Abstract: This invention relates to methods of removing impurities from compounds having similar volatilities to form ultra high purity compounds.

Abstract: A method for capturing CO2 from the ambient air by the use of solid tethered amine adsorbents, where the amine adsorbents are tethered to a substrate selected from the group of silica, metal oxides and polymer resins. The tethered amines are joined to the substrate by covalent bonding, achieved either by the ring-opening polymerization of aziridine on porous and non-porous supports, or by the reaction of mono-, di-, or tri-aminosilanes, with silica or a metal oxide having hydroxyl surface groups. The method includes the adsorption of CO2 from ambient air, the regeneration of the adsorbent at elevated temperatures not above 120° C. and the separation of purified CO2, followed by recycling of the regenerated tethered adsorbent for further adsorption of CO2 from the ambient atmosphere.

Abstract: A process for the reduction of carbon dioxide (or CO2) from various types of gas emitting sources containing carbon dioxide, including the reduction of carbon dioxide from industrial gas emitting sources via the use of an ion exchange material.

Abstract: Produced natural gas containing carbon dioxide is dehydrated and chilled to liquefy the carbon dioxide and then fractionated to produce a waste stream of liquid carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide. Natural gas liquids may be first separated and removed before fractionation. After fractionation, the waste stream is pressurized and transmitted to a remote injection well for injection either for disposal of the waste stream and preferably to urge hydrocarbons toward the producing well. A hydrocarbon stream proceeds from fractionation to a methanol absorber system which removes carbon dioxide gas. The hydrocarbon stream is thereafter separated into at least hydrocarbon gas, nitrogen and helium. Some of the nitrogen is reintroduced into a fractionation tower to enhance the recovery of hydrocarbons. A methanol recovery system is provided to recover and reuse the methanol. The hydrocarbons are sold as natural gas and the helium is recovered and sold. Excess nitrogen is vented.

Abstract: The system and method for recycling and using the heat from compressed gas produced by a biogas treatment plant. The system includes a biogas cleaning stage and a plurality of compression and heat exchanger stages that allows the heat generated by compressed gases to be harvested. After the heat is harvested, it is delivered to a jacketed vessel containing media used to remove contaminants from the biogas. The media inside the jacketed vessel requires regeneration or stripping of harmful VOCs and other contaminants picked up from the biogas. The system also includes an inert gas generator that creates hot inert gas that is delivered to the jacketed vessel that heats the media located therein to remove contaminants. Because the jacket vessel and the media are simultaneously heated, the system's heat-up time is reduced The system also includes a heat exchanger that partially recovers the heat from the inert gas.

Abstract: A method of processing a volatile organic compound is provided, wherein a volatile organic compound contained in gas to be treated is adsorbed in an adsorbent; the thus-adsorbed volatile organic compound is desorbed with the aid of steam and mixed in the steam; and the steam containing the volatile organic compound is combusted. This method further includes: separating a vessel for the adsorption and desorption into an inner side room and an outer side room by means of a separation member part of which is formed of the adsorbent; thermally retaining the vessel for the adsorption and desorption; at the time of adsorption, supplying the gas to be treated to the inner side room and therefrom to the outer side room; and at the time of desorption, supplying the steam to the outer side room and therefrom to the inner side room.

Abstract: A method of separating a target component from a chemical mixture comprising contacting a chemical mixture with a microporous coordination polymer. The microporous polymer is described by the formula: [M2(C8H2O6)] where M is a transition metal, rare earth metal, or other element from the groups consisting of HA through VB.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method and system for separating carbon dioxide (CO2) from a CO2 containing gas stream containing water vapor and additional impurities, for example, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and mercury. The CO2 is captured by subjecting the CO2 gas feed stream to a temperature swing adsorption step. The temperature swing adsorption step comprises an adsorption step for producing a substantially dry carbon dioxide-depleted stream, and an adsorbent regeneration step comprising heating the adsorbent bed to produce a substantially water vapor-free carbon dioxide stream. Moisture from the gas stream containing CO2 is optionally removed by pressure swing adsorption, temperature swing adsorption, membrane separation, or absorption prior to CO2 capture.

