Abstract: A gas separation process for treating exhaust gases from the combustion of gaseous fuels, and gaseous fuel combustion processes including such gas separation. The invention involves routing a first portion of the exhaust stream to a carbon dioxide capture step, while simultaneously flowing a second portion of the exhaust gas stream across the feed side of a membrane, flowing a sweep gas stream, usually air, across the permeate side, then passing the permeate/sweep gas back to the combustor.

Abstract: A method of using a crystallographic framework of sterically bulky calixarene molecules to selectively separate and/or store volatile gas components. Sterically bulky calix[4]arenes or their derivatives form a crystalline lattice that has relatively large lattice voids, is nonporous, and is held together predominately by van der Weals forces. The calix[4]arene lattice can form a guest-host assembly by absorbing a desired volatile gas guest component into the crystalline lattice without any phase shift or other change to the lattice structure. The crystalline calixarene can also be desirably used to purify a gas mixture by removing one or more volatile gas contaminants or by removing and storing the desired volatile gas component. This method can preferably be used to purify a hydrogen gas stream by removing the carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide contaminants or to remove and store oxygen from the air or carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide from combustion gases.

Abstract: A method and system for coal-to-liquids (CTL) conversion is provided. The system includes a coal gasifier configured to partially oxidize a coal fuel stream to generate a flow of synthesis gas (syngas), a Fischer-Tropsch (FT) reactor configured to receive the flow of syngas and to generate a stream of tail gas, and an absorber coupled in flow communication downstream of the FT reactor and configured to receive the stream of tail gas. The absorber is further configured to generate a first flow including carbon dioxide, C2 hydrocarbons, and higher boiling gas components (C3+) and a second flow including C1, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and nitrogen. The system also includes a first membrane separator including a selective membrane configured to separate the second flow from the absorber generating a permeate flow of hydrogen and a non-permeate flow of combustion turbine fuel gas including methane and hydrogen.

Abstract: An article comprising a substrate; and a carboxylic acid alkali salt disposed on the substrate, wherein the carboxylic acid alkali salt is derived from a carboxylic acid having at least one dissociation constant greater than or equal to 5. The article may be useful, for example, in the removal of an acid gas component from a gas.

Abstract: New and useful system and method concepts are provided, for removing carbon dioxide from a flow of carbon dioxide laden air. More specifically, a sorbent structure is used in new and useful structures and techniques to bind carbon dioxide in a carbon dioxide laden air stream, and process heat is used to separate carbon dioxide from the sorbent structure and regenerate the sorbent structure.

Abstract: Systems and methods for circulating air in an enclosed environment are disclosed. An inlet can be provided to receive an outside air from outside of the enclosed environment and an air handling unit coupled to the inlet to receive the outside air through the inlet and configured to receive a circulated air from the enclosed environment. The air handling unit can be configured to affect a temperature of at least one of the received outside air and the received circulated air. Based on the received outside air and the received circulated air, the air handling unit can be further configured to generate air for supplying to the enclosed environment.

Abstract: A fluid treatment method reduces a concentration of a first component included in a fluid-to-be-treated. A fluid treatment apparatus reduces a concentration of a first component included in a fluid-to-be-treated. A concentration of a second component differing from the first component is reduced in the fluid-to-be-treated in order to obtain a first fluid. The first fluid passes through at least part of an adsorption unit in order to obtain a second fluid. The adsorption unit is capable of adsorbing both the first component and the second component and has at least an ability to adsorb the first component that is temperature dependent. A third fluid pass through a portion of the adsorption unit through which the first fluid has passed. The third fluid has a concentration of the second component that is lower than in the fluid-to-be-treated and a temperature that is higher than the fluid-to-be-treated.

Abstract: The present invention describes the use of isostructural zeolites with rho zeolitic structure in processes of adsorption and separation of the various components of natural gas.

