Abstract: A pressure transformer is provided having a housing, with a rotating group disposed therein, an adjustable port plate is disposed between a barrel of the rotating group and a head portion of the housing. The barrel has a plurality of pistons slideably disposed in cylinders defined in the barrel. The cylinders each define a cylinder port that is in intimate contact with the port plate. The port plate has three arcuate slots defined therein and spaced from one another along a predetermined circumference. Each arcuate slot has a leading edge and a trailing edge. Likewise each of the cylinder ports has a leading edge and a trailing edge. The shape and orientation of the leading edges and trailing edges of the cylinder ports and the arcuate slots are the same. During relative rotation between the cylinder ports and the arcuate slots, the leading edges of the cylinder ports and the leading edges of the arcuate slots are radially concurrent.

Abstract: A cam (23) provides a rotating guide surface (33) for the cage (30) of the roller elements (25, 26) of a bearing (22) used to support the load on the cam of an axial piston pump (11) that uses pistons (17, 18) having no shoes or slippers. The rotating guide surface (33) is provided by extending a cylindrical surface (34) from the rotating cam (23) through the inside diameter, or around the outside diameter of the rolling element cage (30), concentric to the centerline of rotation.

Abstract: A piston-type fuel pump has two or more cylinder bores in a barrel. A piston in each cylinder bore has a port for admitting fuel into the cylinder bore. A swash plate assembly includes a wobble plate connected to each of the pistons. The wobble plate is given an oscillatory motion producing reciprocal movement of the pistons. A thin-walled metal bellows defines a closed interior space surrounding the pistons to prevent escape of fuel.

Abstract: A hydraulic axial pump/motor comprises a plurality of revolving as well as reciprocating pistons, operatively associated with a stationary port plate. The port plate comprises at least a first, elongated, arcuate suction port and at least a second elongated, arcuate discharge port, divided by a bringing portion extending between the downstream side of the suction port and the upstream side of the discharge port. A tortuous passage of a non-uniform cross-section is formed in the bridging portion, allowing the by-passing of the fluid first in a direction towards the downstream side of the suction port and then towards and into the upstream side of the discharge port.

Abstract: Contact between the top portion and the spherical seat of the piston is avoided through a simple arrangement and even if the swash plate angle is increased, a suitable contact portion is obtained. To this end, the top portion of a shoe for swash plate type compressors is composed of a partial spherical surface having a larger radius of curvature than that of the outer peripheral surface which contacts a seat surface formed in the piston, the top portion being smoothly continuous with the outer peripheral surface. Further, the generatrix of the outer peripheral surface of the shoe in contact with the seat surface is an arc whose center of curvature is radially spaced from the centerline of the shoe and whose radius of curvature is shorter than that of the seat surface, whereby the outer peripheral surface of the shoe contacts the seat surface of the piston at a predetermined position; this makes it easier to control the contact of the shoe for swash plate type compressors.

Abstract: A uniform speed joint has three or more drive pins one side ends of which are concentrically arranged in one side face of either one of a driving member and driven member, and the other ends of the drive pins are rotatably and slidably arranged in one side face of the other member and supported through ball bearings the periphery of which is restricted and supported. An axial piston pump is constructed by application of the uniform speed joint.

Abstract: A compressor includes pistons slidably accommodated in cylinder bores. A head and a skirt are formed at the ends of the piston. The head has a peripheral surface that always contacts the inner surface of the cylinder bore. The skirt is coupled with a swash plate. An annular space opens to the side of the piston. The annular space is located between the head and the skirt. A recess is located on the inner wall of a front housing and extends longitudinally in the axial direction of the piston. A projection is integrally formed on the skirt of the piston to engage with the recess. Rotation of the piston about its axis with respect to the cylinder bore is restricted by the engagement of the projection with the recess. A force acting on the piston in a direction transverse to the axis of the piston is received by the recess through the projection.

Abstract: A wobble plate compressor piston has a central aperture formed through its front surface, directly into the ball and socket joint that connects it to the drive plate. High pressure refrigerant and entrained lubricant mist are forced into the gap between ball and socket, collecting in a converging section thereof to form a liquid seal that prevents blow by of refrigerant gas and compression loss. The joint is better lubricated as a consequence, reducing stress on the connecting rod.