Abstract: A thermal sink is used to recover heat from a product gas leaving an adsorption vessel in a thermal swing adsorption process. Heat that is recovered from the product gas is used to heat a regeneration gas during the subsequent regeneration of the adsorbent material within the adsorption vessel. The step in which the regenerated bed of adsorbent material is cooled prior to returning to adsorption mode is eliminated.

Abstract: Systems and processes utilize one or more methods of providing overhead waste process heat to increase the feed temperature of the hot solvent stripping regeneration loop in an acid gas removal process. A heated rich solvent stream can be the primary feed for the hot solvent stripping regeneration loop, and one or more slip streams can be heated and then combined with the heated rich solvent stream to form a combined rich solvent stream prior to further processing in downstream units to remove acid gas from the solvent. A first slip stream can be heated in a stripper gas heat exchanger by heat exchange with a stripped gas stream. A second slip stream can be heated in a regenerator exchanger by heat exchange with an acid gas stream. A third slip stream can be heated in a recycle gas exchanger by heat exchange with a compressed recycle gas stream.

Abstract: A method for the purification of a feed gas stream containing CO2 and water and at least one impurity chosen from NOx and SOx, comprising the incorporation of a purification step for the preferential elimination of water is provided.

Abstract: An improved process for the separation of carbon dioxide from the flue gas of an oxy-combustion power plant is provided. At least a first product stream and a second product stream are separated from a flue gas stream, wherein the pressure of the first product stream and the pressure of the second product stream are different. The first product stream is warmed and vaporized. The second product stream is then warmed and vaporized.

Abstract: Systems and methods for processing methane and other gases are disclosed. A representative method in accordance with one embodiment includes directing a first portion of a gas stream through a first adsorbent while exchanging heat between a second adsorbent and a third adsorbent. The method can further include directing a second portion of the gas stream through the third adsorbent while exchanging heat between the first and second adsorbents. The method can still further include directing a third portion of the gas stream through the second adsorbent while exchanging heat between the first and third adsorbents. In further particular aspects, the adsorbent can be used to remove carbon dioxide from a flow of methane. In other particular aspects, a heat exchange fluid that is not in direct contact with the adsorbents is used to transfer heat among the adsorbents.

Abstract: In a TSA process of an at least two-component raw gas, to adjust for fluctuation in load, the cycle time of at least one method step is extended in the event of falling below the design load value.

Abstract: An adsorption system with a sorbent bed that includes at least two distinct layer with two different sorbent materials, one of the sorbents being a natural zeolite such as clinoptilolite. The clinoptilolite is particularly suited to be positioned at the outlet end of the bed.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate to a composite hydrogen storage material comprising active material particles and a binder, wherein the binder immobilizes the active material particles sufficient to maintain relative spatial relationships between the active material particles.

Abstract: A hydrogen purifying apparatus and method are provided for oxidizing and removing carbon monoxide (CO) in a modified gas containing CO in addition to a main component hydrogen gas. The apparatus and method use comprises a catalyst reaction segment having a catalyst layer for oxidizing CO, a material gas supplying segment for supplying the modified gas to the reaction segment via a material gas supply pathway, and an oxidant gas supplying segment for supplying an oxidant gas on the path of the material gas supply pathway. Preferably, the apparatus further comprises means for cooling the catalyst layer at the upstream side and means for heating the catalyst layer at the downstream side.

Abstract: A process and system for removing polar components from a process stream in a refinery process without cooling the process stream are disclosed. The process stream is fed to a first adsorber unit to remove contaminants containing sulfur from the process stream. The process stream is processed within the first adsorber unit to remove sulfur containing contaminants. The process stream is processed with the first adsorber unit at substantially the same elevated temperature. The process stream is processed within the first adsorber unit by exposing the process stream to at least one of a metal oxide and a mixed metal oxide to remove the sulfur containing contaminants from the process stream and produce a metal sulfide and a desulfurized process stream. The metal sulfide may be exposed to a stream of oxygen to regenerate the at least one of a metal oxide and a mixed metal oxide.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a process for purifying carbon monoxide-containing gas streams that contain impurities such as hydrocarbons by using a cryogenic adsorption process. Preferably this process is a temperature swing adsorption process at cryogenic temperatures below ?75° C. Alternatively, the carbon monoxide-containing gas streams may be purified using the cryogenic adsorption process with membrane separation units or vacuum swing adsorption units or cryogenic distillation.

