Abstract: The dyeing of wool with reactive dyes in a strongly acid medium (containing sulfuric acid) requires no longer acceptable, long heating-up times (50-60 minutes) in order to obtain level dyeings. It has now been found, according to the invention, that by rapidly heating up the dyebath which contains the dyes of the vinylsulfonyl type and also all the ingredients, except the acid, to the dyeing temperature together with the material to be dyed and then metering in the sulfuric acid under isothermal conditions at the dyeing temperature it is possible to obtain very level and very fast dyeings in a significantly shorter overall dyeing time. Carbonized wool can be dyed without prior neutralization.

Abstract: The level dyeing of wool with reactive dyes and simultaneous endeavors to shorten the dyeing process appear to be incompatible. It has now been found, according to the invention, that in the course of the exhaustion process it is possible through metered addition of the acid required for fixation over a prolonged period to the dyebath which is already at the dyeing temperature and contains no acidic fixing agent to obtain a shortening in the total treatment time while at the same time safeguarding the levelness of the dyeings.

Abstract: A method for determining key yarn properties such as modification ratio and MBB dye uptake rate by measuring yarn bundle filament velocities near the spinneret as they are melt spun. The average filament velocities only are used to determine yarn properties from a calibration curve of yarn properties versus average filament velocity.

Abstract: A process is described for dyeing hydrophobic fibre material with unfinished disperse dyes from an aqueous liquor, which comprises dissolving one or more such dyes in water at a temperature of 50.degree. to 150.degree. C. by means of a surfactant or surfactant mixture with a hydrotroping or solubilizing action on disperse dyes, bringing the dye solution together with the substrate in a dyeing apparatus, then heating the dyeing liquor to the dyeing temperature and completing the dyeing at that temperature and then removing the substrate and restoring the exhausted dyeing liquor to the original composition by adding water, surfactant and dye and using it again for dyeing.

Abstract: The dust producing properties of a pigment or dye are measured under conditions which close approximate those during handling. A vessel with baffles having pigment or dye therein is rotated for a specified time while air is drawn through the rotating vessel by a specified amount of vacuum applied downstream of the vessel. The baffles disturb the pigment or dye in the vessel, creating dust particles which are entrained in an airstream created by the vacuum. Larger particles trapped in this vacuum are removed by a separator, while the dust particles are trapped in the airstream are trapped by a filter. The dusting properties of the pigment or dye in the vessel may then be determined by weighing the filter.

Abstract: A method of dyeing textile materials of polycapronamide, enabling low temperature dyeing conditions and process duration times which do not exceed the art standards, is characterized by the following combined features: (a) use of at least two discrete combinations of dyestuffs, which show different kinetic behaviors from each other; (b) maintenance of an alkaline pH at tapering values, in the extreme down to neutral; (c) use of exclusively anionic dyeing aids; and (d) maintenance through the various method steps of a maximum temperature as high as 60.degree. C., preferably as 40.degree. C.Perfectly uniform dyeing is achieved through the utilization of conventional apparata and dyeing method procedures.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for dyeing hydrophobic fibre material under HT conditions with unformulated disperse dyes from an aqueous liquor, which process comprises dissolving one or more such dyes in water, in the temperature range from 70.degree. to 100.degree. C., with a surfactant or mixture of surfactants which has a hydrotropic action on disperse dyes, feeding the dye solution into a dyeing apparatus which contains water heated to 70.degree. to 100.degree. C. and substrate, and subsequently heating the dye liquor to dyeing temperature, or dissolving the dye at a temperature of over 100.degree. C. under pressure by means of the surfactant or mixture of surfactants which has a hydrotropic action on the dye, feeding the solution into a closed dyeing apparatus which contains water heated to 100.degree. to 150.degree. C. and substrate, and, in both cases, carrying out dyeing in the temperature range from 120.degree. to 150.degree. C. with constant circulation of the dye liquor.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the exhaust dyeing with a reactive dyestuff of a textile material comprising cellulosic fibres, which process comprises the step of adding to the dyebath containing the reactive dyestuff, simultaneously the salt and the alkali in specified quantities metered per unit time so as to give a substantially linear exhaustion of the dyebath.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for exhaust dyeing a textile fibre substrate to obtain level dyeings, which process comprises the step of adding to the dyebath the effective amount of dyestuff or electrolyte or dyestuff and electrolyte either simultaneously or one after the other in specified quantities per cycle of the dyeing machine, metered according to a mathematical function.

Abstract: A method for dyeing polyester fiber materials is disclosed, comprising conducting combination dyeing by a combination of disperse dyes each capable of making up for the color fading of other disperse dye produced upon exposure to sunlight, by the color change thereof in hue caused upon the exposure to sunlight under the same condition.

Abstract: A method for measuring the color difference between a sample dye and a standard dye by testing the color properties of both dyes, which comprises measuring the distribution curve of absorbance of individual components of the dye; determining the relationship between the color difference of dye solution and the color difference of dyeings with respect to the standard dye and representative samples arbitrarily selected plural lots of dyes; and predicting the color difference of dyeings from the color difference of solution between the standard dye and the sample dye.

Abstract: A process for the continuous dyeing of fabric webs, in which the fabric web is impregnated at a temperature between 20.degree. and 95.degree. C. with an aqueous liquor which contains dissolved and/or dispersed dyestuffs and squeezed, and the dyestuffs are fixed in a steam/air mixture, which comprises fixing the dyestuff without the impregnated fabric having been dried at an intermediate stage, keeping the dry temperature of the steam/air mixture between 110.degree. and 140.degree. C., adjusting the steam content of the steam air mixture in such a way that the wet temperature of the moist fabric web is between 50.degree. and 95.degree. C., and fixing the dyestuffs for at least 20 seconds.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of rapid dyeing a substrate comprising polyester fibres at a temperature above 100.degree. C. comprising bringing into contact with the substrate an aqueous dyebath containing a mixture of at least two disperse dyes having each individually specific physicochemical properties.

Abstract: A method is disclosed of pretreating a plurality of high temperature heat set yarn bundles, e.g. polyester, that have different heat histories but are otherwise identical, to enable said yarns to be dyed uniformly. The method comprises measuring the pre-melt crystallization temperature of each polyester yarn bundle and thereafter heat treating each yarn bundle at a uniform temperature that is at least the same as or higher than the highest measured pre-melt crystallization temperature. Also disclosed are a method of uniformly dyeing polyester yarn bundles that are treated in a plurality of high temperature heat setting units and a method of determining the evenness of the internal temperature of high temperature heat setting apparatus.

Abstract: Process for dyeing cellulose fibres and textile materials containing cellulose fibres with water-soluble reactive dyestuffs by the exhaustion method, characterized in that it is carried out using dye liquors, the particular fibre-reactive reactive dyestuff content of which is less than 10% of the total content of fixed dyestuff in the end dyeing.