Abstract: A dye composition and a dyeing method for an elastic fabric are provided. The dyeing method includes: (a) providing an elastic fabric which includes an elastic fiber; and (b) immersing the elastic fabric in a dye composition. The dye composition includes an ion modifier and a dye. The elastic fiber of the elastic fabric has a first ion by contacting the ion modifier, and the first ion has a first charge; the dye has a second ion, and the second ion has a second charge opposite to the first charge. The first ion of the elastic fiber and the second ion of the dye together form an ionic bonding.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a color of a film includes a dyeing bath to dip a washed PVA film in an aqueous iodine solution and an aqueous potassium solution and then dye the PVA film therewith, a complementary bath to dip the PVA film in an aqueous potassium solution and then dye the PVA film therewith, a device oven to dry the PVA film having the oriented iodine and potassium, a 4-stage oven to dry the PVA film dried in the device oven, and a central controller to predict a color value of the polarizing film.

Abstract: Methods for dyeing of microporous track etched membranes are provided. In particular, these methods are suitable for dark shade dyeing of membranes having large pores with low porosity. Desirably, such methods provide dyed membranes wherein the membrane parameters are not significantly changed as compared to those prior to dyeing. Likewise, the resultant dyed membranes exhibit no negative influence on sensitive cell culture system applications.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of maintaining chemical reactivity of an oxidative hair colorant in an opened flexible sachet including a reclosure element. The quality of the re-closure will strongly influence how the hair colorant will perform when using it as intended. The method according to the present invention ensures maintaining chemical reactivity by improving the quality of the re-closure by intuitively inducing safe and tight re-closure by users of such hair colorant. This is achieved by providing the sachet to the user in a configuration already in its re-closure position, while the sachet has not been opened yet.

Abstract: Apparatus for performing optical readings on yarn spools subjected to dyeing in a dyeing tank or machine (1) in which a spool (6) provided with a pierced axial shaft (6A) is placed with the said shaft on the outlet of a feedpipe (IM) of a circuit that feeds a dyeing bath in the same tank or machine (1), so that the dyeing bath enters the dyeing tank or machine (1) passing by the feedpipe (IM) through the shaft (6A) and is subsequently collected through collecting conduit (IR) of the same feeding circuit.

Abstract: A textile dyeing process for dyeing cellulosic fibers and polyester and their respective blends with other fibers in recycled dyeing baths without carrying out any intermediate depuration treatment and using reactive and direct dyes for the cellulosic fibers and dispense dyes for polyester is described. The process recycles both the water already used in a previous dyeing cycle and all added products that have not been absorbed by the textile substrate, as well as the rest of the disperse dyes that had not been depleted in the previous dyeing cycles.

Abstract: Provided are a method of stabilizing a leuco dye storable as a liquid for a long time, a method of reducing nonspecific color development thereof at a time of a color development reaction, and a stable liquid reagent composition using the methods. The inventors of the present invention found that coexistence of the leuco dye with a specific reducing agent resulted in suppression of self color development and its remarkably improved stability in a solution, and that when a color development reaction of the leuco dye with hydrogen peroxide was performed, coexistence of the leuco dye, in a reaction solution, with another dye which had an absorption spectrum not influencing a measurement wavelength of the leuco dye and did not react with hydrogen peroxide suppressed nonspecific color development and lowered a reagent blank value, which was applied to an analytical reagent.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide systems and methods for “dye-to-order” carpet manufacturing that address deficiencies in the carpet manufacturing industry, some of which are discussed above. In one embodiment, an improved manufacturing system is provided that allows manufacturers to change colors “on the fly” (e.g., within a single roll) with minimal waste. In another embodiment, a dye-to-order processing system is provided that maps multiple orders to undyed carpet rolls such that usage of the undyed carpet rolls is optimized.

Abstract: Apparatus for performing optical readings on yarn spools subjected to dyeing in a dyeing tank or machine (1) in which a spool (6) provided with a pierced axial shaft (6A) is placed with the said shaft on the outlet of a feedpipe (IM) of a circuit that feeds a dyeing bath in the same tank or machine (1), so that the dyeing bath enters the dyeing tank or machine (1) passing by the feedpipe (IM) through the shaft (6A) and is subsequently collected through collecting conduit (IR) of the same feeding circuit.