Abstract: A system and method of purifying gaseous carbon dioxide from a gaseous mixture obtained at low pressure from a flue gas by passing the gaseous mixture through a vacuum swing adsorption unit and then a gas purification unit to produce carbon dioxide having a purity of approximately 97% by volume or more.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of CO2 from a flue gas is provided. This process includes compressing a flue gas to a first pressure, cooling the flue gas to a first temperature, and drying flue gas by a drying means. This process includes adsorbing CO2 in a first adsorbent bed, wherein the first adsorbent bed is isothermally maintained by a first cooling means. The process includes pressurizing the first adsorbent bed to a second pressure with CO2 at a second temperature, wherein the second pressure is greater than the initial pressure, wherein the second temperature is greater than the initial temperature.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for removing a contaminant, such as carbon dioxide, from a gas stream, such as ambient air. The contaminant is removed from the gas stream by a sorbent which may be regenerated using a humidity swing, a thermal swing, or a combination thereof. The sorbent may be a substrate having embedded positive ions and individually mobile negative ions wherein the positive ions are sufficiently spaced to prevent interactions between the negative ions. Where a thermal swing is used, heat may be conserved by employing a heat exchanger to transfer heat from the regenerated sorbent to an amount of sorbent that is loaded with the contaminant prior to regeneration.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a nanoporous hybrids formed by covalent bonding between a crystalline organic-inorganic hybrid and a gigantic mesoporous metal oxide, containing organic groups on the surface thereof, having a size of 10 nm or more. Since the covalently-bonded hybrid nanoporous composite has a large surface area, a multiple microporous structure, a large pore volume and includes an organic-inorganic hybrid having backbone flexibility, the covalently-bonded hybrid nanoporous composite can be used as materials for storing liquids and gases, such as hydrogen, methane and the like, and can be used as adsorbents, separating materials, catalysts, and the like. Further, the covalently-bonded hybrid nanoporous hybrids can be used in the application fields of biomolecule supporting, drug delivery, harmful material removal, nanoparticle supporter, sensors, catalysis, adsorbents, fluorescent materials, solar cells, and the like.

Abstract: A method for removing negatively-charged gas molecules includes the steps of: adsorbing negatively-charged gas molecules by a substrate carrying a positively-charged substance or a positively-charged substance and a negatively-charged substance on the surface of the substrate or in a surface layer of the substrate; and desorbing the aforementioned negatively-charged gas molecules adsorbed on the aforementioned substrate, from the substrate using a fluid. According to the present invention, negatively-charged gas molecules are removed or detoxified by adsorbing the same by a substrate carrying a positively-charged substance, or a positively-charged substance and a negatively-charged substance, on the surface of the substrate. Thereby, it is possible to provide a simple process by which negatively-charged gas molecules are able to be effectively and economically removed or detoxified.

Abstract: An improved two stage pressure swing adsorption process for producing enriched oxygen and separating nitrogen or oxygen from a feed air stream. The process utilizes two-stage pressure swing adsorption plants which are serially connected. In the first stage, carbon dioxide, water and part of nitrogen are removed and nitrogen is concentrated. In the second stage nitrogen is further separated from the effluent intermediate gas from the adsorption step in the adsorption towers of the first stage and oxygen is concentrated to the desired concentration. In the first stage the adsorption towers go through the steps in turn in a cycle: Adsorption, Purge, evacuation, countercurrent pressure equalization rising of the second stage gas, purge gas pressurization, and final pressurization. In the second stage the adsorption towers go through the steps in turn in a cycle: Adsorption, countercurrent pressure equalization falling, and final pressurization.

