Abstract: A mechanism is provided for manipulating a molecule. The molecule is driven into a nanochannel filed with electrically conductive fluid. A first vertical electric field is created inside the nanochannel to slow down the molecule and/or immobilize the molecule. The molecule is stretched into non-folded linear chains by the first vertical electric field and a horizontal electric field. Monomers of the molecule are sequentially read.

Abstract: A thermoacoustic device includes a substrate, a sound wave generator and a signal device. The substrate has a net structure and includes a number of first wires and a number of second wires. The first wires and the second wires are crossed with each other. Each of the first wires includes a composite wire. The composite wire includes a carbon nanotube wire structure and a coating layer wrapping the carbon nanotube wire structure. The sound wave generator is located on a surface of the substrate and includes a carbon film. The signal input device is configured to input signals to the sound wave generator.

Abstract: A water treatment composition capable of effectively adsorbing pollutants from water is described. The composition includes magnetic extractants, which comprise magnetite nanoparticles containing functional groups. The composition is used to remove from water and aqueous streams oils and other contaminants. A process for removing contaminants from water and apparatus used in the process are also described.

Abstract: A mechanism is provided for manipulating a molecule. The molecule is driven into a nanochannel filed with electrically conductive fluid. A first vertical electric field is created inside the nanochannel to slow down the molecule and/or immobilize the molecule. The molecule is stretched into non-folded linear chains by the first vertical electric field and a horizontal electric field. Monomers of the molecule are sequentially read.

Abstract: An apparatus for investigating a molecule comprising a channel provided in a substrate, a metallic moiety capable of plasmon resonance which is associated with the channel in a position suitable for the electromagnetic field produced by the metallic moiety to interact with a molecule passing therethrough, means to induce a molecule to pass through the channel, means to induce surface plasmon resonance in the metallic moiety; and means to detect interaction between the electromagnetic field produced by the metallic moiety and a molecule passing through the channel. Methods of investigating molecules are also provided.

Abstract: A thermoacoustic device includes a substrate, at least two sound wave generators and at least two signal input devices. The substrate has at least two surfaces. Each of the at least two sound wave generators is located on each of the at least two surfaces. At least one of the at least two sound wave generator includes a carbon film. The carbon film includes at least one carbon nanotube layer and at least one graphene layer stacked with each other. The at least two signal input devices are configured to input signals to the at least two sound wave generator in a one by one manner.

Abstract: A thermoacoustic device includes a substrate, at least two sound wave generators and at least two signal input devices. The substrate has at least two surfaces. Each of the at least two sound wave generators is located on each of the at least two surfaces. At least one of the at least two sound wave generator includes a carbon film. The carbon film includes at least one carbon nanotube layer and at least one graphene layer stacked with each other. The at least two signal input devices are configured to input signals to the at least two sound wave generator separately.

Abstract: Semiconductor devices are formed with a nano-electro-mechanical system (NEMS) logic or memory on a bulk substrate. Embodiments include forming source/drain regions directly on a bulk substrate, forming a fin connecting the source/drain regions, forming two gates, one on each side of the fin, the two gates being insulated from the bulk substrate, and forming a substrate gate in the bulk substrate. The fin is separated from each of the two gates and the substrate gate with an air gap.

Abstract: An apparatus for investigating a molecule comprising a channel provided in a substrate, a metallic moiety capable of plasmon resonance which is associated with the channel in a position suitable for the electromagnetic field produced by the metallic moiety to interact with a molecule passing therethrough, means to induce a molecule to pass through the channel, means to induce surface plasmon resonance in the metallic moiety; and means to detect interaction between the electromagnetic field produced by the metallic moiety and a molecule passing through the channel. Methods of investigating molecules are also provided.

Abstract: A nanostructure and methods of synthesizing same. In one embodiment, the nanostructure includes a nanospecies, a hydrophobic protection structure including at least one compound selected from a capping ligand, an amphiphilic copolymer, and combinations thereof, wherein the hydrophobic protection structure encapsulates the nanospecies, and at least one histidine-tagged peptide or protein conjugated to the hydrophobic protection structure, wherein the at least one histidine-tagged peptide or protein has at least one binding site.