Abstract: A textile dyeing process for dyeing cellulosic fibers and polyester and their respective blends with other fibers in recycled dyeing baths without carrying out any intermediate depuration treatment and using reactive and direct dyes for the cellulosic fibers and dispense dyes for polyester. The process recycles both the water already used in a previous dyeing cycle and all added products that have not been absorbed by the textile substrate, as well as the rest of the disperse dyes that had not been depleted in the previous dyeing cycles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for carrying out optical readings on textile materials submitted to dyeing.

Abstract: A graphic and/or message display system is described. The graphic and/or message display system functions to develop over a period of time a hidden graphic or message on an indicator panel or display area. The hidden graphic or message is revealed when an obscuring graphic reacts with a solvent to change color become at least substantially transparent. The graphic and/or message display system may be used as a stand-alone device or may be incorporated as part of various articles or products, for instance, as a positive reinforcement or a reminder to perform a task. Methods for using the graphic and/or message display system are also described.

Abstract: Suitable dyes are used herein to indicate the presence of microbial contamination by spraying them onto surfaces in the form of an aqueous solution. The dye solution may also be allowed to dry, thus producing the dried residue of an aqueous solution. It's believed that these dyes change color in response to a change in polarity of the environment. Since water is a polar solvent and most bacteria are made from non-polar substances, the presence of bacteria changes the polarity of the environment, triggering a change visible by the unaided eye.

Abstract: Apparatus for carrying out optical readings on textile materials submitted to dyeing comprising optical reading means associated with corresponding optical processing means, characterised in that said detecting means comprise two optical reading devices: a first reflectance reading device (1) which carries out optical detections on a specimen or sample of a textile material submitted to dyeing, and a second transmittance reading device (101) which carries out optical detections on the dyeing bath, being said reading devices connected to said processing means (20) to provide it with two different optical detection signals.

Abstract: A method of preparing colored products from edible materials comprises processing Genipa americana fruit juice, which contains genipin, genipin derivatives, or pre-genipin compounds, with other edible juices or extracts which contain nitrogenous compounds such as amino acids, polypeptides, or proteins. The generated natural colored products have excellent stability and can be used in a broad range of applications including beverages, foodstuffs, drugs, dietary supplements, cosmetics, personal care stuffs, and animal feeds.

Abstract: A method for dyeing a textile substrate, in particular for dyeing a textile substrate with reactive dyes, is described in which the textile substrate is brought in contact with a dyeing liquor containing at least one dye and after a predetermined dyeing time has elapsed, the dyed textile substrate is rinsed. The at least one dye which has not been fixed by the textile substrate and is present in the dyeing liquor is destroyed by a chemical and/or physical treatment to such an extent that the dyeing liquor is largely colourless hereafter, whereby the textile substrate being rinsed with the largely decolourised liquor. A device for carrying out the method comprises a vessel for receiving the textile substrate to be dyed and a circulation system for the dyeing liquor, where a reactor through which the dyeing liquor flows is assigned to the vessel and/or the circulation system and where inside the reactor the chemical and/or the physical treatment of the liquor to be decolourised is carried out.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide systems and methods for “dye-to-order” carpet manufacturing that address deficiencies in the carpet manufacturing industry, some of which are discussed above. In one embodiment, an improved manufacturing system is provided that allows manufacturers to change colors “on the fly” (e.g., within a single roll) with minimal waste. In another embodiment, a dye-to-order processing system is provided that maps multiple orders to undyed carpet rolls such that usage of the undyed carpet rolls is optimized.

Abstract: A hair roots coloring kit includes a plurality of kit components carried in a drawstring bag for mixing and applying standard hair coloring materials to the uncolored outgrown roots of a user's hair. One or more measuring devices such as a measuring cup, a syringe, or an eyedropper are used for measuring the hair coloring materials to produce a matching color to previously colored hair shafts of the hair. A reusable mixing bowl or a plurality of disposable mixing bowls hold the measured hair coloring materials. A reusable stirring stick or a plurality of disposable stirring sticks are provided for mixing together the measured hair coloring materials in the mixing bowl. An applicator brush is used for applying the mixed matching color of hair coloring composition to the uncolored hair roots. A pair of protective gloves are provided to protect the user's hands during application of the hair coloring composition to the hair roots. A cleaning brush is used to aid in cleaning the kit components following use.