Abstract: A method for separating CO2 from a gas stream comprised of CO2 and other gaseous constituents using a zeolite sorbent in a swing-adsorption process, producing a high temperature CO2 stream at a higher CO2 pressure than the input gas stream. The method utilizes CO2 desorption in a CO2 atmosphere and effectively integrates heat transfers for optimizes overall efficiency. H2O adsorption does not preclude effective operation of the sorbent. The cycle may be incorporated in an IGCC for efficient pre-combustion CO2 capture. A particular application operates on shifted syngas at a temperature exceeding 200° C. and produces a dry CO2 stream at low temperature and high CO2 pressure, greatly reducing any compression energy requirements which may be subsequently required.

Abstract: In a method of capturing carbon dioxide in a gas, carbon dioxide in a gas is adsorbed to the hybrid adsorbent prepared by mixing an adsorbent with iron oxide nanoparticles, microwaves are irradiated to the hybrid adsorbent and the carbon dioxide adsorbed to the hybrid adsorbent is desorbed from the hybrid adsorbent, and the carbon dioxide desorbed from the hybrid adsorbent is captured.

Abstract: A system (10) for removing carbon dioxide from a process gas generated during the combustion of a fuel comprises at least one absorption vessel (12, 14) through which the process gas may be forwarded. The absorption vessel (12, 14) is provided with a sorbent material (50) which is operative for reversibly collecting carbon dioxide from the process gas being forwarded through the sorbent material (50). The sorbent material (50) comprises at least one amine, at least one carbon dioxide activating catalyst, and at least one porous material supporting the at least one catalyst and the at least one amine.

Abstract: A sorbent for the capture of carbon dioxide from a gas stream is provided, the sorbent containing calcium oxide (CaO) and at least one refractory dopant having a Tammann temperature greater than about 530° C., wherein the refractory dopant enhances resistance to sintering, thereby conserving performance of the sorbent at temperatures of at least about 530° C. Also provided are doped CaO sorbents for the capture of carbon dioxide in the presence of SO2.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for preparing a dry regenerable sorbent which comprises the steps of obtaining a slurry through formulation, mixing, comminuting and dispersion of the sorbent raw materials, forming the slurry by spray drying to produce sorbent particles, and calcining the sorbent particles. In the step of obtaining a slurry, there is used organic additives (dispersant, a flow control agent, and an organic binder) necessary to obtain a well-dispersed, stable and free-flowing slurry in which the raw materials are present below a sub-micron level (nanosize). The organic additives are removed and decomposed through the calcining. The use of the hydrophilic and high specific surface area support allows the dry regenerable sorbent to have a high reactivity. The solid active component is used instead of a liquid amine used in a conventional wet carbon dioxide capture technology. In addition, the sorbent can be re-used through continuous sorption and regeneration processes.

Abstract: A composition of matter, and method to make same, for a nano-based material including a nanocarbon support to which is attached an aliphatic amine. In particular, the composition of matter is an aliphatic amine-nanocarbon material that includes a nanocarbon (NC) support, such as C60, nano-graphite, graphene, nanocarbon ribbons, graphite intercalation compounds, graphite oxide, nano-coal, nanohorns, and combinations thereof, and further includes an aliphatic amine, such as polyethyleneimine (PEI).

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods for removing CO2 from air, which comprises exposing sorbent covered surfaces to the air. The invention also provides for an apparatus for exposing air to a CO2 sorbent. In another aspect, the invention provides a method and apparatus for separating carbon dioxide (CO2) bound in a sorbent.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for extracting CO2 from air comprising an anion exchange material formed in a matrix exposed to a flow of the air, and for delivering that extracted CO2 to controlled environments. The present invention contemplates the extraction of CO2 from air using conventional extraction methods or by using one of the extraction methods disclosed; e.g., humidity swing or electro dialysis. The present invention also provides delivery of the CO2 to greenhouses where increased levels of CO2 will improve conditions for growth. Alternatively, the CO2 is fed to an algae culture.