Abstract: A swashplate type compressor having a cylinder block with cylinder bores disposed parallel to the axis of the cylinder block. A rotary shaft rotatably mounted within the cylinder block carries an aluminum or iron alloy swashplate. The swashplate is fixed in the rotary shaft and has two facial surfaces and an end surface. The swashplate has a coating of a thermoset composite material which is polymer based and includes 1-20 volume percent metal particles. The metal particles are selected from Cr, Ni, Fe, Cu, Mo, Al or a mixture of any of them or their alloys. The polymer portion of the composite comprises 3-20 volume % PTFE and resin binder therefor.

Abstract: A method for merging and/or ratio-blending aliquants from two different streams in a first channel, and utilizing a second channel to propel merged and blended aliquants through a separate, pumped carrier channel by providing a pump comprising a plurality of pistons, a plurality of inlet ports, a plurality of outlet ports, a cam cap having cam profiles which controls timing and depth of strokes of the pistons, and a port cap having a plurality of valve grooves which control a direction of fluid flow.

Abstract: A differential hydraulic motor comprises a swash plate joined to an output shaft, and a cylinder block joined to an input shaft. A change-over valve is provided which changes over according to the relative rotation of the output shaft and input shaft, and leads a different fluid pressure to pistons housed in the cylinder block according to whether these pistons are extending or contracting. A rotary distributor is provided which connects a high pressure port and low pressure port in a casing to the change-over valve even when the cylinder block is rotating. This rotary distributor comprises a port block which is free to slide in the casing. Pressure from the high pressure port acts on a piston formed on an end face of the port block so as to push the port block against a sliding surface of a cover block joined to the cylinder block.

Abstract: A holddown pin mechanism for hydraulic power units has a cylindrical flat base washer having a central opening and opposite sides, a plurality of spaced elongated holddown pins have one end rigidly secured to one side of said base washer and an outer end. The pins extend outwardly at right angles from the side of said washer to which they are secured. The holddown pin mechanism is placed in a hydraulic cylinder block having a center bore, with the pins extending into holes in the block. A guide member on a shaft extending through the block engages the free ends of the pins.

Abstract: A swash plate type compressor having pistons, each defining on opposite sides compression chambers 38 and 39. The cross sectional area of the operating chamber 39 located adjacent the driving source is larger than the cross sectional area of the operating chamber 38 located away from the driving source in such a manner that the axial force F0 generated in a rotating shaft 5 due to the difference between the pressure at the swash plate chamber and the atmospheric pressure is substantially canceled by the axial forces F1 and F2 generated in the rotating shaft due to the refrigerant pressure acting on the piston 8 in the operating chambers 38 and 39.

Abstract: A control plate (1) of a hydraulic machine having a core (2) is disclosed, which at least on its upper side (O), lying in operation against a cylinder drum, is covered with a layer of friction-reducing plastics material (3). The plastics material (3) is joined to the core (2) by means of a connecting element (8) which, as a result of interlocking engagement with the plastics material (3) and/or the core (2), takes up tensile forces substantially at right angles to the upper side (O).

Abstract: A swash-plate type compressor comprises a drive shaft, at least one plunger piston, a cylinder block rotatably supporting the drive shaft and defining therein at least one cylinder chamber or bore, the cylinder chamber slidably accommodating the piston to permit an axial reciprocal sliding movement of the piston in the cylinder chamber, a swash plate rotatably mounted on the drive shaft, and a linkage provided between the drive shaft and the swash plate for causing a rotational movement of the swash plate in synchronization with rotation of the drive shaft, while permitting a wobbling movement of the swash plate. The piston includes a bottom section having a recessed portion for receiving a pair of semi-spherical shoes and for slidably holding the swashplate side walls between the shoe pair for the axial reciprocal sliding movement of the piston, and a main skirt section having a through-opening extending in a rotational direction of the swash plate.