Abstract: A disposable ophthalmic or medical apparatus has a portion with a color changeable dye disposed thereon. The dye changes color after being exposed to oxygen for a controlled and predetermined period of time indicating that the apparatus should no longer be used.

Abstract: Solvatochromic dyes are used herein to indicate the presence of bacteria by incorporating them into various substrates such as films, woven and nonwoven fabrics, paper towels, coform and airlaid materials and bonded carded webs. These dyes change color in response to a change in polarity of the environment. Since water is a polar solvent and most bacteria are made from non-polar substances, the presence of bacteria changes the polarity of the environment, triggering a change visible by the unaided eye. A lateral flow device incorporating solvatochromic dyes and a method of detecting bacteria are also included.

Abstract: It is intended to provide means of efficiently, economically and conveniently dyeing fibers or hair, bleaching pulp or fibers, removing phenol compounds from liquid wastes, degrading endocrine disruptors, producing phenolic resins, producing artificial lacquer coatings, improving wood qualities, etc. A culture of a strain belonging to the genus Flammulina; a culture originating in the above strain which is obtained by culturing the strain at a pH value exceeding 7 and has a phenol oxidase-like activity; a process for producing the culture; a dyeing method which comprises contacting a subject to be dyed with a dye in the presence of the above culture; and a dyeing composition containing the above culture.

Abstract: Copper complex monoazo dyes of general formula (V) and of general formula (VI) wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 and M are as described in the specification, are excellent magenta dyes for dyeing and printing of cellulose containing materials and textile materials and especially for the preparation of inks for ink jet printing.

Abstract: A process for making multi-colored fabrics from a single dye formula is described. The process involves providing a substrate including synthetic fibers, with the substrate having defined regions where the synthetic fibers have differing levels of fiber orientation, and dyeing the substrate with a dye bath containing at least one dye from at least two of the categories of a) high contrast dyes, 2) medium contrast dyes and c) low contrast dyes, to thereby produce a multi-colored substrate from a single dye formula. The substrates are characterized by having a base of a first color and patterned regions of a different color, with the regions of different colors corresponding to regions of different levels of fiber orientation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for plain dyeing a textile web of fabric by means of a padding mangle. The squeezing force distribution between the rollers of the padding mangles is controlled according to the dye distribution in the web of fabric which is still provided with the initial humidity on the output of the padding mangle, whereby the dye distribution is measured on certain points by means of a dye measuring appliance. Measuring the dye of the humid web of fabric is simplified and the measured result is improved when a dye receiver is used as the dye measuring device, whereby the receiver separately detects the radiation of a white light source according to pure dyes, the radiation being reflected on the web of fabric in a diffuse manner.

Abstract: A process for continuously impregnating a textile substrate involving: (a) providing an impregnating compartment through which the textile substrate is passed; (b) providing an impregnating liquor present in the impregnating compartment, the impregnating liquor containing: (i) lye; and (ii) an oxidative bleaching agent; (c) providing a bypass member for redirecting fluid; (d) branching off a portion of the impregnating liquor from the impregnating compartment, thus forming a branched off portion of impregnating liquor; (e) heating the branched off portion of impregnating liquor to form a heated branched off portion of impregnating liquor; (f) providing a filtration unit; (g) filtering the heated branched off portion of impregnating liquor through the filtration unit to form a filtered impregnating liquor; and (h) delivering the filtered impregnating liquor to at least one sensor used for determining the concentration of the impregnating liquor.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel hair composition, method and system for preventing color loss from dyed hair. The method of decreasing color loss from dyed hair includes a composition having a halogenated compound in an amount effective to decrease such color loss.

Abstract: An intensely colored transparent and/or translucent paper has chroma c and brightness L, as measured by a Hunterlab instrument, which measures the Cartesian coordinates a, b, L of a point P of color and its polar coordinates H and c. The paper is such that the ratio of c to L is higher than 30%, preferably higher than 50%. The paper contains a colorant in the stock, preferably 5 to 10% by weight of liquid coloring agent in relation to the weight of the finished paper. The colorant is a coloring agent which fixes directly in the cellulose. The paper is suitable for printing and/or writing.

