Abstract: Scraped surface heat exchanger, the shape of the chamber thereof and the positioning and direction of feed and discharge conduits opening into said chamber being such that, on feeding a liquid through these conduits and the chamber, the flow of said liquid will cover the entire chamber.

Abstract: A thixotropic liquid machine dishwashing composition is provided structured essentially by a surfacant system comprising a non-soap anionic active and soap, where the total electrolyte level in the composition is greater than 20% by weight and the anionic and soap are present in relative amounts of from 4:1 to 1:4.

Abstract: Liquid light duty cleaning compositions comprise an organic base (such as amines), a zinc salt (such as zinc halides or zinc citrate), and a complexing agent (such as EDTA). The compositions are useful in cleaning both at full strength and when diluted and do not cause staining of treated aluminum utensils.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is phenyl substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen and lower alkoxy; R.sub.2 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkanoyl, lower cycloalkanoyl, ##STR2## R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently lower alkyl, phenyl lower alkyl or together form a piperidine or pyrrolidine ring; n is 2 to 4; m is 1 to 2; and pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts thereof are described. The compounds of formula I are active as calcium channel blockers and accordingly, are useful as agents for treating ischemia.

Abstract: A compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 -R.sup.19 are as described in the specification. The present invention is concerned with benzimidazole derivatives, particularly benzimidazole-2-yl pyridinium compounds of formula I which are pharmaceutically useful in treating or preventing gastric and duodenal ulcers. The invention includes the compounds I, pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds and the use of such compounds in therapeutic treatment or prevention of gastric and duodenal ulcers.

Abstract: There are described dihydroxy naphthalene derivatives of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 is hydrogen, lower alkyl or benzyl, R.sub.2 is hydrogen, hydroxy or lower alkanoyloxy, R.sub.3 is hydrogen or lower alkyl, R.sub.4 is hydrogen or halogen, R.sub.5 is hydrogen, acyl, methyl or benzyl, m is 0 or 1, and n is an integer from 2 to 10, as well as salts thereof with pharmaceutically acceptable bases when R.sub.1 is hydrogen.These compounds are useful as agents for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases, for instance, colitis, as pro-drugs, or as intermediates for the preparation of such compounds.

Abstract: Styryl ketones of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.8 and R.sup.9 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl or together represent an additional carbon-carbon bond andR.sup.10 is a group of the formula ##STR2## as well as corresponding compounds of the formula ##STR3## wherein R.sup.10' is a group of formula (a), (b), (d) or (e) or a group of the formula--C(R.sup.18)(R.sup.19)OR.sup.20' ; (f')have mucosa-protective and/or gastric acid secretion-inhibiting properties, such that they can be used for the control or prevention of illnesses of the gastrointestinal tract, especially against gastric ulcers or duodenal ulcers.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein A is ##STR2## in which R.sub.1 is acyl, R.sub.2 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy-carbonyl or aminocarbonyl, R.sub.3 is hydrogen or lower alkyl, R.sub.4 and R.sub.4, are each hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, aryl, aryloxy or aralkyl, as well as the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of such compounds, are useful as antibacterial agents for combatting infections in mammals.

Abstract: A container closure in the form of a stopper is provided in which an outer wall engages exteriorly of the wall of the container. A tamper-proof ring is secured to the underside thereof by means of tear-off webs. The internal cylindrical surface of the ring comprises tabs directed obliquely inwardly and in the direction of the opening.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting the proliferation of tumor cells is disclosed which comprises the treatment of such tumor cells with a benzodiazepine having a selective affinity to bind peripheral binding sites on the tumor cell in order to induce non-proliferation of said tumor cells.

Abstract: A method for inserting an intra-aortic balloon device into a patient without using an insertion sheath is provided. Additionally, a hemostasis sheath is described for use with the insertion method. The hemostasis sheath may be incorporated onto the balloon catheter during manufacture before attachment of the intra-aortic balloon bladder. The hemostasis sheath is tapered from a smaller outside diameter at the point closest to the balloon bladder gradually increasing in diameter towards a large outside diameter at the end opposite the balloon bladder. The hemostasis sheath may also have an extended tip of constant outside diameter at its proximal end to facilitate insertion through the skin. If bleeding occurs after insertion of the intra-aortic balloon according to the invention, the hemostasis sheath is slid into the insertion site to stop the bleeding.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) cell comprising a twist nematic liquid crystal disposed between two electrode plates and polarizers and having a positive dielectric anisotropy. The optical path difference .DELTA.n.d is 0.2 to 0.7 .mu.m. The absolute value of the twist angle .phi. can be between 10.degree. and 80.degree., the angle .psi. between the polarizers can be between 80.degree. and 110.degree. and the angle .theta. between the surface orientation direction and the polarization direction on the screen on the light incidence side can be between -10.degree. and 60.degree., preferably so that the polarizers are symmetrical of the nematic directors.

Abstract: There is described a process for the manufacture of a compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is lower alkyl, lower alkanoyl, lower alkenyl or the group --CH.sub.2 COOR.sup.2 or --C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 COOR.sup.2 and R.sup.2 is a readily cleavable group, by reacting a compound of the formula ##STR2## wherein R is lower alkyl, with an alkali metal allylate and reacting the resulting compound of the formula ##STR3## wherein M is an alkali metal atom, with a compound of the formula R.sup.1 -X, wherein X is a leaving group. This process can be used to manufacture antimicrobially active mono-.beta.-lactam, cephalosporin and penicillin derivatives.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for producing a laminar electrode. The method comprises successive superposition of an insulating support, a conductive layer, a stable-potential internal reference element and an ion-selective diaphragm, all of which are protected by a mask which is impermeable to aqueous solutions. A completely tight seal between the mask and the ion-selective diaphragm is formed by casting the diaphragm in the form of a solution containing a binder which dissolves with and intimately mixes with the mask material.

Abstract: New optically active intermediates and processes thereto are provided for use in synthesizing therapeutically active prostaglandins of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen or lower alkyl; from a compound of the formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 is as above and R.sup.2 is hydrogen or a carboxy blocking group convertible to an acid by hydrolysis.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with tricyclic compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or a carboxy-protecting radical; R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl radical which may be substituted with a halogen atom; R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 independently are a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl radical which may be substituted with a hydroxy radical or a substituted or unsubstituted amino radical; X is a halogen atom; and R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are independently a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl radical which may be substituted with a hydroxy radical, a lower alkoxy radical or a substituted or unsubstituted amino radical; or R.sup.5 and R.sup.6, taken together with the adjacent nitrogen atom, may form a 5 to 7 membered heterocyclic ring which may be substituted with one or more substituents at the carbon atom(s), and the heterocyclic ring may further contain --NR.sup.7 --, --O--, --S--, --SO--, --SO.sub.2 -- or --NR.sup.7 --CO--, and also R.sup.

Abstract: The electrode comprises an internal reference half-cell at stable potential comprising a conductive sheet, e.g. of metal of carbon, covered by a redox system. The redox system comprises a thin dehydrated layer of Prussian blue deposited by contact between the sheet and a mixture of alkaline ferrocyanide and a ferric salt.