Abstract: A method and a system capable of removing carbon dioxide directly from ambient air, and obtaining relatively pure CO2. The method comprises the steps of generating usable and process heat from a primary production process; applying the process heat from said primary process to water to co-generate substantially saturated steam, alternately repeatedly exposing a sorbent to removal and to capture and regeneration system phases, wherein said sorbent is alternately exposed to a flow of ambient air during said removal phase, thereby enabling said sorbent to sorb, and therefore remove, carbon dioxide from said ambient air, and to a flow of the co-generated steam during the regeneration and capture phase, after the sorbent has adsorbed the carbon dioxide, thereby enabling regeneration of such sorbent, and the resultant capture in relatively pure form of the adsorbed carbon dioxide.

Abstract: An adsorbent vessel and process for using the adsorbent vessel subject to thermal swing expansion/contraction is disclosed where the adsorbent vessel comprises a support screen affixed to the adsorption vessel subject to thermal swing expansion/contraction and where a first section of the support screen extends along a portion of the length of the adsorption vessel subject to thermal swing expansion/contraction in the axial direction and comprises apertures permitting gas permeation and where the first section of the support screen has a cross-section in the axial direction that is arcuate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an agglomerated zeolite adsorbent containing at least one polymer matrix that is greatly laden with at least one zeolite adsorbent. The invention also relates to the method for preparing such an adsorbent and to the uses thereof, particularly as an adsorbent of moisture, odors, volatile organic components, and the like.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a structure having a core-shell configuration. The core comprises a predetermined adsorber solid material, and the shell at least partially surrounding the core comprises a predetermined humidity controlling material, thereby enabling using said adsorber solid material for interacting with and thus storing therein a predetermined adsorbable gas under desired environmental conditions. The invention also discloses a pressure vessel for use in storing at least one gas.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are combustion systems and power plants that incorporate sweep-based membrane separation units to remove carbon dioxide from combustion gases. In its most basic embodiment, the invention is a combustion system that includes three discrete units: a combustion unit, a carbon dioxide capture unit, and a sweep-based membrane separation unit. In a preferred embodiment, the invention is a power plant including a combustion unit, a power generation system, a carbon dioxide capture unit, and a sweep-based membrane separation unit. In both of these embodiments, the carbon dioxide capture unit and the sweep-based membrane separation unit are configured to be operated in parallel, by which we mean that each unit is adapted to receive exhaust gases from the combustion unit without such gases first passing through the other unit.

Abstract: A gas separation process for treating flue gases from combustion processes, and combustion processes including such gas separation. The invention involves routing a first portion of the flue gas stream to be treated to a carbon dioxide capture step, while simultaneously flowing a second portion of the flue gas across the feed side of a membrane, flowing a sweep gas stream, usually air, across the permeate side, then passing the permeate/sweep gas to the combustor.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are combustion systems, power plants, and flue gas treatment systems that incorporate sweep-based membrane separation units to remove carbon dioxide from combustion gases. In its most basic embodiment, the invention is a combustion system that includes three discrete units: a combustion unit, a carbon dioxide capture unit, and a sweep-based membrane separation unit. In a preferred embodiment, the invention is a power plant including a combustion unit, a power generation system, a carbon dioxide capture unit, and a sweep-based membrane separation unit. In yet another embodiment, the invention is a flue gas treatment system that incorporates three membrane separation units with a carbon dioxide liquefaction unit.

Abstract: NO2 may be removed from a carbon dioxide feed gas comprising NOx and at least one “non-condensable” gas as contaminants by passing the feed gas at a first elevated pressure through a first adsorption system that selectively adsorbs at least NO2 to produce at least substantially NO2-free carbon dioxide gas. The adsorption system is at least partially regenerated using a carbon dioxide-rich gas recovered from the substantially NO2-free carbon dioxide gas after purification. The invention has particular application in removing NOx and water from flue gas generated by oxyfuel combustion.

Abstract: An apparatus for capture of CO2 from the atmosphere comprising an anion exchange material formed in a matrix exposed to a flow of the air.