Abstract: An on-line color monitoring and control system and method includes feeding of colorant in a given amount or ratio in order to achieve a desired color of a product. The system and method described here achieve reliable on-line color control of synthetic fibers, single moving yarn (or fiber) or a collection of moving fibers. The color characteristic of the product is sensed and processed to generate a control signal for adjusting the amount of colorant being fed. Color measurement takes place either prior to or after spooling of the product.

Abstract: A card, generally rectangular, for maintains a material in a fixed position is dimensioned to interact with the holding plate for use with a spectrophotometer. A pair of polygon windows within the card are aligned with the window of the holding plate which aligns with the window of the spectrophotometer. The card can be sealed to secure itself when folded and retain the material overlaying the window within the folded card. A fabric recess preferable encompasses one of the windows and a fabric adhesive, preferably releasable, maintains the fabric swatch in position. The fabric adhesive can be placed within the fabric recess or encompassing an opposing window. The cards are stored within a pocketed holder having pockets dimensioned to individually store multiple cards on a sheet. The holding plate is dimensioned to be received and affixed to a spectrophotometer. A slot, open at one end of the holding plate, retains the cards.

Abstract: An on-line color monitoring and control system and method includes feeding of colorant in a given amount or ratio in order to achieve a desired color of a product. The system and method described here achieve reliable on-line color control of synthetic fibers, single moving yarn (or fiber) or a collection of moving fibers. The color characteristic of the product is sensed and processed to generate a control signal for adjusting the amount of colorant being fed. Color measurement takes place either prior to or after spooling of the product.

Abstract: A method and system is disclosed for producing localized abraded, faded and worn finishing effects on a garment by applying a finishing pattern to its component pre-cut, individual fabric workpieces before assembly by sewing. An optical detection system that contains at least one video camera operatively connected to a controller is used to capture an electronic image of a fabric workpiece which is compared to a set of stored known images contained in memory accessible by the controller. Once the workpiece is identified, the controller locates in memory a finishing pattern to be applied to the workpiece. The workpiece can be secured if necessary to a work surface, and a mechanical or electronic device used to duplicate the abraded, faded and worn pattern on the workpiece. After the finishing pattern has been applied, the workpiece can be released and moved downstream for further processing and sewing into a completed garment.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an isolated enzyme exhibiting cellulolytic (endoglucanase) activity at alkaline pH, an enzyme composition comprising the enzyme, a DNA construct encoding the enzyme, methods for producing the enzyme or enzyme composition, a detergent composition comprising the enzyme, and methods for using the enzyme in, e.g., providing localized variation in the color density of dyed fabric, improving the drainage of an aqueous suspension of paper pulp, and de-inking of recycled paper.

Abstract: The present invention is a fully automated modified batch dyeing process that provides a process that reduces water consumption, reduces environmental pollution, and reduces the energy and chemical consumption of the conventional batch dyeing process through efficient reuse of spent dyebath. The invention provides a holding tank which stores the spent dyebath, and an analysis system which allows for the analysis of the dyebath in the holding tank so that the dyebath may be reconstituted and used in the batch dyeing process.

Abstract: An improved method of dyeing a polyolefin material, and preferably a polypropylene based fiber, involves a disperse dye mix including a selected plurality of disperse dyes from the same primary color group. Each dye within the mix and the concentration of each dye within the mix is selected by testing individual disperse dye solutions with an undyed sample and determining the maximum dye concentration which will produce an acceptable crocking test for that dye. A plurality of disperse dyes within the mix are each at a concentration of at least 75% of the maximum dye concentration for that individual dye. The selected dye mix is used to prepare a disperse dye mix solution which is then contacted with the polyolefin material to reliably dye the material without fastness problems. A red dye mix, a blue dye mix, and the yellow dye mix may each be prepared and may each be separately used to dye polypropylene fibers with relatively dark shade without crocking problems.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method for deciding dyeing parameters for dyeing lenses in a dye bath consisting of mixed system of three colors, the parameters including dye concentrations and dyeing time, which method comprises deciding the dyeing parameters based on relation of minute color difference of colored lenses represented in a uniform color space coordinate system with minute difference of dye concentration for each color and minute difference of immersion time in the dye bath and a method for producing colored lenses wherein lenses are dyed by using dyeing parameters obtained by said method. The method of the present invention enables easier and more accurate decision of dye concentrations of dye bath and dyeing time for dyeing lenses, in particular, plastic lenses, which are used for obtaining lenses in a target color.