Abstract: A hydraulic axial piston machine is described, having axially movable pistons, which at one end bear by means of slider shoes against a slanting plate, and having a pressure plate (10) for holding the slider shoes in contact with the slanting plate. Under certain operating conditions the slider shoes have a tendency to tilt and lift away from the slanting plate at one side. To prevent this, the pressure plate (10) acts only on a part lying, in the radial direction of the slanting plate (7), outside a predetermined region (28).

Abstract: A retainer mechanism for an axial piston machine embodies a shoe plate having a plurality of openings defined in a circumferential outer portion thereof to receive a plurality of shoes and a biasing mechanism operative during assembly to apply a force to an inner portion of the shoe plate to hold the plurality of shoes against a swashplate disposed in the axial piston machine. Prior to assembly the shoe plate has a force transferring surface that is generally frusto-conical in shape. During assembly, the biasing mechanism applies a force to the inner portion of the shoe plate to generally flatten the frusto-conical shaped force transferring surface and urge it against a flat bearing surface of the respective shoes.

Abstract: Apparatus is disclosed for articulating and correcting the trajectory of a piston in a volumetric machine with a plurality of pistons in a plurality of corresponding curved cylinders. The apparatus includes a piston seal ring positioned in a plane inclined to a plane of rotation of the pistons, with the inclined plane being different for each of the pistons and an intersection point of the axis of rotation of the pistons and an axis of rotation of the cylinders, a position compensation element permitting movement of the selected piston tangential to an instantaneous trajectory of that piston, and a piston support in radial contact with that piston to compensate centrifugal forces acting on that piston.

Abstract: An improved apparatus for retaining slipper holddown pins radially in a hydraulic unit includes a cylinder block having a plurality of holes therein for respectively receiving a corresponding plurality of elongated slipper holddown pins, each having a maximum transverse width. The holes are adjacent to and communicate with a center bore of the cylinder block to form respective throats. The throats have a maximum width that is less than the maximum transverse width of the pins such that the pins cannot be radially displaced through the respective throats. Each hole has a side wall that extends more than 180.degree. around its central axis. The side wall defines the throat between the hole and the center bore. The shaft can be inserted into driving engagement with the center bore of the cylinder block. The slipper holddown pin has a maximum transverse width greater than the maximum width of the throat.

Abstract: An axial plunger pump includes an auxiliary plate mounted to a cam plate at an end thereof on the side of a cylinder block to be rotatabe relative to the cam plate, and a flexible partition member interposed between a housing and the auxiliary plate to cover a drive shaft and the cam plate. The flexible partition member, which is in the form of, e.g. a metal bellows, serves to divide the inside of the housing into a working fluid chamber and a lubricant chamber.

Abstract: A reciprocating piston type compressor for compressing refrigerant gas for an automobile air conditioning system is provided with a cylinder block assembly which includes a plurality of cylinder bores, a swash plate chamber and an oiler channel which extends along the one of the end walls of the swash plate chamber. When the refrigerant gas, which flows rotationally in the swash plate chamber due the rotating swash plate, contacts the oiler channel, the lubricating oil mist, in the refrigerant gas flow in the swash plate chamber induced by the rotation of the swash plate, is separated from the refrigerant gas and the separated lubricating oil is introduced into the bearing means by the oiler channel.

Abstract: A lubricating mechanism for a piston type compressor in a refrigeration system. A cam plate is mounted on a drive shaft for integral rotation therewith in a crank chamber, which is defined in a casing. Pistons are coupled to the cam plate and reciprocate in cylinder bores extending parallel to the drive shaft. Each piston compresses refrigerant gas containing lubricating oil mist and discharges the compressed refrigerant gas from the compressor during rotation of the cam plate. The refrigerant gas is supplied into the crank chamber and is circulated in the casing. The lubricating oil is supplied to various moving parts from a location near the drive shaft. An oil pan is provided outside and to the side of the casing for collecting lubricating oil. A recovering passage connects the oil pan with the crank chamber to convey the lubricating oil from the crank chamber to the oil pan for collection.

