Abstract: A process for improving the fastness properties of a sulphur dyestuff on a substrate comprising hydroxy group-containing fibres by applying to the dyed or printed substrate the reaction product (R) of(A) the product of reacting a mono- or polyfunctional primary or secondary amine with cyanamide, dicyanodiamide, guanidine or bi-guanidine; said product containing reactive hydrogen atoms bound to nitrogen, and(B) an N-methylol derivative of a urea, melamine, guanamine, triazinone, urone, carbamate or acid amidein the presence of (C) a catalyst for the crosslinking of N-methylol compounds of the type (B) above, and subsequently carrying out a heat-curing step.These compounds are useful for the aftertreatment of textile material.

Abstract: A cationic compound of the formula [I] below is used for improving the dyeing properties of a textile material by treating therewith the textile material before or after dyeing with an anionic dye. ##STR1## wherein A is a group of the formula [II]: ##STR2## wherein p and q are an integer of 1 to 8, n is an integer of 0 to 2, X is halogen, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are (C1-4) alkyl, OH-- or cyano-substituent-having (C1-4) alkyl or (C1-4) alkenyl, and Q.sub.1, Q.sub.2 and Q.sub.3 are: ##STR3## in which Y is halogen.

Abstract: Textile cellulose material is dyed or in particular printed with vat dyes by applying to the cellulose material in the absence of air a foamed aqueous preparation which, in addition to the dye, alkalis, reducing agent, foam-forming agent, preferably also contains a homopolymer or copolymer of acrylamide or methacrylamide or in particular a graft polymer which is obtained from an adduct of an alkylene oxide, preferably propylene oxide, on an at least trihydric aliphatic alcohol, for example glycerol, and acrylamide or methacrylamide.The dyed or printed cellulose material is if desired subjected to a heat treatment, for example steaming, and is then oxidized to develop the color.The use of the foamed preparations makes it possible to obtain deep level dyeings and crisp prints without the use of thickeners; at the same time the textile materials thus obtained have excellent handle.

Abstract: A naphthalene derivative having the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R represents hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an R.sup.1 O (CH.sub.2).sub.n group, or a benzyl group, R.sup.1 represents hydrogen or a lower alkyl group, and n represents an integer of 2 or 3.This compound in the leuco state can be stably isolated and can produce a strong and fast color upon oxidation under moderate conditions. This compound can be advantageously included in a hair dye composition, which is capable of stably and safely dyeing hair with a good and stable color under moderate conditions.

Abstract: The invention describes a process for the preparation of granular dye formulations by melt granulation, using a polyethylene glycol as melt vehicle. The essential feature of the invention is that a start is made from the dye which contains water, for example from the aqueous filter cake or synthesis solution, and adjusting the moisture content of the granular formulations to 1 to 30% by partial evaporation of water from the dye/polyethylene glycol melt.

Abstract: The invention relates to solid formulations of dyes which are insoluble or sparingly soluble in water, which formulations contain a dialkyl sulfosuccinate having 3 to 8 carbon atoms in each alkyl moiety, or a C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 alkylnaphthalenesulfonate and/or a branched or unbranched acetylene glycol containing 8 to 20 carbon atoms, in addition to the dye and one or more anionic dispersants, optionally together with further auxiliaries conventionally employed in powdered formulations.These formulations are characterized by very good wettability, excellent dispersibility and good redispersibility. The dyebaths and padding liquors prepared with these formulation are non-foaming or only low foaming and are in addition stably disperse. They are suitable for dyeing and printing natural and synthetic fibres.

Abstract: Guar and xanthan gums are used as additives to sodium dithionite aqueous solutions for enhancing the stability of such solutions when in contact with air and used for vat dyeing of textiles and bleaching. The gums are added at levels of 0.1-0.2% by wt. and preferably at 0.15% by wt. of the solution. The stability of these polymeric-containing bleaching solutions is enhanced by more than 100-200%.

Abstract: Improved dyestuff compositions are disclosed herein comprising, as dispersants, sulfonated lignins prepared by selectively isolating lignins having molecular weights greater than 5,000 and subsequently reacting the lignin with sodium sulfite and an aldehyde.

Abstract: Vat dyes which dye cellulosic material in a grey or black shade of good fastness properties are obtained by brominating dibenzanthrone in 80-100% sulfuric acid to a bromine content of 24 to 32%, and reacting the bromination product with 1-aminoanthraquinone.

Abstract: A process for preparing sulfonated lignins suitable for use as dispersants and additives in dye compositions wherein sulfonated lignins are post-sulfonation crosslinked with a crosslinking agent of the aldehyde, epoxide, or polyhalide type at a pH range of between about 6.1 to 9 to selectively crosslink low molecular weight sizes of the sulfonated lignins to provide improved heat stability and dispersibility of the sulfonated lignins in dye compositions. The invention also concerns disperse and vat dye compositions, and printing gels, containing the sulfonated lignins as a dispersing agent or additive.