Abstract: A process for the dyeing of a fibrous article utilizing closed-loop metered dosing of one or more dyes and one or more chemicals that are adjusted in real time as a function of selected monitored parameters of the dyeing bath. The process includes immersing the fibrous article in a heated liquid bath of a solvent medium for the dye wherein the bath has a predetermined pH. Acid is added to the dyeing bath to reduce the pH according to a predetermined profile that is responsive to real-time measurements of dyeing bath pH. Dye is also added to the dyeing bath during dyeing as a liquid concentrate and responsive to real-time calculations of dye uptake by the fibrous article. Dye uptake is calculated periodically by determining in real time during dyeing (1) the solution concentration of the dye in the dyeing bath and (2) the amount of the dye added to the dyeing bath, and then calculating the uptake of dye by the fibrous article therefrom.

Abstract: Image analysis method for determining pigment levels in fabric and yarn material. A sample fabric or yarn is illuminated by a source of visible light and a selected field area of the material is recorded then digitalized and stored in a video memory device. The digitalized field area is resolved into discrete segments or pixels having different intensity or gray level values. A frequency distribution in the form of a histogram of gray level values is plotted, and the resulting histogram is interpreted to determine pigment levels in the material sample.

Abstract: A compound of the formula I ##STR1## in which D is a diazo component,K is an aromatic group of formula a, b or c, ##STR2## Y is C.sub.2-3 alkylene and the remaining symbols are as defined in the specification. These compounds are useful for dyeing or printing textile substrates based on synthetic or semisynthetic, hydrophobic, high molecular weight organic materials. Preferably, the textile substrate is made from a linear aromatic polyester, cellulose 21/2 acetate or cellulose tri-acetate. The dyeings and prints obtained show good all round fastness properties such as good thermomigration properties, lightfastness, thermofixation, blistering properties as well as good wet fastness properties, especially after thermal fixation.

Abstract: A process for the dyeing of a fibrous article containing wool with an anionic dye and products processed thereby. The process includes immersing the article in a dyeing bath of a liquid solvent for the anionic dye. The liquid solvent and the article are heated to a temperature at least equal to the dyeing transition temperature. At least a portion of the dye is added as a miscible liquid concentrate while the solvent and the article are up to temperature. Stirring of the bath during the dye addition period and while the solvent and article are up to temperature is done to mix the dye concentrate with the solvent to form a dilute dye solution and to provide a flow of the dilute dye solution relative to the article to cause, on the average, essentially uniform dye transport of the anionic dye to the article. The dye addition rate is adjusted so that the dye addition rate is the primary control over the rate of dye uptake by the article.

Abstract: A color matching and lens dyeing apparatus and method in which a color is chosen, the color is converted to a numerical value on the basis of its transmissivity at different wavelengths of light and the transmissivity is converted into a lens dyeing prescription. The numerically determined information on the desired color is processed by a computer to obtain the proper compound ratios, dye baths and dyeing times. A set of standard dye baths are prepared and lenses are dyed therein. The dyed lenses are measured for transmissivity at different wavelengths and the transmissivity data is stored in a computer. To prepare a dying prescription, a target set of transmissivity characteristivity is selected and the transmissivity data of the standard dye baths is combined to obtain a dyeing prescription to obtain a dyed lens having the same transmissivity characteristics as the target.

Abstract: A process for the dyeing of a fibrous article containing fibers of a polyamide polymer with at least one anionic dye. The process includes immersing the article in a liquid dyeing bath of a substantially nonaqueous solvent medium and heating to a temperature at least equal to the dyeing transition temperature of the fiber. The anionic dye is added to the dyeing bath so that the rate of dye addition is the primary control over the rate of dye uptake by the article.

