Abstract: Toner and developer compositions incorporating nonpolymeric, homogeneous, amorphous mixtures of compounds as the binder are described. The mixtures comprise at least two nonpolymeric, thermoplastic organic compounds each having at least two linking components joining one multivalent organic nucleus with at least two organic appended groups wherein either the multivalent organic nucleus or at least one of the appended groups in an aromatic group. The mixtures have glass transition temperatures of 50.degree. to 120.degree. C. Methods for developing electrostatic images with the developer compositions are also described.

Abstract: Compounds useful in making crosslinkable polymers having the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen or methyl; R.sup.1 is cyano or ##STR2## wherein R.sup.2 is alkyl; Z is --X--R.sup.3 --X-- or ##STR3## wherein each --X-- is --O-- or --NR.sup.4 --, provided at least one --X-- is --NR.sup.4 -- wherein R.sup.4 is hydrogen or alkyl R.sup.3 is divalent hydrocarbon and D.sub.1 and D.sub.2 together are the carbon atoms necessary to complete a 5 to 7 membered ring. These compounds can be homopolymerized or copolymerized with each other or with other polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated monomers to give crosslinkable polymers. Such polymers can be purified by conventional purification techniques such as dialysis, diafiltration, ultrafiltration without losing their capability of crosslinking. The resulting purified polymers are particularly useful in photographic materials as gelatin extenders, binders or polymeric color couplers.

Abstract: Substantially amorphous polyesters containing ionic moieties are useful to uniformly disperse particulate pigments in dispersions, image-forming compositions and elements, e.g. lithographic compositions and elements. Such polyesters reduce pigment agglomerations and improve dispersion stability in such dispersions and compositions and coatings prepared therefrom.

Abstract: A yellow-dye-forming photographic developing composition having improved stability comprises a haloacetanilide coupler, such as alpha-pivalyl-alpha-(4-carboxyphenoxy)-2,4-dichloroacetanilide, an N-alkyl-N-alkoxyalkyl-p-phenylenediamine developing agent, such as 4-amino-N-ethyl-N-(2-methoxyethyl)-m-toluidine di-p-toluene sulfonate, and a 4,4-disubstituted-1-aryl-3-pyrazolidinone, such as 4,4-dimethyl-1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidinone.

Abstract: Incorporation of a polyethoxylated phosphate ester in a film-forming composition containing a cellulose ester dissolved in a solvent medium has been found to promote stripping of the film from the surface on which it is cast. Such use of polyethoxylated phosphate esters as stripping aids is especially advantageous in the manufacture of cellulose ester film base in the photographic industry.

Abstract: Photographic elements are provided with a magnetic stripe that is useful for sound recording by applying a magnetic striping composition, containing finely-divided magnetic particles and an acrylated epoxy resin, over the anti-halation layer of the element. The striping composition penetrates the anti-halation layer to contact the support and is cured to an alkali-insoluble cross-linked stripe which is composite with the anti-halation layer and strongly bonded to the support so as to resist removal by alkaline photographic processing solutions.

Abstract: Radiation-curable compositions useful for restorative and/or protective treatment of photographic elements are comprised of an acrylated urethane, an aliphatic ethylenically-unsaturated carboxylic acid, a multifunctional acrylate, and a siloxy-containing polycarbinol. Photographic elements, such as still films, motion picture films, paper prints, microfiche, and the like, are provided with a protective overcoat layer which is permanently bonded to the element, and serves to protect it from abrasion and scratches, by coating the element with the radiation-curable composition and irradiating the coating to bond it to the element and cure it to form a transparent, flexible, scratch-resistant, cross-linked polymeric layer. The protective overcoat layer can be applied to the image-bearing side of the element or to the support side of the element or to both sides.

Abstract: Extrudable materials which exhibit a decrease in viscosity as the shear rate is increased, such as magnetic dispersion striping materials, are extrusion coated in the form of a narrow stripe. The stripe has predetermined uniform cross-sectional dimensions including substantially uniform thickness, and is coated onto a moving web by means of a die maintained in a predetermined spaced relation with the web. The die has two or more bores through which the extrudable material is extruded in columns onto the moving web to form the stripe thereon.

Abstract: Lignosulfonates are incorporated in photographic developing compositions containing an indazole antifoggant in order to prevent or retard the precipitation of the indazole. Both black-and-white developing compositions, containing such developing agents as dihydroxybenzenes and/or pyrazolidones, and color developing compositions, containing primary aromatic amino color developing agents, are effectively stabilized against precipitation of indazole antifoggants by the lignosulfonates.

Abstract: Fine crystals characterized by improved morphological homogeneity and a narrow size distribution are prepared by introducing a solution of a crystallizable solute in a solvent into a bed of small inert continuously moving solid particles and initiating crystallization within the solution while it is in contact with the moving particles. The process finds application in the manufacture of diverse crystalline products such as, for example, in the formation of metal oxalates, phosphorescent compounds, and silver halide crystals, as well as in the purification of both organic and inorganic materials.

