05 to 2% by weight of one or more of the oxides magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, yttrium oxide, lanthanum oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, hafnium oxide, cerium oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, chromium oxide, manganese oxide, iron oxide, zinc oxide, copper oxide, aluminum oxide, indium oxide, silicon oxide, and tin oxide, the balance being silver.

Abstract: This invention provides a self-lubricating composite material which has excellent strength and oxidation resistnce at a high temperature and can be used in air and in vacuum, and a production method thereof, the composite material is a Cu--Ni--Sn type composite sintered body containing 20 to 70 vol % of mixed particles of graphite and WS.sub.2 as the solid lubricant components and having a porosity of not greater than 25 vol %, and a matrix is a two-phase alloy comprising Cu--Ni alloy particles and an Sn single phase or an Sn--Ni intermetallic compound dispersed uniformly in the grain boundary of the alloy particles and firmly bonding them, and this matrix encompasses the solid lubricant particles. The matrix consists of 5 to 40 wt % of Ni, 4 to 15 wt % of Sn and the balance of Cu and unavoidable impurities as the alloy composition.

Abstract: A contact material for a vacuum valve including, a conductive constituent including at least copper, an arc-proof constituent including at least chromium and an auxiliary constituent including at least one selected from the group consisting of tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum and niobium. The contact material is manufactured by quench solidification of a composite body of the conductive constituent, the arc-proof constituent and the auxiliary constituent.

Abstract: The sinterability of a copper/tungsten green compact is improved by using copper oxide, tungsten oxide or both as the copper and/or tungsten source. Sinterability is further enhanced by including steam in the sintering atmosphere.

Abstract: Substitute materials are increasingly proposed for contact pieces in low-voltage switches, which until now frequently consisted of silver-nickel. In the case of such a substitute material which, besides silver, contains at least iron oxide (Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 /Fe.sub.3 O.sub.4) and zirconium oxide (ZrO.sub.2) as active components, the making capacity with regard to the critical welding current is improved by an addition of a further oxide of the sixth subgroup of the Periodic System and/or of a mixed oxide that consists of iron oxide and the oxide of an element of the sixth subgroup of the Periodic System. In this connection, the further additive is, in particular, ferro-wolframate (FeWO.sub.4).

Abstract: A composite material comprising a pure copper or dispersion strengthened copper matrix and a boron rich species, such as, but not limited to, elemental boron or boron carbide, for use in the fabrication of baskets that support spent nuclear fuel in nuclear waste containers. A method for manufacturing the composite material using powder metallurgy and hot extrusion.

Abstract: Process for producing very pure platinum materials dispersion-reinforced with Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 and having high strength and extensibility, even in the temperature range >800.degree. C., from platinum powder by mechanical alloying, which comprises the process stepspreparing platinum powder of high purity and low particle size of from 2 to 10 .mu.m,introducing and dispersing Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 particles >1 .mu.m in the platinum powder by milling in a platinum vessel using milling media of zirconium oxide,degassing the milled product under a vacuum of better than 10.sup.-3 mbar and with an increase in temperature to at least 1200.degree. C. in a platinum capsule for a period of up to 48 hours,gastight welding of the evacuated capsule and hot isostatic pressing at 1350.degree. C.

Abstract: The invention relates to a material for electric contacts taking silver tin-oxide as basis, consisting of silver or mainly silver-containing alloy, tin oxide and other oxides or carbides of tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium, bismuth, titanium, and/or copper.

Abstract: A silver base electrical contact material is described which contains uniformly in a silver matrix dispersed particles of nickel, nickel oxide, and at least one additive selected from the group consisting of vanadium, manganese, chromium, thallium, titanium, cobalt, and tungsten carbide. The contact material contains 1.3 to 24.8 wt % of nickel, 0.2 to 4.7 wt % of nickel oxide, 0.05 to 3 wt % of the additive, and balance silver. A superior silver base contact material having excellent welding and wear resistances is obtained by adding the metals and the metal carbide to a silver-nickel-nickel oxide contact material.

Abstract: In the metallic member of the invention, ceramic super fine particles, and solid lubricant particles or short size fibers are dispersed, and the grain size of the ceramic particles is smaller than the solid lubricant particle size or fiber diameter.

Abstract: A trapping plug with unique characteristics provides phase separators for cryogenic storage systems for space applications. The plug has a body of high-thermal conductivity metal such as OFHC copper and a multiplicity of holes of uniform, extremely small diameter and uniformly spaced extending through the body. The hole diameters and their uniformity in size and spacing enable precise design of an operating system using disclosed criteria. Hole diameters at the range of interest for systems for long-term storage of cryogenics such as liquid hydrogen, that is, 0.1 to 5.0 microns, may be provided in the plugs. Multiple plugs or clusters of plugs disposed in a plate may be used as required. A storage system making use of the trapping plugs also includes external vent lines and a flow regulator that controls flow of vapor through the vent lines.

Abstract: A method of preparing a metal alloy product from a powder blend. The method comprising: (a) cold pressing a blend to form a compact, the metal blend comprising a metal powder phase and at least one reinforcement phase having a hardness greater than the metal phase; (b) heating the compact to form a preheated compact; and (c) hot working the heated compact. In a preferred method, the powder metal blend comprises 50 to 90 vol. % of an aluminum alloy powder and 10 to 50 vol. % of silicon carbide; the heating of the compact perforated in a nitrogen atmosphere to form a preheated compact; and the extruded hot compact is hot worked. Hot working may take the form of forging, rolling, upset forging, exuding, compacting or other processes known in the art.

Abstract: A dispersion strengthened copper alloy and a method for producing the alloy are provided. The alloy preferably comprises aluminum, titanium and hafnium as alloying elements that are internally oxidized under controlled conditions to produce a dispersion strengthened copper material having good hardness and high conductivity. A method for reducing the adverse effects of hydrogen on such materials is also provided. The dispersion strengthened material can be useful in many applications, including welding electrodes and electrical contacts.

Abstract: A friction material for a lubricated tribological system, particularly for a synchro of a gear box, consists of a bronze or steel matrix containing from 5 to 40% by weight of embedded hard particles. A 90% portion of the embedded hard particles have a particle size of from 50 and 300 micrometers. These hard particles consist of an alloy including Cr, Mo, W, V, Ni, Zr, Al and/or Ti and carbides of Cr, Mo, W and V; nitrides of Al and Mo; and/or oxides of Cr, Ni, Zr and Ti. The hardness of the hard particles is advantageously above 600 HV 0.1. This friction material has a comparatively high friction coefficient which is constant independent of variations of sliding speed.