Abstract: A process for the dyeing of a fibrous article containing fibers of a polyamide polymer with an anionic dye and dyed products made by the process. The process includes immersing the article in a dyeing bath of a liquid solvent for the anionic dye. The liquid solvent and the article are heated to a temperature at least equal to the dyeing transition temperature of the fiber of polyamide polymer. The anionic dye is added to the dyeing bath as a miscible liquid concentrate at a dye addition rate during a controlled dye addition period. At least a portion of the dye is added while the solvent and the article are at a temperature at least equal to the dyeing transition temperature.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for dyeing cellulosic fibre materials with vat dyes, which comprises adding to the dyebath all or some of the auxiliary chemicals required for the dyeing process, and subsequently, after a pretratment time, adding the vat dye or its leuco form with the aid of a metering device to the dyebath, and dyeing the fiber materials by optionally increasing the temperature of the dyebath.Level dyeings are obtained with the novel process, the cellulosic material having a perfectly level appearance as well as good light- and wetfastness properties.

Abstract: In an existing isothermal dyeing process, the alkali required for dye fixation is added to the neutral dyebath under linear or progressive program control. In this process, the amount of alkali added per unit time is small at the beginning and is increased progressively and in accordance with a program. This process passes through a certain (non-controlable) initial phase until the start of dye fixation on the cellulose. As a consequence the rate of fixation passes through a maximum before gradually decreasing when the final state of the dyeing is reached. To shorten the initial phase (waiting time) of dye fixation and to slow down dye fixation during the steepest part, it has proved advantageous according to the invention to add the alkali in accordance with a parabolic program.

Abstract: The coloring or tinting of paper is achieved during the paper making process by adding at least one of only the three primary color dyes to a base furnish. The coloring or tinting provides a tighter control for any shade of white paper while maintaining maximum brightness and opacity. The control is obtained at a reduced cost compared to the use of fillers. The method comprises the steps of selecting a set of optical properties for a required paper representing luminosity value (L), red to green color difference value (a), and yellow to blue color difference value (b), measuring the L, a and b values of a base furnish, determining the deviations between the selected values and the measured values and adding at least one of only the three primary color dyes, yellow, red and blue, to the base furnish to achieve the selected set of optical properties for the required paper.

Abstract: Method for dyeing of cellulose fibers by means of reactive dyeing agents according to the exhaust method. According to the present method one adds the alkali necessary for the fixation of the dyeing agent continuously or substantially continuously over a predetermined time interval so, that an adding process with predetermined progression is not brought to the end, but after a predetermined time is followed by an addition process with a different progression.

Abstract: The stack reflectance is predicted from an on-line, wavelength dependent measurement of the sheet reflectance and the on-line measurement of the sheet opacity at a wavelength interval. The stack reflectance Rst is then used to predict and/or control stack color, preferably by using the parameter K/S=(1-Rst.sup.2)/2 Rst where K is the dye absorption coefficient and S is the dye scattering coefficient.

Abstract: Continuous process for dyeing a textile thread by impregnation under pressure, followed by fluid extraction. The dye solution is applied to the thread in an impregnation enclosure, the thread then passes into a fluid extraction enclosure under which liquid is recovered to regenerate it and reuse it as dye. A regeneration enclosure is connected to an automatic color analyzer and to a calculation unit controlling the dosing apparatus for colorants.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and to apparatus for influencing the colour appearance of a coloured area made up of at least three chromatic separation colours in a printing process, on the basis of densitometric or colorimetric measurements, in which the inking is influenced as a matter of priority in at most two chromatic separation colours as a function of the coloured proportion of a sum vector which is determined starting from density value differences or colorimetric difference values in a colour space and broken down into a grey proportion which only affects brightness and a coloured proporation relating to at most two chromatic separation colours. In this way an improved and in particular faster influence on a colour appearance of the coloured area is achieved in a printing process.

Abstract: Water-soluble, amide group containing polymers such as polyacrylamide are modified, to render them easy to detect, by reacting the polymer in aqueous solution with organic dye molecules which can form stable carbo-cations reversibly in water. The labelled polymers can then be detected spectrophotometrically. An example of a suitable dye molecule is 9-xanthydrol.