Abstract: A compressor has a front housing, cylinder block and a rear housing. The housings and cylinder block are secured to one another by a plurality of bolts. A plurality of pistons reciprocally move in cylinder bores to compress gas. Each of said bolts has a shaft extending through the housings and the cylinder block. A cam plate is supported on a drive shaft for integral rotation therewith to convert the rotation of the drive shaft to reciprocal movement of a piston in the cylinder bore. The piston rotates about its axis in accordance with rotation force transmitted from the cam plate and abuts against the shaft of the bolt, which extends in close proximity to the piston. The rotating piston abuts against the shaft so that the rotation thereof is restricted. The shaft has a diameter greater than that of a threaded portion formed at an end of the bolt. Since the threaded portion is smaller, the threaded portion does no damage to the piston during assembly.

Abstract: A piston/slide shoe arrangement of a hydraulic piston machine is disclosed having a slide shoe in connection with a piston (4), with a friction reducing plastics material there between, wherein the plastics material, forming channel, extend into a through opening in the slide shoe in a direction towards a sliding contact surface of the slide shoe. The sliding contact surface in operation lies against a swash plate. The slide shoe and the plastics material are provided outside the through-opening with at least one connecting element which takes up the shear forces between the slide shoe and the plastics material.

Abstract: A fuel injection system for injecting gasoline or other fuel directly into the combustion chambers of an internal combustion engine including a pump that incorporates a rotary driven swash plate, a plurality of fuel pumping pistons radially separated from one another and operatively mounted for axial fuel pumping movement in a fixed barrel. A special bearing assembly and creeper plate is operatively interposed in the pump housing to transmit pumping forces of the swash plate to the pumping pistons while isolating the pumping pistons from rotation so that they stroke axially in the barrel. With this arrangement, check type valves are effectively used to control the inlet and discharge of fuel to and from the pumping chambers of the pistons eliminating rotary sliding valves with attendant heat build-up and undesirable fuel vaporization.

Abstract: A hydraulic axial piston motor (1) is disclosed, having a cylinder drum (4) which is connected, so that it is non-movable axially, to a shaft (3) and so that they rotate together, and which has at least one cylinder (5), for each cylinder a piston (6) arranged in the cylinder, which piston bears at its end projecting from the cylinder drum (4) against a swash plate (8) via the intermediary of a slider shoe (7), a pressure-applying arrangement (9) for holding at least one slider shoe (7) against the swash plate and a control plate (12) with control kidneys. It is desirable for such a motor to be reliably operable even when the shaft is provided with axial play. Leakages in particular are to be avoided. For that purpose, the pressure-applying device (9) is mounted so as to e axially movable relative to the cylinder drum (4).

Abstract: An axial piston machine includes a housing and a rotary shaft is mounted in the housing. A plurality of radially spaced cylindrical bores are arranged concentrically around the shaft and a reciprocal piston is located in each bore. A plate is located at an angle of inclination with respect to the rotary shaft. Each piston is connected to the plate by a support body locator and first and second support bodies are located in the support body locator and are in contact with the opposed surfaces of the plate.

Abstract: A hydraulic axial piston motor is disclosed, having a rotatable cylinder drum, in which several work pistons, each provided at one end with a slider shoe, are arranged in work cylinders so as to be axially movable, having a control plate, a swash plate, against which the slider shoes bear, a pressure plate which holds the slider shoes on the swash plate, and a pressure-applying unit, which acts on the pressure plate and comprises a hydraulic piston-cylinder arrangement. Using such a motor it is desirable for an adequate contact pressure to be produced using simple means. For that purpose, the piston-cylinder arrangement is arranged between the cylinder drum and the control plate.

Abstract: A control system, method and apparatus are provided in which a rotatable wedge portion which is solidly mounted on a rotatable base engages piston and cylinder assemblies as the base rotates. The wedge is rotatable through various positions relative to the base, thus providing an adjustable tilt angle and different strokes for the pistons. In another embodiment, the single wedge is replaced by a double wedge assembly.