Abstract: Specific vatting accelerators according to claims 1 and 2 are described. These can be added to a vat dye or sulfur dye composition, or to a dye bath or printing paste containing a vat dye or sulfur dye, by virtue of which an improvement of dye yield, particularly on cellulose materials, is obtained.

Abstract: Dyed fibrous materials made of or containing cellulose which were not bleached before dyeing are aftertreated in a combined bleaching and washing bath which can, optionally, contain as stabilizers derivatives of phosphonic or phosphorous acid, optionally as a combination with polyhydroxy compounds. The resulting materials have bright and brilliant shades.This aftertreatment makes it possible to by-pass the otherwise customary, time-consuming and expensive drying of the materials between a bleach before dyeing and the dyeing itself.

Abstract: The invention relates to dyestuff granulates which comprise at least one water-insoluble dye, an anionic dispersant and optionally other auxiliaries, which granulates contain as essential component at least one amphoteric surfactant. Such granulates have, inter alia, excellent cold water dispersibility and good wettability. They are used for preparing dyebaths, padding liquors or printing pastes for dyeing and printing textile material.

Abstract: Solid dyestuff formulations having excellent dyebath stability are obtained in an economical manner by mixing a water-insoluble textile dyestuff with a dispersant and a carboxyl-containing copolymer of(a) an .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acid,(b) a non-basic ester of an .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acid, and(c) an unsaturated aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon or acrylonitrile,bead-milling the mixture down to a particle size of, preferably, 1-2.mu., and then spray-drying the ground mixture. If desired the dispersant can also be added during the synthesis of the dyestuff, as a consequence of which early addition the milling process can be dispensed with.

Abstract: Disclosed is mass-dyed polyester comprising, as dyestuff, a compound or mixture of compounds of formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a direct bond, --CONH-- or --NHCO--, R.sub.2 is alkyl, phenyl or naphthyl, optionally substituted or cyano, provided that R.sub.1 is a direct bond when R.sub.2 is cyano, and R.sub.3 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, alkoxy-C.sub.1-3 -carbonyl or --CH.dbd.CH--CH.dbd.CH-- bound in the 1,2-position.

Abstract: A uniformly colored shaped article which is resistant to discoloration and fading can be produced by immersing a shaped article, particularly a contact lens, consisting of a polymer of at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of acrylates and methacrylates in a dyeing solution prepared by dissolving a water-soluble dye in a solvent capable of swelling said polymer, to swell and color the shaped article, and then drying the swollen shaped article.

Abstract: Dispersants, especially well suited for use with insoluble dyes, are produced by reacting hydroxyl benzyl alcohol compounds with sulfonated lignin derivatives. The dispersants have high levels of heat stability, coupled with desirable dye reduction, staining, foaming, milling and viscosity-reducing properties. Dyestuffs, dye pastes and dye baths, as well as methods utilizing them, are provided.

Abstract: An acidic, aqueous oxidant including ionized bromate, iodate and a soluble vanadium-containing material.

Abstract: A process for the continuous dyeing of fabric webs, in which the fabric web is impregnated at a temperature between 20.degree. and 95.degree. C. with an aqueous liquor which contains dissolved and/or dispersed dyestuffs and squeezed, and the dyestuffs are fixed in a steam/air mixture, which comprises fixing the dyestuff without the impregnated fabric having been dried at an intermediate stage, keeping the dry temperature of the steam/air mixture between 110.degree. and 140.degree. C., adjusting the steam content of the steam air mixture in such a way that the wet temperature of the moist fabric web is between 50.degree. and 95.degree. C., and fixing the dyestuffs for at least 20 seconds.

Abstract: The simultaneous oxidation and fixation are effected in the presence of a stable aqueous composition comprising an oxidation agent selected among the iodates and bromates of alkaline metals and a fixation agent selected among thermo-hardenable cationic resins.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of storage stable compositions of sparingly soluble or water-insoluble colorants, which process comprises mixing an aqueous suspension of at least one sparingly soluble or water-insoluble colorant with at least one surface-active substance, subjecting the mixture to ultrafiltration through an asymmetrical membrane which contains ionic groups and has a pore diameter of 1 to 500 .ANG. and a cut-off level in the molecular weight range from 300 to 500, subsequently subjecting the resultant concentrate to wet grinding and, if desired, drying, in particular spray drying the dispersion so obtained. The colorant compositions are particularly suitable for preparing padding liquors, dyebaths and printing pastes for coloring and printing textile materials, especially those made from cellulose and synthetic polyester.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of water-soluble compounds obtained by esterifying alkylene oxide adducts on alcohols having 10 to 24 C atoms with carboxylic acids having up to 22 C atoms and carrying 1 to 6 carboxyl groups as preparation agents for dyestuffs which are insoluble to sparingly soluble in water and preparations which contain a dyestuff having a particle size of less than about 5 .mu.m and one of the preparation agents mentioned.