Abstract: A fluid conveyance device includes a substrate, and a disk-shaped piezoelectric element arranged in a bendable manner on the substrate. A plurality of substantially circular concentric segment electrodes are provided on the piezoelectric element, and are provided with voltages with phases that are shifted. A wavy ring deformation is thus produced on the piezoelectric element. A pocket produced between the piezoelectric element and the substrate is moved in a radial direction so as to convey a fluid from an outer substantially circular portion to a central portion and to discharge the fluid from the central portion.

Abstract: A fluid conveyance device includes a substrate, and a disk-shaped piezoelectric element arranged in a bendable manner on the substrate. A plurality of substantially circular concentric segment electrodes are provided on the piezoelectric element, and are provided with voltages with phases that are shifted. A wavy ring deformation is thus produced on the piezoelectric element. A pocket produced between the piezoelectric element and the substrate is moved in a radial direction so as to convey a fluid from an outer substantially circular portion to a central portion and to discharge the fluid from the central portion.

Abstract: A thermoacoustic device includes a sound wave generator and a signal input device. The sound wave generator includes a carbon film. The carbon film includes at least one carbon nanotube layer and at least one graphene layer stacked on each other. The signal input device inputs signals to the sound wave generator.

Abstract: Provided is a method for manufacturing a metal oxide hollow nanoparticles with excellent properties more easily and simply by a chemical vapor condensation employing metal ?-diketonates as precursors, and a metal oxide hollow nanoparticles manufactured by the method. The method includes: preparing metal ?-diketonate as a precursor; evaporating the metal ?-diketonate at a predetermined temperature higher than a melting point of the metal ?-diketonate; transferring the evaporated metal ?-diketonate into a reaction region; thermally decomposing the transferred gaseous metal ?-diketonate and simultaneously inducing a reaction of the transferred gaseous metal ?-diketonate with oxygen to synthesize the metal oxide hollow nanoparticle; and condensing and collecting the synthesized metal oxide hollow nanoparticles.

Abstract: A monolithic micro or nano electromechanical transducer device includes a pair of substrates (20, 25) respectively mounting one or more elongate electrical conductors (40) and resilient solid state hinge means (30, 32) integral with and linking the substrates to relatively locate the substrates so that respective elongate electrical conductors (40) of the substrates are opposed at a spacing that permits a detectable quantum tunnelling current between the conductors when a suitable electrical potential difference is applied across the conductors. The solid state hinge means permits relative parallel translation of the substrates transverse to the elongate electrical conductors.

Abstract: A cMUT-type capacitive electroacoustic transducer including: at least one membrane configured to oscillate under effect of an electric field and/or an acoustic wave, wherein the membrane is formed from one or more layers of juxtaposed nanotubes or nanowires or nanorods, and an acoustic imaging device or UHF sonar including such transducers.

Abstract: A poly(ether-ketone) composite of the formula: wherein CNF is carbon nanofibers and MWNT is multi-walled carbon nanotubes; wherein Ar represents ether-ketone repeating groups of the formula wherein Q is —O— or —O—(CH2)n—O—, wherein n has a value of 2-12; wherein R is —H, —CH3, or —C2H5, m has a value of 1 or 2; wherein R? is —H or —CH3; and wherein — denoted the presence of a direct C—C bond between Ar and CNF or MWNTg Also provided is a process for preparing the composite.

Abstract: Method for making multifunctional particles. The method includes flowing a first monomer stream loaded with a fluorescent entity along a microfluidic channel and flowing a second monomer stream loaded with a probe adjacent to the first monomer stream along the microfluidic channel. The monomer streams are polymerized to synthesize particles having a fluorescent, graphically encoded region and a probe-loaded region.