Abstract: An improved axial-piston energy converting device is provided by utilizing a thin ceramic wear plate insert, having a typical thickness of only about 0.005 to 0.040 inches in thickness, as a cam surface secured by atmospheric pressure to an underlying support surface of a steel cam plate support structure. Attachment of the wear plate to the cam plate supporting surface is accomplished by polishing both a supporting surface of the cam plate, and a mating surface of the wear plate to a very smooth finish, and wiping a thin film of a fluid such as oil onto one of the polished surfaces prior to placing the wear plate onto the supporting surface. The highly polished, together with the light film of oil, result in a joint that is essentially air tight. Atmospheric pressure acting on the cam surface of the wear plate serves to hold the wear plate tightly in place on the support surface in the same manner that a pair of Johansson blocks are held together if their highly polished surfaces are mated.

Abstract: A hydraulic piston engine driven by a lubricant-free, water-based pressure fluid, and comprising an enclosing housing and a piston-connected drive shaft supported by radial journal bearings in bearing bushings. One of the sliding surfaces of the radial journal bearing comprises a recess with a bearing-supporting hydrostatic pressure fluid pocket. The center of the recess is displaced by an angle (.alpha.) in the direction against the direction of rotation of the drive shaft, seen in relation to the geometrical, radial mean point in the high-load area for transmission of the piston forces to the bearing surface via the drive shaft. Hereby a particularly reliable piston motor of the type indicated is provided.

Abstract: A swashplate style pump uses a dual location cluster bearing of consistent configuration for use in each of two positions in the pump. In one location the dual location cluster bearing will interface with pistons and the swashplate cam. In a second location the dual position cluster bearing will interface with the non-camming side of the swashplate and the back plate of the pump. The dual position cluster bearing can be used in either and both positions with equal facility.

Abstract: In a swashplate style pump a cam follower that interfaces the pump pistons and the swashplate cam is a ring of material. This ring of material will be provided with a bearing surface and a piston contacting surface having the piston contacting surface provided with piston receiving elements.

Abstract: A reciprocating type compressor including a cylinder block (1), a cylinder head (3) joined to the outer end of the cylinder block (1) and provided with a discharge chamber (3b) or a suction chamber and a valve plate (4) held between the cylinder block (1) and the cylinder head (3) has an auxiliary discharge chamber (16) (or an auxiliary suction chamber) formed in a portion of the cylinder block (1) surrounded by an arrangement of cylinder bores (1a) formed in the cylinder block (1), and the auxiliary discharge chamber (16) (or the auxiliary suction chamber) is communicated with the discharge chamber (3b) (or the suction chamber) by means of at least one through-hole (17) to reduce the discharge pressure pulsation or suction pressure pulsation to thereby reduce the vibration of the gas-conduit line and, when the compressor is incorporated into an climate control system of a vehicle, to reduce noise in the passenger compartment.

Abstract: A machine is disclosed that may be configured as a pump, a compressor or an engine. The machine displaces volume by means of pistons that are connected to a driveshaft without oscillating connecting rods. Cylinders are disposed in a rotating cylinder block that rotates on an axis inclined to the axis of rotation of the pistons. A spherical member centers the driveshaft with respect to the cylinder block, and a biasing means urges the cylinder block against a bearing surface. Displacement may be varied by varying the angle of inclination of the two axes of rotation.

Abstract: An axial multi-piston compressor includes a drive shaft, a cylinder block having cylinder bores formed therein and surrounding the drive shaft, and a plurality of pistons slidably received in the respective cylinder bores, wherein the pistons are successively reciprocated in the cylinder bores by a rotation of the drive shaft so that a suction stroke and a discharge stroke are alternately executed in each of the cylinder bores. During the suction stroke, a fluid is introduced into the cylinder bore, and during the compression stroke, the introduced fluid is compressed and discharged from the cylinder bore such that a residual part of the compressed fluid is inevitably left in the cylinder bore when the compression stroke is finished. The compressor further includes a rotary valve for allowing the residual part of the compressed fluid to escape from the cylinder bore into another cylinder bore governed by the compression stroke.