Abstract: A cryogenic gas storage system for optimal desorption of adsorbed gases, wherein a gas storage material is subjected to enhanced, ample selected recirculation of gas of the same type as the adsorbed gas, at suitable temperature and pressure, so as to supply of heat energy to the material and thereby provide optimal desorption of the gas. Output gas is heated by ambient heat or dissipation heat utilizing at least one heat exchanger. A portion of the output gas goes to a gas consumer, the remainder is fed back to the container.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the selective separation of hydrogen (“H2”) hydrocarbons in streams containing both hydrogen and hydrocarbons (e.g. methane, ethylene, ethane, propylene, propane, etc.) utilizing a zeolitic imidazolate framework (“ZIF”) material. Preferably, the stream to be separated is fed to the present process in a substantially gaseous phase. In preferred embodiments, the current invention is utilized in either a pressure swing adsorption process, a temperature swing adsorption process, or a membrane separations process to separate hydrogen from hydrocarbons present in hydrogen production streams or petrochemical/petroleum refining product streams and intermediate streams.

Abstract: A fluid storage and dispensing apparatus including a fluid storage and dispensing vessel having a rectangular parallelepiped shape, and an integrated gas cabinet assembly including such fluid storage and dispensing apparatus and/or a point-of-use ventilation gas scrubber in the vented gas cabinet. By the use of physical adsorbent and chemical sorbent media, the gas cabinet can be enhanced in safety of operation, e.g., where the process gas supplied from the gas cabinet is of a toxic or otherwise hazardous character.

Abstract: The various embodiments of the present invention relate to compositions, apparatus, and methods comprising sorbent fibers. More particularly, various embodiments of the present invention are directed towards sorbent fiber compositions for temperature swing adsorption processes. Various embodiments of the present invention comprise sorbent fiber compositions, apparatus comprising a plurality of sorbent fibers, and methods of using the same for the capture of at least one component from a medium, for example CO2 from flue gas.

Abstract: The system and method for recycling the compress heat generated at a biogas treatment plant that includes the assembly of a heat exchanger at each stage of compression designed to utilizing all of the gas flow and to harvest the heat in gas delivered to the air exchangers. After the heat is harvested, it is then conveyed either as hot air, or as a hot liquid, to a jacketed vessel containing media that requires regeneration or stripping of harmful VOCs picked up during the purification of contaminated landfill or municipal digester gas. The harvesting and conveyance of the heat of compression of the gases to a jacket around the vessel interior (indirect contact) and simultaneously heating the vessel interior containing the spent media through hot gas from another source (direct contact), reduces the heat-up time. This also reduces the overall the cycle time between the contaminant pick-up step and contaminant stripping step in regenerable treatment systems.

Abstract: A pre-concentration device and a method are disclosed for concentrating gaseous vapors for analysis. Vapors sorbed and concentrated within the bed of the pre-concentration device are thermally desorbed, achieving at least partial separation of the vapor mixtures. The pre-concentration device is suitable, e.g., for pre-concentration and sample injection, and provides greater resolution of peaks for vapors within vapor mixtures, yielding detection levels that are 10-10,000 times better than direct sampling and analysis systems. Features are particularly useful for continuous unattended monitoring applications. The invention finds application in conjunction with, e.g., analytical instruments where low detection limits for gaseous vapors are desirable.

Abstract: A method and system that reduces the impact of packet loss on video data quality. Packet selection is performed by the method and system to selectively drop low priority packets so that the overall quality of the received video data may be improved. In one exemplary embodiment, the probability of higher priority layers being delivered on time is computed and a packet is transmitted only if this probability is greater than a given threshold h. In another exemplary embodiment, the system and method have the capability of backing up the process to transmit previously skipped packets, if time allows.

Abstract: Systems and methods for processing methane and other gases are disclosed. A representative method in accordance with one embodiment includes directing a first portion of a gas stream through a first adsorbent while exchanging heat between a second adsorbent and a third adsorbent. The method can further include directing a second portion of the gas stream through the third adsorbent while exchanging heat between the first and second adsorbents. The method can still further include directing a third portion of the gas stream through the second adsorbent while exchanging heat between the first and third adsorbents. In further particular aspects, the adsorbent can be used to remove carbon dioxide from a flow of methane. In other particular aspects, a heat exchange fluid that is not in direct contact with the adsorbents is used to transfer heat among the adsorbents.