Abstract: A panel air filter assembly, for use in heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, which has a single filter element with multiple portions. The single filter element is sectioned into substantially equally-dimensioned and separate filter portions. Each of the filter portions includes a specific type of medium and is distinct from one another, so as to remove different types of contaminants from the outdoor supply air before entering heating, ventilating and air conditioning systems. A waterproof paperboard frame securely supports the filter element at the filter element's marginal edges.

Abstract: A filter includes a membrane having pores and that is air permeable. A nanoparticle precursor is dispersed throughout the pores, and the nanoparticle precursor is responsive to a stimulus to form a catalytically active nanoparticle. An associated method is also provided.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method and apparatus for removing a contaminant, such as carbon dioxide, from a gas stream, such as ambient air. The contaminant is removed from the gas stream by a sorbent, which is regenerated in a regeneration unit either by utilizing a thermal swing or a humidity swing or a combination thereof. Heat is conserved in the present disclosure by employing a heat exchanger to transfer heat from the regenerated sorbent to an amount of sorbent that is loaded with the contaminant prior to regeneration. The heat exchanger may employ water or another fluid as a refrigerant to draw heat from the regenerated sorbent and transferring that heat to the loaded sorbent.

Abstract: An apparatus for capture of CO2 from the atmosphere comprising an anion exchange material formed in a matrix exposed to a flow of the air.

Abstract: A gas purifier of the present invention includes a purifier in which a gas-purifying agent is packed, wherein a gas is fed into the purifier, and impurities in the gas are removed by a thermal swing adsorption method, in which an amount A of the gas-purifying agent is determined such that an impurities-removing capacity possessed by half of the amount A of the gas-purifying agent is equal to the total amount of impurities in the gas to be purified in one purification step, and the amount of the gas-purifying agent packed in the purifier is the amount A or more.

Abstract: The disclosure provides methods and systems for sequestering and/or reducing sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides and/or carbon dioxide present in industrial effluent fluid streams. A solid particulate material comprising a slag component, a binder component (distinct from the slag component), and optionally water is formed and then contacted with the effluent fluid stream to reduce at least one of the sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and/or carbon dioxide. The contacting of the effluent stream may occur in a packed bed reactor with the solid dry particulate material. Methods of reducing pollutants from exhaust generated by combustion sources, lime and/or cement kilns, iron and/or steel furnaces, and the like are provided.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for removing carbon dioxide from a gas stream without consuming excess energy, wherein a solid sorbent material is used to capture the carbon dioxide. The solid sorbent material may utilize a water-swing for regeneration. Various geometric configurations are disclosed for advantageous recovery of CO2 and regeneration of the sorbent material.

Abstract: A method for removing contaminants from a natural gas stream such as a biogas/landfill gas stream. The natural gas stream is fed to a first adsorption unit for removal of certain contaminants and then to a second adsorption unit for the removal of additional contaminants. Alternatively, a membrane stage may be employed between the adsorption units. The method utilizes the external purge to enhance pressure swing adsorption working capacity so that the vacuum level required for regeneration is not as high.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods for removing CO2 from air, which comprises exposing sorbent covered surfaces to the air. The invention also provides for an apparatus for exposing air to a CO2 sorbent. In another aspect, the invention provides a method and apparatus for separating carbon dioxide (CO2) bound in a sorbent.

Abstract: In various implementations, various feed gas streams which include hydrogen and carbon monoxide may be processed for conversion to product streams. For example, the feed gas stream may be processed using the Fischer-Tropsch process or a methanol synthesis process. Unconverted hydrogen and carbon monoxide can be recycled at high recovery and/or inert components removed to prevent build-up in the recycle system by using an arrangement of pressure swing adsorption systems designed to recover impure product gas streams.

