Abstract: The present invention provides a fluorescent dye that incorporates a pentavalent phosphorus or arsenic into its ring structure. Also provided is a fluorescence energy transfer system that comprises the above fluorescent dye and a second dye, where the second dye is capable of energy transfer with the fluorescent dye. Additionally provided is a kit for labeling a target molecule. In further embodiments, another kit for labeling a target molecule is provided. A target molecule labeled with the above-described fluorescent dye is also provided. In additional embodiments, methods of labeling a target molecule are provided.

Abstract: A progressive hair dyeing composition which comprises the following ingredients: (a) from 0.1 to 5 wt % of a bismuth salt; (b) from 0.1 to 5 wt % of a thiosulfate compound; (c) from 1 to 20 wt % of a delta-valerolactam; (d) from 0.25 to 2.5 wt % of an alkaline agent; (e) from 0 to 5 wt % of elemental sulfur; and (e) from 50 to 90 wt % of water.

Abstract: A clear, aqueous, shelf-stable progressive hair coloring composition includes a salt of a metal, a soluble source of sulfur, an amphoteric surfactant and a pH controller that controls the pH of the composition to be within the range of about 7.5 to about 11.0. Preferred metallic salts are salts of lead or bismuth and the preferred sulfur source is sodium thiosufate.

Abstract: Artificial leather and a dyeing method therefor; the leather includes ultrafine polyamide fibers and is particularly a grained artificial leather having bright, deep color, good color fastness to dry cleaning with charged soap, a delicate touch free from any undesirable rubber-like feeling, as well as high durability.A super-entangled fiber base is provided comprising ultrafine polyamide fibers and/or bundles thereof; polyurethane including polyoxyethylene of molecular weight of 500-5,000 is applied. The polyamide ultrafine fibers are dyed with a metal-dye complex and a fixing agent.

Abstract: A hair dyeing composition comprising a water-soluble metal salt complex and a sulfur-containing reducing compound is described. In the composition, the metal salt complex is a water-insoluble bismuth salt of an alpha-hydroxy, polycarboxylic acid with a nitrogen-containing solubilizing agent.