Abstract: A packed bed of granulated porous glass is used to purify a gas mixture comprising two gases whose boiling points or sublimation points at one atmosphere are least 10° K apart.

Abstract: A water production unit is provided having two modes of operation for extracting water from exhaust and air.

Abstract: Decontamination systems and methods are disclosed. In one embodiment, a system comprises a first adsorption/desorption subsystem that is configured to receive a contaminated gaseous solution and remove substantially all of the contaminants from the contaminated gaseous solution during an adsorption cycle, while a second subsystem is configured to purge captured contaminants during a desorption cycle. An evacuator is configured to drive potentially flammable gas compositions from the subsystem operating in a desorption cycle back into the system such that potentially flammable gas compositions are purged from the subsystem operating in the desorption cycle at the beginning of the desorption cycle. A heat source is configured to heat contaminants adsorbed in the adsorption/desorption subsystems to remove the contaminants from the adsorption/desorption subsystems in a gaseous state during their respective desorption cycle.

Abstract: A method of processing a volatile organic compound is provided, wherein a volatile organic compound contained in gas to be treated is adsorbed in an adsorbent; the thus-adsorbed volatile organic compound is desorbed with the aid of steam and mixed in the steam; and the steam containing the volatile organic compound is combusted. This method further includes: separating a vessel for the adsorption and desorption into an inner side room and an outer side room by means of a separation member part of which is formed of the adsorbent; thermally retaining the vessel for the adsorption and desorption; at the time of adsorption, supplying the gas to be treated to the inner side room and therefrom to the outer side room; and at the time of desorption, supplying the steam to the outer side room and therefrom to the inner side room.

Abstract: A system and method for processing a matrix fluid to remove one or more impurities (such as moisture from a process gas). The purifier includes a pre-cooler that receives the matrix fluid and cools the matrix fluid to a second, lower temperature. A container is provided to contain a purifier element made up of a high surface area material. The container includes an inlet for receiving the matrix fluid from the pre-cooler and an outlet for outputting the matrix fluid after it is forced to flow through the purifier element. The purifier includes a cooler in thermal contact with an outer surface of the container to cool the outer surface of the container to a purifying temperature, which is selected to be below the ambient temperature and above a phase change point of the matrix fluid and is typically in the range of about 0 to ?200° C.

Abstract: Production of oxygen-enriched gas streams is disclosed herein. Air streams contact an oxygen-selective mixed conductor particularly a perovskite material whereby oxygen is retained or adsorbed on the perovskite and can be employed in a variety of processes such as in combusting a fuel gas, heat recovery and boiler related operations.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for decommissioning a fluid storage and dispensing system including a fluid storage and dispensing vessel containing adsorbent sorptively retaining residual fluid. The decommissioning involves removing the residual fluid, including superheating the adsorbent to temperature in a range of from (i) temperature substantially in excess of bulk desorption temperature of the fluid on the adsorbent, up to (ii) temperature substantially in excess of decomposition temperature of the fluid.

Abstract: A vehicular atmosphere cleansing system utilizes a regenerative wheel having flow channels extending through the wheel coated with an adsorbant. An atmosphere stream passes through a first position dependent portion of the wheel where VOC's including HC's are adsorbed while a heated atmosphere stream passes through a second position dependent regenerative portion of the wheel whereat VOC's are desorbed. The adsorbant is activated carbon having particles of micropore size adhered to the substrate by a silicone binder producing high adsorption efficiencies while withstanding relatively high regenerative heat temperatures resulting from exhaust gas sensible heat. A hydrocarbon senses HC in the desorbed heated atmosphere stream to rotatively and sequentially index pie shaped, segmented portions of the wheel into the wheel's regenerative region while also functioning as the main component of an OBD device for the system.

