Abstract: Raw material costs are lowered and effluent BOD is improved when high molecular weight guar combined with 0.1 to 1.0% sodium persulfate are added prior to heat treatment during textile fiber processing. Productivity is improved for stain-resistant treatment of carpet.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for providing dye leveling and stainblocking characteristics to fibers. The use of specified dye-leveling agents in accordance with the present invention allows the treated fibers to be contacted with an acid dye-stainblocker composition in a single step. The invention is particularly suitable for treating nylon, silk and wool fibers.

Abstract: Carpets comprising nylon fibers which have been coated with stainblocker and subjected to dry heatsetting conditions (e.g. 200.degree. C.) are continuously dyed with acid dye liquor to deep shades of color by adding certain slats (e.g. ammonium sulfate) to the liquor.

Abstract: A trichromatic dye combination especially suited for the continuous dyeing of synthetic polyamide materials; the system including an acid red dye component, an acid blue dye component and an acid yellow dye component, each of said dye components being selected on the basis of minimum and compatible cold strike and compatible on tone strike rates.The trichromatic combination according to the invention dyes synthetic polyamide fibers from aqueous liquors, producing level dyeings having excellent fastness properties including good lightfastness and good ozone fastness.

Abstract: A light stabile composition for imparting stain resistance to polyamide fiber-containing textile articles (e.g. nylon, wool or silk carpets) comprises a halogenated (e.g. brominated or chlorinated) aryl group-containing product of the condensation polymerization of a hydroxyaryl sulfonic acid (e.g., para-hydroxyphenyl sulfonic acid), a dihydroxydiaryl sulfone (e.g., dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone) and an aldehyde (e.g., formaldehyde). The polyamide fiber-containing textile articles are converted to a stain resistant product by containing the fibers with an acidified aqueous solution of the aforesaid composition.

Abstract: An assistant for dyeing or whitening synthetic nitrogen-containing fibre material, which comprises(A) a sulfonated polycarboxylate,(B) an anionic surfactant,(C) a nonionic surfactant, and(D) a water-soluble organic, polar solvent.The assistant is especially useful for dyeing or whitening polyamide fibres.

Abstract: Dyestuffs which are highly suitable for use as the blue component in the trichromatic dyeing of polyamide fibre materials have the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 denote alkyl, the total number of the C atoms in the radicals R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 being at least three.The dyeings obtained are distinguished, inter alia, by good ozone fastness and the absence of the catalytic fading effect.

Abstract: A continuous process and an apparatus for effecting, in direct succession a dyeing and backing of a carpet, for example, in the process, the dyeing step is performed with a minimum application of dyeing liquor, making it possible to effect backing wet-on-wet without a washing step and an expensive drying procedure. The dyeing step can also be directly preceded by the carpet manufacturing process within the framework of a continuous installation.

Abstract: Gel particle dye liquors for imparting color to textiles are disclosed. The gel particles are prepared by mixing a first composition comprising a alginic acid or an alginic acid derivative with a second composition comprising a mixture of at least one monovalent chloride salt and at least one polyvalent metal salt.At least one of the compositions contains a dye resulting in the formation of a colored suspension of gel particles in water.

Abstract: Process for preparing ozone-fast dyeings on synthetic polyamide fibre materials from aqueous liquor with anthraquinone dyes which comprises using at least one anthraquinone dye which contains one or two fibre-reactive groups and one or two sulfo groups.The process according to the invention is suitable for dyeing synthetic polyamide materials producing with the monosulfoanthraquinone or disulfoanthraquinone dyes which contain one or two fibre-reactive groups level dyeings having good fastness properties, in particular good ozone fastness.