Abstract: Provided herein are adsorbents and methods of using the adsorbents to at least partially remove one or more adsorbates. In an aspect, an adsorbate within a phase is at least partially removed by providing an adsorbent material and contacting the adsorbent material with the phase having an adsorbate, to at least partially remove the adsorbate. Various adsorbents are disclosed having the chemical formula RE1-x-y-zBxB?yB?zOw, where RE is RE is a rare earth metal, B is a trivalent metal ion, B? is a transition metal ion or an alkaline earth element, B? is a transition metal ion, 0?x?0.25, 0?y?0.95, 0?z?0.75, w is a number which results in charge balance, and x+y+z<1.

Abstract: A method for determining the consumption of a CO2 absorber (8) in a respirator with a rebreathing system, with a fresh gas mixer (1) and with a computing and control unit (10). The rebreathing system has a respiration drive (2), a volume flow sensor (3) located in the inspiratory branch, a CO2 absorber (8) located in the expiratory branch, whose output, combined with that of the fresh gas mixer (1), is fed into the inspiratory branch, a breathing gas escape valve (7) and a breathing gas reservoir (9). The computing and control unit (10) is connected to the fresh gas mixer (1), to the respiration drive (2) and to the volume flow sensor (3) in order to receive signals and send control commands. The fresh gas volume flow FG discharged from the fresh gas mixer (1) and the inspiration volume flow I flowing into the inspiratory branch are determined in the method in the computing and control unit (10).

Abstract: A method is provided for separating CO2 from an exhaust gas flow of a combustion process. The method includes: compressing the gas flow and cooling the compressed gas flow. The method also includes feeding the cooled gas flow to a swirl nozzle and separating the CO2 from the gas flow in the swirl nozzle. The method also includes discharging the CO2 which is separated in the swirl nozzle from the swirl nozzle for separate further treatment. A CO2 separating device is also provided that separates CO2 from an exhaust gas flow of a combustion process that operates with fossil fuels. The device includes a swirl nozzle which is exposed to through-flow of the gas flow, a compressor located upstream or downstream of the swirl nozzle, and a plurality of cooling devices which are provided upstream of the swirl nozzle for cooling of the gas flow which comes from the compressor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hybrid nano sorbent that is capable of reducing and/or removing acidic gases in a gas stream. The hybrid nano sorbent includes at least (i) a nano-structured carbonous material including at least one organic functional group, (ii) at least one metal from at least one of groups 2A, 6B, 7B, 9B or 10B of the periodic table of elements, or (iii) a combination of (i) and (ii). The method for reducing and/or removing the acidic gases in a stream is also described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to reducible porous crystalline solids, constituted of a metal-organic framework (MOF), for the separation of mixtures of molecules having different unsaturation degrees and/or a different number of unsaturations with a selectivity that can be adjusted by controlling the reduction of the MOF. The MOF solids of the present invention, after reduction, have a strong affinity for molecules containing at least one unsaturation. They can be used in various separation processes, especially those relating to hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A method for processing a CO2-containing gas in order to reduce the carbon dioxide content thereof, includes contacting the gas with a compound of at least one rare earth element, whereby the carbon dioxide is adsorbed onto the compound and a carbon dioxide-depleted gas is thus obtained; such compound is more particularly an oxide, and the rare earth element is particularly selected from among cerium, lanthanum or praseodymium.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and a multi-component system for adsorbing contaminants and/or pollutants from a contaminated hot fluid by using a turbulent air stream, to adiabatically cool the temperature of the fluid, in association with one or more adsorbents. The system of the present invention can also be coupled to a recovery and recycling unit to recover and recycle the contaminant and/or pollutant and the adsorbent material.

Abstract: A regenerative process for the capture, sequester, and negative ionization of carbon dioxide for expulsion of the species within a geomagnetic polar region for subsequent treatment by high frequency electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: A gas separation process for treating flue gases from combustion processes, and combustion processes including such gas separation. The invention involves flowing the flue gas stream to be treated across the feed side of a membrane, flowing a sweep gas stream, usually air, across the permeate side, then passing the permeate/sweep gas to the combustor.