Abstract: An adsorber vessel for use in the adsorption of a component from a gas and subsequent regeneration by thermally induced desorption of the component comprises an inlet for regeneration gas having an inlet nozzle containing at least one heater element, and an outlet for regeneration gas, the inlet and outlet for regeneration being separated by a flow path including a flow chamber containing a body of adsorbent, and wherein the body of adsorbent has a first end which is adjacent the inlet for regeneration gas and a second end which is remote from the inlet for regeneration gas, and the or each heater element is located so as not to penetrate through the first end of the body of adsorbent.

Abstract: A fluid storage and delivery system utilizing a porous metal matrix that comprises at least one Group VIIIB metal therein. In one embodiment, the porous metal matrix forms a solid-phase metal adsorbent medium, with an average pore diameter of from about 0.5 nm to about 2 nm and a porosity of from about 10% to about 30%, which is particularly useful for sorptively storing and desorptively dispensing a low vapor pressure fluid, e.g., ClF3, HF, GeF4, Br2, etc. In another aspect, the porous metal matrix forms a solid-phase metal sorbent with an average pore diameter of from about 0.25 ?m to about 500 ?m and a porosity of from about 15% to about 95%, which can effectively immobilize low vapor pressure liquefied gas.

Abstract: In a method for removing carbon dioxide from the exhaust gas from a gas turbine plant (11), which exhaust gas is subjected to a downstream heat recovery process (12, 33), preferably in the heat recovery steam generator (33) of a water/steam cycle (12), a simplification of the plant engineering is achieved by the fact that the carbon dioxide is removed from the exhaust gas (39) between the gas turbine plant (11) and the heat recovery process (12, 33), and that a rotating, regenerative absorber/desorber (22) is used to remove the carbon dioxide, the absorber side of which absorber/desorber is connected into the exhaust gas stream (39) and the desorber side of which absorber/desorber is connected into a carbon dioxide cycle (38).

Abstract: Zeolite adsorbent, and method of production, exchanged with calcium and barium cations, for purifying or separating a gas or gas mixture, in particular air, so as to remove therefrom the impurities found therein, such as hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides (NxOy). The adsorbent is preferably an X or LSX zeolite and the gas purification process is of the TSA type.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for cleaning ambient air of a vehicular adsorption unit (8). The vehicle includes a combustion engine (1) and a passenger ventilation system (5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11). Adsorption takes place whether the engine (1) is running or not. During adsorption, a fan (11) forces ambient air from an inlet (6) to the ventilation system in a first direction, through an adsorption unit (8), and out of an outlet (10). To desorb when the engine is running, air is supplied to a heater (13). Heated air passes through the adsorption unit (8) to release pollutants and regenerate the unit. Pollutant-containing air passes through a second heater (4,16) and then through the first heater (13) to heat the ambient air. Finally, polluted air is drawn from the heat exchanger (13) to an intake conduit (3) of the engine (1).

Abstract: A purifier to purify exhaust gas includes a case, a plurality of metal sheets disposed in the case, a catalyst held to each of the metal sheets, partition plates disposed between the respective metal sheets, a metallic pipe disposed piercing through the metal sheets, and a catalyst heater disposed in the metallic pipe. The plurality of metal sheets are arranged at predetermined intervals, and each of the metal sheets has at least one through-hole. The partition plates serve to partition the spaces between the respective metal sheets. The exhaust gas is circulated through the spaces between the respective metal sheets and then passes through the through-holes and is exhausted from the outlet of the case. In this way, it is possible to increase the number of metal sheets without increase of the pressure loss and to enlarge the outer diameter of same. As a result, the exhaust gas purifying capacity will be improved.

Abstract: A system for recovering water from the atmosphere includes water sorbent assembly composed of a water adsorbent material and a heat exchanger. The water adsorbent material traps water present within the air drawn through the sorbent assembly. Once the sorbent assembly is fully saturated, exhaust gases generated from a power plant are routed through a heat exchanger in thermal contact with the water adsorbent material to remove water within the sorbent assembly into a condenser, and from the condenser to a water storage container.

Abstract: The present invention provides apparatus and methods for separating fluid components. In preferred embodiments, the apparatus and methods utilize microchannel devices with small distances for heat and mass transfer to achieve rapid cycle times and surprisingly large volumes of fluid components separated in short times using relatively compact hardware.