Abstract: Monoazo compounds of formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a coupling component radical,R.sub.1 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl; C.sub.1-6 alkyl substituted by 1 or 2 substituents selected from chloro, cyano, hydroxy, C.sub.1-4 alkoxy, phenyl and phenyl substituted by 1 or 2 substituents selected from chloro, C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 alkoxy, carboxy, sulfo, sulfamoyl and acetamido; C.sub.5-7 cycloalkyl; C.sub.5-7 cycloalkyl substituted by 1 to 3 C.sub.1-4 alkyl groups; phenyl; phenyl substituted by 1 to 3 substituents selected from chloro, C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 alkoxy, acetamido (maximum of 1), carboxy (maximum of 1), sulfo (maximum of 1) and --SO.sub.2 NR.sub.7 R.sub.8 (maximum of 1); 1- or 2-naphthyl or 1- or 2-naphthyl substituted by sulfo,whereineach of R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 is independently hydrogen; C.sub.1-4 alkyl; C.sub.1-4 alkyl monosubstituted by hydroxy or phenyl; cyclohexyl; phenyl or phenyl monosubstituted by chloro, methyl or methoxy, or--NR.sub.7 R.sub.

Abstract: A method of dyeing textile materials of polycapronamide, enabling low temperature dyeing conditions and process duration times which do not exceed the art standards, is characterized by the following combined features: (a) use of at least two discrete combinations of dyestuffs, which show different kinetic behaviors from each other; (b) maintenance of an alkaline pH at tapering values, in the extreme down to neutral; (c) use of exclusively anionic dyeing aids; and (d) maintenance through the various method steps of a maximum temperature as high as 60.degree. C., preferably as 40.degree. C.Perfectly uniform dyeing is achieved through the utilization of conventional apparata and dyeing method procedures.

Abstract: A continuous process for dyeing a pre-wetted carpet includes the step of printing, in one dye color, a desired pattern on the tufts, compressing those of the tufts receiving the dye in the process. The tufted printed surface of the carpet is then covered with a viscous water-soluble first gum and drops of a second dye, which is less viscous than the first gum, over the viscous gum-wetted tufts. Drops of a water-soluble second gum which is less viscous than the first gum, are then applied to the tufted surface and then a third dye which is substantially less viscous than the second dye is applied over the entire tufted surface of the carpet.

Abstract: A continuous process for dyeing a carpet in which spaced regions of the tufted side of a pre-wetted carpet are first compressed in a desired pattern. The tufted surface is then covered with a viscous water-soluble gum, and drops of a less viscous gum are then applied to the viscous gum-wetted tufts. Next, drops of a viscous dye are applied to the tufted surfaces and then a less viscous dye is applied over the entire tufted surface of the carpet.

Abstract: A continuous process for dyeing a tufted carpet includes the step of dyeing the entire carpet, in one dye color, with a first, relatively low viscosity dye. The carpet is then vibrated to cause the tufts to stand up. The entire tufted surface of the carpet is then coated with a relatively viscous second dye. Drops of a third dye, which is less viscous than the second dye and substantially more viscous than the first dye are then applied over the more viscous second dye coated tufts. A fourth dye which is substantially less viscous than the second and third dyes is then applied over the entire tufted surface of the carpet.

Abstract: A continuous process for dyeing a pre-wetted carpet includes the step of printing, in one dye color, a desired pattern on the tufts, compressing those of the tufts receiving the dye in the process. The tufted printed surface of the carpet is then covered with a viscous water-soluble gum and then drops of a second dye, which is less viscous than the gum, are applied to the viscous gum-wetted tufts. Then a third dye which is substantially less viscous than the second dye is applied over the entire tufted surface of the carpet.

Abstract: A continuous process for dyeing a pre-wetted carpet includes the step of applying a viscous water soluble gum layer over the tufted face of the carpet. Drops of first and second dyes less viscous than the gum are applied over the gum-wetted carpet face. A third dye which is substantially less viscous than the gum and the first and second dyes is applied over the entire tufted surface of the carpet.

Abstract: Two linear arrays of foamed dyestuff dispensing nozzles reciprocate 180.degree. out of phase normal to the path of a carpet web being dyed. Each array dispenses streams of foamed dyestuff over a gum coated web in alternate groups of first and second colors, the second array dispensing its dyestuff superimposed over the dyestuff dispensed by the first array. The same dyestuff color groups overlap in spaced repeating regions of the carpet web while different colors overlap in the remaining regions to provide a fully dyed web having the appearance of repetitive spaced regions of either the first or the second colors.