Abstract: Oxidation of dyeings with reduced vat and sulfur dyes, is accomplished in an improved manner with sodium chlorite under acid conditions of preferably pH 4.5-6 at 30.degree.-65.degree. C. in the presence of chelating agents which prevent the release of chlorine or chlorine compounds, such chelating agents being selected from derivatives of amino carboxylic acids, such as EDTA, and hydroxyalkane phosphonic acids.

Abstract: Dispersants, especially well suited for use with insoluble dyes, are produced by reacting hydroxyl benzyl alcohol compounds with sulfonated lignin derivatives. The dispersants have high levels of heat stability, coupled with desirable dye reduction, staining, foaming, milling and viscosity-reducing properties. Dyestuffs, dye pastes and dye baths, as well as methods utilizing them, are provided.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for preparing sulfonated lignins processing a low viscosity which comprises pretreating a lignin with sodium dithionate and subsequently reacting the pretreated lignin with sodium sulfite and an aldehyde. The resulting sulfonated lignins are useful as dispersants for disperse dyes and vat dyes.

Abstract: Water-soluble compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein A is an aryl radical, X represents identical or different groups of the formula --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 -- and --CH.sub.2 --CH(CH.sub.3)--, R--CO-- denotes identical or different radicals of a carboxylic acid having up to 22 C atoms, n represents identical or different numbers from 8 to 150, p is a number from 1 to 10 and m represents 0 up to (p-0.5), are suitable for the preparation of colorants, particularly disperse dyestuffs or vat dyestuffs.

Abstract: A vat dye obtained by heating a condensation product, which itself has been prepared by heating 3,9-di-(1-anthraquinonylamino)-benz[d,e]anthrone in an aluminum chloride/picoline or aluminum chloride/quinoline melt in the presence of sulfuryl chloride or thionyl chloride, in a melt of an alkali metal hydroxide in an alcohol or glycol or aqueous glycol.The dye gives deep clear brown dyeings having good fastness characteristics.

Abstract: An acidic, aqueous oxidant including ionized bromate, iodate and a soluble molybdenum-containing material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the oxidation of sulphur dyes, particularly when they are incorporated in natural or regenerated cellulose textile fibres such as cotton, which employs an alternative oxidant to the ecologically undesirable dichromate now used. The process employs two steps, in the first of which the sulphur dyed textile is contacted with dilute hydrogen peroxide, very conveniently having a pH of 3-5 and at a temperature of from 40-80.degree. C. and in the second step, the textile is then contacted with a dilute solution of activator often ferric sulphate, preferably at pH 3-4 and from 0.1 to 1.0 g/l activator concentration. The process can be effected with relatively minor alteration or addition to existing equipment.

Abstract: A padding auxiliary is used in a dyeing process using a padding liquor wherein the padding auxiliary is an aqueous solution or dispersion containing(a) 20 to 50 percent by weight of a mixture of 50 to 100 percent by weight of a compound of the following formula ##STR1## and 50 to 0 percent by weight of a compound of the following formula ##STR2## (b) b percent by weight of a compound of the formula ##STR3## and (c) c percent by weight of a compound of the formula ##STR4## wherein b is a number from 0 to 5, c is a number from 0 to 5 and the numbers for b and c are chosen such that the sum of the numbers for b and c is a number from 1 to 10;R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently an aliphatic moiety with 5 to 12 carbon atoms or an araliphatic moiety with 7 to 13 carbon atoms;X.sym., Y.sym. and Z.sym. is each independently an alkali metal cation, ammonium cation or a cation of an alkylamine or hydroxyalkylamine wherein the alkyl has 1-12 carbon atoms;R.sup.

Abstract: Aqueous dye preparations having a migration-regulating action and containing at least one dye insoluble in water, a dispersing agent and at least one further additive, which preparations are characterized in that they contain at least one water-soluble polymerization product containing carboxyl groups.

Abstract: Water-soluble surface-active esters of di- to hexa-hydric aliphatic alcohols which have been reacted with propylene oxide and/or ethylene oxide and thereafter with at least two moles of a carboxylic acid of up to 22 carbon atoms are useful for dyestuff preparations. These preparations have good flow properties even with high dyestuff concentrations and low contents of said esters and optionally other surfactants and can be used in dyeing and printing procedures, especially in printing pastes for printing transfer sheets.