Abstract: Light-sensitive compositions containing a quinone diazide which are useful in positive-working photoresists and positive-working lithographic printing plates are developed with a developing composition comprising a quaternary alkanol ammonium hydroxide developing agent and a stabilizing concentration of a sulfite.

Abstract: Photographic silver halide bleach compositions which are more active than existing bleach compositions and free from environmental and commercial objections thereto comprise as bleaching agent a ferric complex of an alkyliminodiacetic acid the alkyl group of which may be substituted. The bleach solutions may further comprise a silver halide solvent thus rendering them bleach-fix solutions.

Abstract: Coating apparatus for carrying out a process of coating in which one or more layers of coating composition are applied to the surface of an object, such as a continuous web or discrete sections of sheet material, by advancing the object through a coating zone in which a flow of coating composition is applied thereto, for example, bead coating or curtain coating apparatus, is provided with a shield to protect the flow of coating composition against disturbance by ambient air currents. The shield is formed of a foraminous material, such as screening or perforated plate material, which functions to diffuse air currents impinging thereon so that their velocity is decreased, with a resulting decrease in their ability to disturb the flow of coating composition.

Abstract: Photographic elements comprising a support having on one side thereof at least one image-forming layer and on the opposite side an antistatic layer comprising a phosphate ester antistatic agent are provided with a magnetic stripe that is useful for sound recording by applying a magnetic striping composition over the antistatic layer. The magnetic striping composition is comprised of finely-divided magnetic particles and a polymeric binder in a solvent medium and contains an adhesion-promoting amount of a metal salt which provides strong bonding of the magnetic stripe to the photographic element and thereby overcomes problems of stripe separation.

Abstract: High contrast development of photographic elements, such as lithographic films used in the field of graphic arts, is carried out in the presence of a hydrazine compound with an aqueous alkaline developing solution which has a pH of above 10 and below 12 and contains a dihydroxybenzene developing agent, a 3-pyrazolidone developing agent, a sulfite preservative, and a contrast-promoting amount of an amino compound. The developing solution combines the advantages of high capacity, a high degree of stability, and a long effective life, while providing excellent contrast and speed characteristics.

Abstract: Photographic color developer compositions containing a primary aromatic amino color developing agent and an hydroxylamine are stabilized by incorporating therein a combination of sequestering agents, one of which is an aminopolyphosphonic acid compound and another of which is an aromatic polyhydroxy compound. Decomposition of the hydroxylamine, in the presence of heavy metals such as iron which act to catalyze the decomposition, and resultant formation of ammonia is effectively prevented by the presence in the developer composition of this combination of sequestering agents. Undesirable precipitate formation is also effectively avoided.

Abstract: Fine crystals characterized by improved morphological homogeneity and a narrow size distribution are prepared by introducing a solution of a crystallizable solute in a solvent into a bed of small inert continuously moving solid particles and initiating crystallization within the solution while it is in contact with the moving particles. The process finds application in the manufacture of diverse crystalline products such as, for example, in the formation of metal oxalates, phosphorescent compounds, and silver halide crystals, as well as in the purification of both organic and inorganic materials.

Abstract: Photographic elements are provided with a magnetic recording region, such as a stripe or layer, that is useful for sound recording, by applying a dispersion of finely-divided magnetic particles in a liquid medium to the element in a predetermined form and solidifying the dispersion by bringing the element into contact with an induction-heating apparatus. The apparatus comprises a rotatable cylindrical roller whose cylindrical surface engages the element and which is heated by induction only within a rim portion thereof so as to generate heat adjacent to the cylindrical surface for efficient transfer to the element.

Abstract: A poly(alkyleneimine), such as poly(ethyleneimine), is incorporated in a photographic color developer composition containing a primary aromatic amino color developing agent in order to protect the developing agent against aerial oxidation. The poly(alkyleneimine) also functions to reduce tar formation and retard stain growth and provides a supplemental source of alkalinity in the color developer composition.

Abstract: Photographic elements comprised of a support coated on one side with at least one image-forming layer, and on the opposite side with separate anticurl and antistatic layers in contiguous relationship, are prepared by a method in which the anticurl and antistatic layers are coated on the support by a tandem gravure coating process. In carrying out such process, the anticurl layer is formed by gravure coating of an anticurl coating composition comprising a hydrophilic colloid and the antistatic layer is formed by gravure coating of an antistatic coating composition comprising an antistatic agent and a diffusible hardening agent, which acts as a hardener for hydrophilic colloids and is present in the antistatic coating composition in an amount sufficient to diffuse from the antistatic layer to the anticurl layer.