Abstract: The method of dyeing a continuously moving carpet pile fabric with a base color and thereafter applying other color dyes onto the base color and fixing all of the dyes without the use of steam. The dyeing process employs a dye applicator to which a heated dye solution is supplied and this dye is sprayed onto the carpet while at a temperature of approximately 185.degree. F. to 205.degree. F. to provide the base color. The base color dye is applied with a wet pick-up of approximately 200 percent to 300 percent. Thereafter while the carpet is still hot from the wetting by the hot dye, other color dyes at substantially ambient temperatures are independently sprayed onto the carpet at spaced locations while the carpet is still in the temperature range of approximately 165.degree. F. to 175.degree. F. The total amount of additional dye applied subsequent to the base color dye provides a wet pick-up of approximately 120 percent.

Abstract: The method of dyeing a continuously moving carpet pile fabric with a heated base color dye and either thereafter applying other color dyes onto the base color or applying the other color dyes prior to the base color, all of the dyes being fixed by the heat of the base color dye and without the use of steam. The dyeing process employs a dye applicator to which is heated dye solution is supplied and this dye is sprayed onto the carpet while at a temperature of approximately 185.degree. F. to 205.degree. F. to provide the base color. The base color dye is applied with a wet pick-up of approximately 200 percent to 300 percent. The other color dyes, which are pattern colors, at substantially ambient temperatures are independently sprayed onto the carpet at spaced locations either before the heated dye is applied or subsequent to the hot dye while the carpet is still in the temperature range of approximately 165.degree. F. to 175.degree. F.

Abstract: A trichromatic dye system for the dyeing of synthetic polyamide fibers, the system including an acid red dye component, an acid blue dye component, and an acid yellow dye component, each of the dye components being compatible from a performance standpoint.

Abstract: In the production of decorated tufted carpet tiles, a tufted carpet web is made by tufting a pile yarn in a substrate, precoating and backing the tufted substrate on the backside, followed by dyeing, imprinting with a pattern, steaming, washing and drying the carpet web, and thereafter by punching or cutting tiles from the carpet web in the process, the carpet web, prior to the dyeing step and preferably after precoating, is heat treated by being exposed to a temperature of 120.degree.-200.degree. C., preferably 140.degree.-170.degree. C., for 1-8 minutes, preferably for 3-5 minutes, while it is freely supported on an auxiliary carrier, and then subjected to cooling to below 50.degree. C.

Abstract: Monosodium phosphate is highly soluble in water and can be used as an ingredient for a low pH liquid buffer in a concentration of about 13-40 percent by weight. Tri potassium phosphate has good solubility in water and is a suitable ingredient for a high pH liquid buffer in a concentration of about 20-50 percent by weight. By a combination of these two ingredients, a system has been developed for using liquid buffer mixes in place of solid phosphate buffers, especially for use as a direct textile bath additive.

Abstract: A process for dyeing or printing natural and synthetic polyamide material by the trichromatic technique, which comprises the use of a red dye of the formula (1) defined in the specification, or a mixture of the red dye of the formula (1) with a red dye of the formula (2) together with at least one yellow or orange dye of the formula (3), or a mixture of at least one yellow or orange dye of the formula (3) with a yellow dye of the formula (4) and at least one blue dye of the formula (5). The process of the invention is suitable for dyeing natural or synthetic polyamide material from an aqueous liquor or for printing with printing pastes. It is particularly suitable for dyeing from short liquors.

Abstract: Two or more liquid treating agents which are to be applied to a stationary or running substrate are formed ahead of a collecting unit which thereupon admits a foamed compound composition into the applicator wherein the composition passes through the interstices of a screen so that it is reconverted into a liquid prior to contacting the substrate. The collecting unit can comprise or may be followed by a mixer, depending upon whether or not the constituents of the compound composition are to be converted into a homogeneous foam. The collecting unit receives discrete streams of foamed treating compositions, e.g., in the primary colors, from discrete foam generators each of which is followed by a storing device and by a regulating device, such as a valve which is adjustable by hand and/or by a computer.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improvement in certain processes for continuously dyeing polyamide carpets whereby stain resistance is imparted to the carpets during the dyeing process. The improvement involves adding an alkali metal silicate (e.g. sodium meta silicate) and a sulfonated phenol-formaldehyde condensation product to the dye liquor used in the dyeing process. If either the silicate or condensation product is omitted from the liquor, the improvement is not achieved. The improvement provides a convenient and economical means for providing stain resistant polyamide carpets.