Abstract: An improved sodium hydrosulfite dye reducing composition is described for reducing vat or sulfur dye in aqueous dye bath solutions, comprised of sodium dithionite, at least 1 percent sodium sulfite by weight of sodium dithionite, and stabilized by alkali metal hydroxide, the improvement characterized by including in this composition an effective surface crust inhibiting amount of an anionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of alkyl sulfates, alkyl aryl phosphate esters, N-acyl-N-alkyl taurates, .alpha.-olefin sulfonates, alkyl aryl disulfonates, dodecylated oxydibenzene sulfonates, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Process for the production of granular mixtures of vat dyestuffs and/or disperse dyestuffs, characterized in that liquid or pasty, finished formulations of two or more vat dyestuffs and/or disperse dyestuffs are spray-dried together to form granules.

Abstract: Polyester fiber materials are colored by contacting them with aqueous compositions containing an organic pigment or a vat dyestuff or both and an oxpropylate of a mono- to hexahydric alkanol of 2 to 6 carbon atoms (containing 20 to 60 propylene oxide units) and fixing in a manner which is common for polyester. The colorations are fast to migration, especially to bleeding into PVC-coatings.

Abstract: A dyeing process for improving the levelness of cellulose dyeings with vat dyes or anionic dyes and for preventing creases in the dyed goods, wherein the process according to the invention comprises dyeing the cellulose fiber material in the presence of a polypropylene oxide adduct, or a salt thereof, which adduct contains carboxyl groups and has been prepared from (a) an aliphatic diol which has an average molecular weight of not more than 2,600, (b) an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, or its anhydride, having 4 to 10 carbon atoms, (c) an adduct of propylene oxide with an aliphatic alcohol which is at least trihydric and has 3 to 10 carbon atoms and (d) a fatty acid having 8 to 22 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Cellulose fiber material which has not been pre-cleaned, in particular raw cotton, is dyed with vat dyes or anionic dyes in the presence of a homopolymer of maleic acid, especially in the presence of hydrolysed polymaleic anhydride; level dyeings are obtained and the cellulose material is free from lime deposits and creases and has perfect levelness and a soft handle.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the manufacture of vat dyes of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms and X is an acyl radical, which comprises condensing a diaminoanthraquinone of the formula ##STR2## or mixtures of diaminoanthraquinones of the formula (2), with a 2,4-dihalogeno-6-alkylthio-s-triazine of the formula ##STR3## wherein Y is halogen and R is as defined for formula (1), in the molar ratio 2:1, and condensing the resulting intermediate of the formula ##STR4## with an acylating agent containing the acyl radical X which is as defined for formula (1), in the molar ratio 1:2.

Abstract: A composition containing a sparingly soluble or insoluble dyestuff which comprises, as a processing agent, from 0.5 to 50 percent by weight of the composition of at least one water-soluble non-ionic compound of the formula Y--O--Z--H wherein Y represents a hydrogen atom or a group of the formula ##STR1## (in which X is a carbon atom or an aromatic ring system having from 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, which may be the same or different, represent hydrogen atoms, or alkyl or alkenyl groups, with the proviso that at least one of R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is other than a hydrogen atom and the total number of carbon atoms in R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is not more than 36); and Z represents a (C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O).sub.m or (C.sub.3 H.sub.6 O).sub.n group or a combination thereof (in which m and n, which may be the same or different, each represents an integer from 2 to 15), and which may additionally contain water, at least one water-soluble anionic compound of formula R.sup.4 --SO.sub.

Abstract: An improved process for the continuous dyeing of lengths of textile material that at least partly contain cellulose fibers by the Pad-Steam process wherein the textile material onto which dyestuff has been applied is impregnated with chemical reducing agents including an alkaline solution, is then transported into a steamer for dyestuff-fixation by steaming thereon, is then after-treated by the sequential steps of rinsing with a liquor to remove the reducing agents, oxidizing the dyestuff with a liquor, and soaping and again rinsing the material with a liquor, and then finally drying the material. The improvement in the process comprises effecting the after-treatment steps, at least partially, by forcing the appropriate liquors through the material, especially on the perforated surface of a suction drum.

Abstract: Dispersions of pigments, disperse- or vat-dyestuffs, wherein the dispersing agent is formed either by cocondensation of a phenolic component, formaldehyde and an alkali metal sulfite or of a sulfonated phenolic component and formaldehyde. These dispersions are characterized in that the dispersing agent used shows an improved dispersing effect. Furthermore, they can also be used when being neutralized for the dispersing alkali sensitive dyestuffs and they show no tendency to soil the fabrics so that also clean shades may be dyed.