Abstract: The present invention improves mechanical strength of a micro-electro-mechanical device (MEMS) having a movable portion to improve reliability. In a micro-electro-mechanical device (MEMS) having a movable portion, a portion which has been a hollow portion in the case of a conventional structure is filled with a filler material. As the filler material, a block copolymer that is highly flexible is used, for example. By filling the hollow portion, mechanical strength improves. Besides, warpage of an upper portion of a structure body in the manufacture process is prevented, whereby yield improves. A micro-electro-mechanical device thus manufactured is highly reliable.

Abstract: A nanoscale nanocrystal which may be used as a reciprocating motor is provided, comprising a substrate having an energy differential across it, e.g. an electrical connection to a voltage source at a proximal end; an atom reservoir on the substrate distal to the electrical connection; a nanoparticle ram on the substrate distal to the atom reservoir; a nanolever contacting the nanoparticle ram and having an electrical connection to a voltage source, whereby a voltage applied between the electrical connections on the substrate and the nanolever causes movement of atoms between the reservoir and the ram. Movement of the ram causes movement of the nanolever relative to the substrate. The substrate and nanolever preferably comprise multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and the atom reservoir and nanoparticle ram are preferably metal (e.g. indium) deposited as small particles on the MWNTs.

Abstract: A MEMS device comprising a flexible membrane that is free to move in response to pressure differences generated by sound waves. A first electrode mechanically coupled to the flexible membrane, and together form a first capacitive plate. A second electrode mechanically coupled to a generally rigid structural layer or back-plate, which together form a second capacitive plate. A back-volume is provided below the membrane. A first cavity located directly below the membrane. Interposed between the first and second electrodes is a second cavity. A plurality of bleed holes connect the first cavity and the second cavity. Acoustic holes are arranged in the back-plate so as to allow free movement of air molecules, such that the sound waves can enter the second cavity. The first and second cavities in association with the back-volume allow the membrane to move in response to the sound waves entering via the acoustic holes in the back-plate.

Abstract: Nanotube device structures and methods of fabrication. A method of making a nanotube switching element includes forming a first structure having at a first output electrode; forming second structure having a second output electrode; forming a conductive article having at least one nanotube, the article having first and second ends; positioning the conductive article between said first and second structures such that the first structure clamps the first and second ends of the article to the second structure, and such that the first and second output electrodes are opposite each other with the article positioned therebetween; providing at least one signal electrode in electrical communication with the conductive article; and providing at least one control electrode in spaced relation to the conductive article such that the control electrode may control the conductive article to form a conductive pathway between the signal electrode and the first output electrode.

Abstract: Field effect devices having a gate controlled via a nanotube switching element. Under one embodiment, a non-volatile transistor device includes a source region and a drain region of a first semiconductor type of material and each in electrical communication with a respective terminal. A channel region of a second semiconductor type of material is disposed between the source and drain region. A gate structure is disposed over an insulator over the channel region and has a corresponding terminal. A nanotube switching element is responsive to a first control terminal and a second control terminal and is electrically positioned in series between the gate structure and the terminal corresponding to the gate structure. The nanotube switching element is electromechanically operable to one of an open and closed state to thereby open or close an electrical communication path between the gate structure and its corresponding terminal.

Abstract: Methods of developing or removing a select region of block copolymer films using a polar supercritical solvent to dissolve a select portion are disclosed. In one embodiment, the polar supercritical solvent includes chlorodifluoromethane, which may be exposed to the block copolymer film using supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) as a carrier or chlorodiflouromethane itself in supercritical form. The invention also includes a method of forming a nano-structure including exposing a polymeric film to a polar supercritical solvent to develop at least a portion of the polymeric film. The invention also includes a method of removing a poly(methyl methacrylate-b-styrene) (PMMA-b-S) based resist using a polar supercritical solvent.

Abstract: Nanotube device structures and methods of fabrication. A method of making a nanotube switching element includes forming a first structure having at a first output electrode; forming second structure having a second output electrode; forming a conductive article having at least one nanotube, the article having first and second ends; positioning the conductive article between said first and second structures such that the first structure clamps the first and second ends of the article to the second structure, and such that the first and second output electrodes are opposite each other with the article positioned therebetween; providing at least one signal electrode in electrical communication with the conductive article; and providing at least one control electrode in spaced relation to the conductive article such that the control electrode may control the conductive article to form a conductive pathway between the signal electrode and the first output electrode.