Abstract: A process for dyeing a voluminous flat form polyamide substrate with anionic dyestuffs according to the cold pad-batch method, which process comprises the step of selecting the initial pH of the dyeing liquor within a range depending on the affinity of the substrate for anionic dyestuffs and the molecular weight of the anionic dyestuffs so as to give a substantial linear exhaustion of the dyeing liquor, the dyeing liquor being free from a thickening, swelling or foaming agent.

Abstract: The present disclosure is concerned with aqueous dispersions of anionic acid dyes, especially the monosulphonated level dyeing acid dyes, which have low room temperature, low shear viscosities and good storage stability. This low viscosity enables them to be readily poured, pumped and otherwise handled. These dispersions comprise dyestuff solids with a controlled particle size distribution having a median value between about 1 and 10 microns; an anionic dispersant; and an electrolyte. In a preferred embodiment the pH is adjusted to give an optimum viscosity value. Another preferred feature is the adjustment of the rheology with a thickening agent such as xanthan gum. These dispersions find particular utility in the continuous dyeing of carpet, especially in Kuesters or foam dyeing equipment.

Abstract: Pile articles, such as artificial furs, wherein at least a part of piles is colored in at least two kinds of colorations which vary in the length direction of the piles, said color variation being caused on level surfaces distant substantially constantly from a substrate fabric of said pile articles over a broad area of said pile articles, are produced by rotating a fibrous structure having piles fixed on a rotating body to raise the piles owing to centrifugal force caused by the rotation and contacting the raised piles with a treating liquid for fibers retained in a rotary container wherein a cylindrical interface of the treating liquid is formed due to the centrifugal force. The pile articles wherein the piles are uniformly gradationally colored in the length direction of the piles are also produced by gradually moving the above described level surface.

Abstract: A process for the trichromatic dyeing and printing of natural and synthetic polyamide material with dyestuff mixtures. The process employs a red dye together with a blue mixture of dyes and a yellow or orange dye or mixtures thereof.The process is suitable for dyeing natural or synthetic polyamide material from an aqueous liquid or for printing with printing pastes, especially for dyeing from short liquors.

Abstract: The invention relates to a dyeing assistant comprising at least(A) an alkylsulfonate, alkylbenzenesulfonate or alkylnaphthalenesulfonate, the straight or branched alkyl chain of which contains 3 to 22 carbon atoms, and(B) a quaternary ammonium compound which contains at least one basic nitrogen atom to which are attached at least one polyglycol ether chain and at least one aliphatic radical of 10 to 22 carbon atoms, said polyglycol ether chain containing at least one grouping of the formula ##STR1## wherein one of Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 is hydrogen and the other is the phenyl radical, and optionally(C) a siloxane/oxyalkylene copolymer and/or(D) a polar solvent.This dyeing assistant is used in particular for dyeing or printing synthetic polyamide fibre material with anionic dyes.

Abstract: A process for developing an embossed effect on nylon pile fabric by applying the embossing agent and color to the pile, using a wet-on-wet technique to move the embossing agent toward the base of the pile, and finishing by heating the treated pile. An embossing of satisfactory depth is obtained, shrinkage of the fibers is near the base, with the embossed fibers at their exposed ends having a soft feel. Dye penetration in the fiber is commercially acceptable.

Abstract: This invention is a method to dye nylon carpet in a pattern. Improvement comprises adding a reducing agent selected from a group consisting of zinc formaldehyde sulfoxylate, sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate, thiourea dioxide and mixtures of the formaldehyde sulfoxylate salts with a dye selected from a group consisting of acid, direct, dispersed, fiber reactive and mixtures thereof; also adding an activator for the reducing agent and a stabilizer for the dye bath. Then the dyed carpet is steamed to activate the reducing agent. This makes a dyed pattern that is reproducible, controlled and has differential multicolorations. Each of the dyes is selected for its known characteristic behavior with the activator reducing agent, whether it is completely unaffected, partially affected or completely destroyed. Each dye is applied at a time during the dyeing so that its characteristic effect produces the desired multicoloration effect.