Abstract: A hydraulic piston machine is proposed, with a cylinder body (1), which comprises at least one cylinder (2) with a piston (3) movable therein, and a control counter-plate (7) which engages the cylinder body (1) by way of a contact surface (6) and, on relative movement between the cylinder body and the control counter-plate parallel to the contact surface, connects the cylinder in dependence upon its position with inlet and outlet channels (11, 12) respectively, the control counter-plate (7) and/or the cylinder body (1) being provided, at least in the region of the contact surface (6, 9), with a friction-reducing layer (13). A machine of that kind should be inexpensive to manufacture yet should operate reliably even when the hydraulic fluid has no or only slight lubricating properties. For that purpose the friction-reducing layer (13) is in the form of an injection-moulded part.

Abstract: An axial piston hydraulic unit has a valve plate assembly positioned between a head and a rotatable cylinder barrel. The assembly includes a pair of valve plates stacked together to function as a single valve plate. The valve plate assembly defines a restricted flow path for providing initial communication between an approaching piston bore of the rotatable barrel and an intake port and a discharge port extending through the pair of plates. A first portion of the flow path is defined in the valve plate adjoining the head and a second portion of the flow path is defined in the valve plate adjacent the barrel. The stacked valve plates are hydraulically held together by a pair of pressure balancing devices.

Abstract: A hydraulic axial piston machine is disclosed, having an inclined plate (7), on which a slider shoe (9) of at least one piston slides on relative movement between a cylinder body (2) receiving the piston and the inclined plate (7), and a pressure plate (10) articulated on the cylinder body (2) and holding the slider shoe (9) in engagement with the inclined plate. It is desirable for such a machine also to be operable with a hydraulic fluid that has no lubricating properties. For that purpose, between the pressure plate (10) and the cylinder body (2) there is arranged a bearing element (18) with a bearing surface (19) of plastics material, which slides with low friction on a counterpart (15) made of metal lying against the bearing surface (19).

Abstract: A compressor includes a rotary drive shaft having a first end and a second end, both the ends being rotatably supported by opposing walls of a crank chamber defined in a casing and a swash plate tiltably mounted on the drive shaft and operably coupled with a piston in a cylinder bore. A rotation of the drive shaft results in a reciprocating movement of the piston for compressing refrigerant gas in a cylinder bore. A rotary member is secured to the first end which extends outside the casing. the rotary member supplies a power to the drive shaft from a power supply. A support member, disposed between the rotary member and the first end, protrudes outward from the casing. A first bearing, disposed between the support member and the rotary member, receives a thrust load and a radial load acting on the rotary member when the rotary member rotates. A second bearing, disposed between the casing and the second end, receives the radial load acting on the rotary member when the rotary member rotates.

Abstract: A cylinder barrel includes a casting having a plurality of ceramic bore liners cast in situ within the casting. The cylinder barrel is made by positioning the ceramic bore liners at predetermined locations within a casting mold and pouring a molten ferrous metal into the mold so as to envelope the bore liners.

Abstract: A hydraulic piston machine is disclosed, having a cylinder drum and a control plate, which control plate has at least one high-pressure "kidney" and at least one low-pressure "kidney" and also a contact surface against which the cylinder drum bears in operation, at least the contact surface being provided with a friction-reducing layer. It is desirable for such a machine to have better operational behavior and a longer service life. For that purpose, the contact surface in the region of the low-pressure kidney has a recessed region forming a gap between the cylinder drum and the control plate.

Abstract: An apparatus controls a pressure in a cylinder chamber of a hydraulic pump-motor. The cylinder chamber is formed by fitting a piston in a cylinder bore of a rotatable cylinder block, and the cylinder block is rotated so that ports going to the cylinder chambers are alternatively opened to a high pressure port and a lower pressure port that are both formed in a valve plate. The apparatus includes a first switching port formed at a top dead point side of the valve plate, the first switching port being communicated with a tank through a first open-close valve. A second switching port is formed at a bottom dead point of the valve plate, the second switching port being communicated with the high pressure port through a second open-close valve.