Abstract: A gas recovery system for improving the efficiency of abatement and/or implementing reclamation and reuse of unused feed materials in effluent of a semiconductor manufacturing facility, especially in instances in which substantial portions of feed material are unused. The effluent is treated to reversibly capture the unused feed material, e.g., at a capture locus such as a physical adsorbent, cold finger, cryotrap, heat exchanger/condenser, membrane separation unit, filter, etc., and the captured unused feed material then is released from the capture locus and processed for such abatement and/or reclamation and reuse.

Abstract: The present invention provides a gas purification system with improved efficiency, simpler construction, cost reduction, form factor improvements, and increased durability. The present invention provides cost and form factor improvements through fewer components overall and through utilizing multiple integrated components. Prior art gas purification system are more bulky and complicated. The present invention achieves increased thermal efficiency through utilization of a regenerative heat exchanger to recapture a portion of the heat energy transferred to the gas during the purification process. Prior art purifiers lacked a regenerative heat exchanger. The present invention integrates the two components into one integrated heater and purification vessel assembly. The present invention integrates the two discrete components into one integrated hydrogen sorption and particle filter assembly. The integrated hydrogen sorption and particle filter assembly is also capable of operating at higher temperatures.

Abstract: The present invention provides compact adsorption systems that are capable of rapid temperature swings and rapid cycling. Novel methods of thermal swing adsorption and thermally-enhanced pressure swing adsorption are also described. In some aspects of the invention, a gas is passed through the adsorbent thus allowing heat exchangers to be very close to all portions of the adsorbent and utilize less space. In another aspect, the adsorption media is selectively heated, thus reducing energy costs. Methods and systems for gas adsorption/desorption having improved energy efficiency with capability of short cycle times are also described. Advantages of the invention include the ability to use (typically) 30-100 times less adsorbent compared to conventional systems.

Abstract: In a method for removing carbon dioxide from the exhaust gas from a gas turbine plant (11), which exhaust gas is subjected to a downstream heat recovery process (12, 33), preferably in the heat recovery steam generator (33) of a water/steam cycle (12), a simplification of the plant engineering is achieved by the fact that the carbon dioxide is removed from the exhaust gas (39) between the gas turbine plant (11) and the heat recovery process (12, 33), and that a rotating, regenerative absorber/desorber (22) is used to remove the carbon dioxide, the absorber side of which absorber/desorber is connected into the exhaust gas stream (39) and the desorber side of which absorber/desorber is connected into a carbon dioxide cycle (38).

Abstract: In a method for removing carbon dioxide from the exhaust gas from a gas turbine plant (11), which exhaust gas is subjected to a downstream heat recovery process (12, 33), preferably in the heat recovery steam generator (33) of a water/steam cycle (12), a simplification of the plant engineering is achieved by the fact that the carbon dioxide is removed from the exhaust gas (39) between the gas turbine plant (11) and the heat recovery process (12, 33), and that a rotating, regenerative absorber/desorber (22) is used to remove the carbon dioxide, the absorber side of which absorber/desorber is connected into the exhaust gas stream (39) and the desorber side of which absorber/desorber is connected into a carbon dioxide cycle (38).

Abstract: A method for removing moisture from gas containing vapor of a solvent using a dry dehumidifier, includes removing moisture from at least a part of dehumidifier regenerating outlet gas and reusing the dehumidified gas as regenerating gas. Reuse of partial gas on the regenerating outlet side makes it possible to condense efficiently vapor of a solvent contained in exhaust gas as dehumidification is continued, to produce small quantity of high concentration gas thereby, and in case of making removal treatment of vapor of a solvent to miniaturize an apparatus for this purpose as well as to reduce prominently costs required for equipments and others.

Abstract: A novel method and apparatus to dehumidify air provides enhanced dehumidification efficiency over conventional dehumidification apparatuses. A reusable dehumidification element disk provides a disk section to strip water from an air stream. The disk is rotated so that the saturated disk section enters a separate chamber where the water can be stripped from the disk with a stream of regeneration air. The regeneration air stream is recycled and is not split from or mixed with the air stream requiring dehumidification. The result is a more efficient dehumidification than in appara- tuses which require the influent air stream to be divided into separate streams for dehumidification and regeneration functions.