Abstract: A system for continuously dyeing textile materials, such as tufted pile carpets. A carpet having a face pile on one side and a back surface on the other side is wetted with water. A foamed, steam-fixable dye liquor is deposited on the face pile of the carpet. The carpet is then introduced into a substantially closed space defined between a web substantially non-permeable to steam and a heated surface of a drum such that the back surface of the carpet is in heat transfer contact with the heated surface. The carpet remains in the space for a period of time sufficient for at least a portion of the water to be converted to steam and for the steam to fix the dye liquor on the face pile. The system can also be used to simultaneously dye the pile of a carpet and adhere a secondary backing to the carpet.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method of thermally developing color on a polyamide textile material. The material is first contacted with an aminobenzenesulfonyl azide and then is heated at a temperature ranging from 80.degree. C. to the melting point of the polyamide material for an amount of time sufficient to develop a color thereon.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method of photolytically developing color on a polyamide textile material. The material is first contacted with an aminobenzenesulfonyl azide and then is exposed to a UV light source for an amount of time sufficient to develop a color thereon.

Abstract: A process for dyeing or finishing textile fibre material using foam, which process comprises applying to said materials an aqueous foam composition which, in addition to containing dye or finishing agent, contains a foamable system comprising water and at least(A) an anionic surfactant and(B) a non-ionic block polymer based on ethylene oxide and propylene oxide units.The material is then dried, if desired, and then subjected to a heat treatment, preferably a steam treatment. Level dyeings with good penetration of dye and/or excellent finishes are obtained on the material.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for coloring textile materials to produce random dyed effects wherein a coloring material is added to a foamed composition either before or after the foamed composition is coated onto a textile. The foam is then collapsed to penetrate the coloring material into the textile, and, finally, the textile is dried and cured or fixed.

Abstract: The dyeing of textile fabrics conventionally calls for the wetting of fabric pile with a dye solution. Difficulties arise in achieving uniform wetting and consequently uniform dyeing of the textile fabric without expenditure of large amounts of energy or dyeing solution. The present invention solves the problem of uniform dyeing according to a process wherein the textile fabric is wetted with an unfoamed dyeing solution containing a foaming agent, followed by mechanical treatment by means of alternating compression and relief and finally, a steam treatment process.

Abstract: A process is described for the fast dyeing of textile materials constitut at least to a significant degree, by polyamides, in particular quick dyeing polyamides, characterized in that a dye bath is employed comprising acid dyes to which a combination of reagents (e.g. ammonium sulphate and caustic soda) is added that is adapted to impart to the bath an initial alkaline pH and to lower the pH by elimination of volatile bases, at least at the final heating temperatures, and in that the bath is heated until final temperatures between 60.degree. C. and 80.degree. C. are attained.

Abstract: A de-foaming agent comprising by weight about(a) 80 to 100 parts of a polyoxyalkylene-polysiloxane copolymer of the formula:[R.sup.1 Si(OSiR.sub.2).sub.n ].sub.m Z.sub.m-1 (OR.sup.2).sub.m+2,in whichR represents an optionally halogen-substituted alkyl-group with up to 4 carbon atoms,R.sup.1 represents the substituent R or a phenyl radical,R.sup.2 represents a group of the composition ##STR1## Z represents the difunctional unit --O-- or ##STR2## and R.sup.3 denotes a hydrocarbon radical with up to 6 carbon atoms,R.sup.4 denotes independently from one another hydrogen or R.sup.3,n denotes a number between 3 and 40,m denotes a number between 1 and 15,x denotes a number between 0 and 68,y denotes a number between 0 and 52,x+y denotes a number between 1 and 68 andp denotes a number between 2 and 12,and (b) 0.5 to 20 parts of a hydrophobic silicon dioxide.