Abstract: A piston for a variable displacement axial piston hydraulic pump has a vibration absorber disposed within a chamber of the piston. The vibration absorber includes a vibration absorber mass suspended between a pair of springs. The vibration absorber offsets the piston inertia created from the oscillatory displacement of the pistons for stabilizing the pump.

Abstract: An oil diverting unit, incorporated in a compressor housing of a refrigerant compressor for a climate control system of an automobile, cooperating with a shaft seal unit mounted on a drive shaft of the compressor, so as to divert a flow of the lubricating oil which was suspended in the refrigerant gas and has leaked out of the interior of the compressor housing, to thereby prevent the lubricating oil from reaching a solenoid clutch mounted on a front portion of the drive shaft of the compressor. The oil diverting unit has an oil blocking plate member made of elastic material so that the plate member is elastically press-fitted in the compressor housing so as to define an oil dam for holding the lubricating oil and permitting the oil to be drained from the dam through a drain passageway toward the exterior of the compressor housing.

Abstract: An axial piston machine (1) is described, having a cylinder body (2) that is rotatable relative to a wobble plate (3) and in which several pistons (6) are arranged so as to be axially displaceable, the pistons being supported on a sliding-contact face (4) of the wobble plate 930 by means of slider shoes (9) articulated at the free ends of the pistons, wherein a pressure element (13) holding the slider shoes (9) on the sliding-contact face (4) is provided. It is desirable to reduce internal leakage in an axial piston machine of that kind. For that purpose, a wave spring element (16) is provided between each slider shoe (9) and the pressure element (13).

Abstract: An axial multi-piston compressor includes a drive shaft, a cylinder block having cylinder bores formed therein and surrounding the drive shaft, and a plurality of pistons slidably received in the respective cylinder bores, wherein the pistons are successively reciprocated in the cylinder bores by a rotation of the drive shaft so that a suction stroke and a discharge stroke are alternately executed in each of the cylinder bores. During the suction stroke, a fluid is introduced into the cylinder bore, and during the compression stroke, the introduced fluid is compressed and discharged from the cylinder bore such that a residual part of the compressed fluid is inevitably left in the cylinder bore when the compression stroke is finished. The compressor further includes a rotary valve for allowing the residual part of the compressed fluid to escape from the cylinder bore into another cylinder bore after the suction stroke is executed in the former cylinder bore over a given short period of time.

Abstract: An external combustion engine having an asymmetrical cam. The engine incls a combustion chamber for generating a high-pressure, energized gas from a monopropellant fuel and an even number of cylinders for sequentially receiving the energized gas through a rotary valve, the gas performing work on a piston disposed within each cylinder. The pistons transfer energy to a drive shaft through a connection to the asymmetrically shaped cam. The cam is shaped having two identical halves, each half having a power and an exhaust stroke. The identical halves provide that opposing cylinders are in thermodynamic balance, thus reducing rocking vibrations and torque pulsations. Having opposing pistons within the same thermodynamic cycle allows piston stroke to be reduced while maintaining displacement comparable to an engine having individual cycle positions. The reduced stroke diminishes gas flow velocity thus reducing flow induced noise.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a pump having a wobble plate, at least one piston assembly reciprocated by the wobble plate, and a mechanism retaining the piston assembly in contact with the wobble plate. In the improvement, the mechanism includes a hold-down plate having a number of radially-extending retention fingers. Each finger extends into a fill opening of a separate piston assembly and retains such assembly in contact with the pump wobble plate. The piston shoe is maintained in sliding contact with the wobble plate; that is, separation of the piston assembly from the wobble plate is thereby substantially prevented.

Abstract: A variable capacity single headed piston swash plate type refrigerant compressor is provided with a double fulcrum hinge mechanism having a pair of hinges for providing a pivotal connection between a rotary support element of a drive shaft and a swash plate assembly, causing reciprocation of a plurality of single headed pistons in cylinder bores for compressing a refrigerant gas. The pair of hinges of the double fulcrum hinge mechanism cooperate to absorb reaction forces of the compression and suction of the refrigerant gas acting from the pistons on the swash plate assembly to thereby prevent application of a local load to a sleeve element on which the swash plate assembly is turnably mounted.