Abstract: Nanotube device structures and methods of fabrication. A method of making a nanotube switching element includes forming a first structure having at a first output electrode; forming second structure having a second output electrode; forming a conductive article having at least one nanotube, the article having first and second ends; positioning the conductive article between said first and second structures such that the first structure clamps the first and second ends of the article to the second structure, and such that the first and second output electrodes are opposite each other with the article positioned therebetween; providing at least one signal electrode in electrical communication with the conductive article; and providing at least one control electrode in spaced relation to the conductive article such that the control electrode may control the conductive article to form a conductive pathway between the signal electrode and the first output electrode.

Abstract: The invention discloses the nanoparticles composed of chitosan, poly-glutamic acid, and at least one bioactive agent of monoclonal antibody. The nanoparticles are characterized with a positive surface charge and their enhanced permeability for paracellular drug delivery.

Abstract: A method for forming a microstructures is described. The method comprises: depositing a seed material on a substrate; growing a nanotube from the seed material; depositing microstructure material on the substrate to embed the nanotube in the microstructure material; and, detaching the substrate to release the microstructure. The resulting mictostructure comprises a body portion and a nanotube embedded in the body portion.

Abstract: Non-volatile field effect devices and circuits using same. A non-volatile field effect device includes a source, drain and gate with a field-modulatable channel between the source and drain. Each of the source, drain, and gate have a corresponding terminal. An electromechanically-deflectable, nanotube switching element is electrically positioned between one of the source, drain and gate and its corresponding terminal. The others of the source, drain and gate are directly connected to their corresponding terminals. The nanotube switching element is electromechanically-deflectable in response to electrical stimulation at two control terminals to create one of a non-volatile open and non-volatile closed electrical communication state between the one of the source, drain and gate and its corresponding terminal. Under one embodiment, one of the two control terminals has a dielectric surface for contact with the nanotube switching element when creating a non-volatile open state.

Abstract: A random access memory cell includes first and second nanotube switching elements and an electronic memory with cross-coupled first and second inverters. Each nanotube switching element includes a nanotube channel element having at least one electrically conductive nanotube, and a set electrode and a release electrode disposed in relation to the nanotube channel element to controllably form and unform an electrically conductive channel between a channel electrode and an output node. Input nodes of the first and second inverters are coupled to the set electrodes and the output nodes of the first and second nanotube switching elements. The cell can operate as a normal electronic memory, or in a shadow memory or store mode to transfer the electronic memory state to the nanotube switching elements. The device may later be operated in a recall mode to transfer the state of the nanotube switching elements to the electronic memory.

Abstract: An electromechanical microstructure including a first mechanical part formed in a first electrically conductive material, and which includes a zone deformable in an elastic manner having a thickness value and an exposed surface, and a first organic film having a thickness, present on all of the exposed surface of the deformable zone. The thickness of the first film is such that the elastic response of the deformable zone equipped with the first film does not change by more than 5% compared to the response of the bare deformable zone, or the thickness of the first film is less than ten times the thickness of the deformable zone.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for making a tensile diaphragm with an insert region of a material dissimilar to the diaphragm, the insert region being suitable for the fabrication of a nanopore.

Abstract: A rotational actuator/motor based on rotation of a carbon nanotube is disclosed. The carbon nanotube is provided with a rotor plate attached to an outer wall, which moves relative to an inner wall of the nanotube. After deposit of a nanotube on a silicon chip substrate, the entire structure may be fabricated by lithography using selected techniques adapted from silicon manufacturing technology. The structures to be fabricated may comprise a multiwall carbon nanotube (MWNT), two in plane stators S1, S2 and a gate stator S3 buried beneath the substrate surface. The MWNT is suspended between two anchor pads and comprises a rotator attached to an outer wall and arranged to move in response to electromagnetic inputs. The substrate is etched away to allow the rotor to freely rotate. Rotation may be either in a reciprocal or fully rotatable manner.