Abstract: A process is provided for dyeing textile materials in a solid shade with a jet injection dyeing apparatus, including conveying means for transporting the textile, jet orifices for delivering dye to said textile material, and control means for supplying data to control the operation of the application of dye from the jet orifices to the textile material, which comprises the steps of: modifying the textile material prior to dyeing of same by applying to said textile material an aqueous admixture containing an effective minor amount of a thickening agent to maintain the viscosity of said aqueous admixture at from about 150 to about 750 centipoises, preferably about 200 to about 400 centipoises, to thoroughly wet said textile material; dyeing said textile material in a solid shade with an acid dye composition having a viscosity of from about 150 to about 750 centipoises, preferably from about 200 to about 400 centipoises, by applying said dye composition by means of said jet injection dyeing apparatus in an amoun

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for treating textile materials with finishing agents wherein a first finishing agent-containing composition is applied to a textile material and a second composition, in the form of a foam, is thereafter applied to the textile prior to fixation of the the first applied composition. The first composition may also be applied in the form of a foam if desired. The compositions may also contain reactive materials therein.

Abstract: A method for continuous dyeing of pile fabric using a Kusters dye applicator is disclosed. The method concerns the use of a dye solution comprising at least two dyestuffs, the dyestuffs being selected to have approximately equal strike rates, and a sufficient amount of a thickening agent to provide a dye solution-viscosity of from about 300 to about 1000 centipoise (Brookfield Viscometer). The resulting dyed carpet exhibits excellent shade uniformity in the across machine direction.

Abstract: Described is a process for the dyeing of textile material by the exhaust method, whereby the dyeing is commenced at a pH value of between 6 and 12 and terminated at a pH value of between 3 and 7, which process is characterized in that during dyeing the pH value is lowered, by the addition of an inorganic acid, by at least 1 unit of pH value; and that subsequent to the dyeing the exhausted bath, after the addition of alkali, dye and, if required, further auxiliaries, is optionally used afresh for dyeing.Furthermore an apparatus for carrying out this process is described which consists of a dyeing aggregate having a liquor-circulating system which contains at least one pH-measuring point as well as at least one dosing device.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is C.sub.1-4 alkyl,R.sub.2 is hydrogen, C.sub.1-4 alkyl or C.sub.1-4 alkoxy,R.sub.3 is hydrogen or C.sub.1-4 alkyl, andM is hydrogen or a monovalent non-chromophoric cation,and mixtures of such compounds, stable, concentrated, aqueous compositions consisting essentially of, by weight,5-20% Compound of said formula in salt form or a mixture thereof2-25% 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol0-8% Propylene glycolBalance Water,and the use of such compounds, mixtures and stable, concentrated, aqueous compositions for dyeing and printing anionically dyeable substrates such as natural and synthetic polyamides, especially nylon carpet.

Abstract: Pile fabrics prepared from synthetic fibers having a textured or embossed surface resulting from a process which comprises selectively contacting the surface of said fabric with a chemical embossing agent therefor, allowing the embossing action to occur, and thereafter effectively removing the embossing agent from the surface; said embossing serving to reduce the height of the pile in the treated areas and creating said textured appearance.

Abstract: A composition useful as a dyeing, fixing and leveling agent for acid dyestuffs on polyamide fibers, as a reserving agent in dyeing of polyamide-cellulosic blends with direct dyes and as an aftertreating agent for improving wet fastness and perspiration resistance of polyamides dyed with an acid dyestuff consists essentially of an aqueous solution of 60-85% by weight of solute of phenolsulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensate and 15-40% by weight of solute of an alkylene glycol of up to 3-10 carbon atoms or a polyoxyethylene or -thio glycol or molecular weight up to 1000.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for printing on textile materials, particularly pile type fabrics, wherein a foamed printing composition is first applied to the textile material; a second foamed composition is thereafter uniformly applied onto the textile over the printing composition prior to fixation of the latter; the second applied foam is then collapsed to form a pre-selected print on the textile; and the printed textile is then subjected to color fixation.

Abstract: An aqueous-based nylon fiber shrinking composition which can be formulated into a print paste is disclosed. The resulting print paste exhibits excellent viscosity stability and can be applied to nylon pile fabric to produce print-embossed pattern fabric.