Abstract: Method and apparatus are provided for overbasing a petroleum sulfonate in a multi-vessel reaction system in which the first reactor is a plug flow reactor in which a feedstock of lime, lube oil, petroleum sulfonate, naphtha, and methanol is fed into the top of a vertical reactor with carbon dioxide in an amount of about 5 to about 10 percent by volume of the total CO.sub.2 used in the process is fed near the bottom of the reactor above the reaction product outlet which is then passed to at least one continuous stirred tank reactor for additional reaction with carbon dioxide in an amount in a range of about 95 to about 90 percent by volume of the total CO.sub.2 used in the process.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the continuous overbasing of petroleum sulfonate in which there is a seriatim contacting at reaction conditions in a series of at least four stirred reaction zones of CO.sub.2 with a feedstock mixture in the first reaction zone containing (1) petroleum sulfonate, (2) 100 neutral lube oil, (3) Ca(OH).sub.2, (4) methanol, and (5) naphtha and a feedstock mixture in each successive reaction zone that is the effluent from the last previous reaction zone. Method and apparatus for the recovery of a dispersion of CaCO.sub.3 in a mixture of calcium petroleum sulfonate and 100 neutral lube oil stock as product from the last reaction zone effluent.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the production of overbased petroleum sulfonate in which CO.sub.2 is contacted at reaction conditions with a reaction mixture of petroleum sulfonate, lube oil, Ca(OH).sub.2, MeOH, and naphtha in the vapor space at the vortex surface of a stirred tank vortex reactor.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the continuous overbasing of petroleum sulfonate providing in a process in which CO.sub.2 is contacted with a reaction mixture of neutral petroleum sulfonate, lube oil stock, lime, methanol, and naphtha in a series of reaction vessels in which additional CO.sub.2 is contacted seriatim in each succeeding reaction vessel with the effluent from the preceding reaction vessel, a method and apparatus for the removal of at least a portion of the effluent from each reaction vessel with the reduction of water content in this portion and subsequent supplementing of methanol content in this portion to provide a reaction efficient amount of water and methanol in each succeeding reaction.

Abstract: The concentration buildup of contaminants methylacetylene and propadiene in a propylene/propane fractionation column is prevented by controlling the injection of propane from a source external from the feedstream into the inlet stream to the column in response to the measured propane content of the feedstream downstream of the point of propane injection, the measured methylacetylene content of the bottoms product from the column, or the measured methylacetylene content of a sample from a tray of the column.

Abstract: Aluminum phosphate is used as a filler in vulcanizable rubber composition to provide, upon vulcanization, a reinforced rubber composition.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting formation of water trees in objects formed from compositions of polymers of ethylene used in dielectric applications having a density in a range above 0.92 g/cc as determined by ASTM D1505 by addition of an inhibiting amount of an aliphatic, primary, monohydric, branched chain alkanol of about 9 to about 30 carbon atoms. A composition inhibited in the formation of water trees in objects formed from compositions of polymers of ethylene used in dielectric applications having a density in a range above 0.92 g/cc and an inhibiting amount of an aliphatic, primary, monohydric, branched chain alkanol of about 9 to about 30 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Granular poly(arylene sulfide) is recovered from a slurry comprising granular poly(arylene sulfide), polar organic solvent, alkali metal halide, poly(arylene sulfide) oligomers, untreated reactants in the water by heating the slurry under conditions to evaporate polar organic solvent, water and volatile impurities at a temperature below the normal boiling point of the polar organic solvent to produce a dry mixture containing poly(arylene sulfide), poly(arylene sulfide) oligomers and alkali metal halide which is then reslurried with water to produce a reslurried mixture containing aqueous alkali metal halide solution and dispersed poly(arylene sulfide) oligomers with the reslurried mixture being filtered through a coarse screen to recover granular poly(arylene sulfide) thereon and pass a filtrate containing poly(arylene sulfide) oligomers and aqueous alkali metal halide solution therethrough.

Abstract: Basic nitrogen-containing compounds are removed from mineral oil, such as shale oil, by extraction with an immiscible aqueous phase containing an acid gas such as carbon dioxide. Effectiveness of the separation is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas. In one embodiment, a waste gas stream is used as the CO.sub.2 -containing gas.

Abstract: The conversion of long-chain alpha-olefins to methyl ketones can be efficiently carried out using reaction systems containing palladium, a co-catalyst, and an aqueous solvent system.

Abstract: Vegetable oils, particularly soy oil, are reacted with polyamines, particularly tetraethylenepentamine, to form a mixture containing amides, imides, half esters and glycerol; subsequent reaction with sulfonic acid to produce a product mix that is further reacted with a boron-containing compound, particularly boric acid, to provide a fuel additive that has good detergent properties and is particularly non-corrosive.

Abstract: (1) Vegetable oils, particularly soybean oil (2) tall oil acid, or (3) aralkyl acids, particularly phenylstearic acid, are reacted with multiamines, particularly tetraethylenepentamine, to form a product mixture for subsequent reaction with SO.sub.2 to produce a product mix that has good detergent properties in fuels.

Abstract: A method for treating polymers of ethylene which have been stabilized with hindered phenolic stabilizer to reduce the discoloration produced upon processing the stabilized polymer at elevated temperature wherein before completion of the processing at elevated temperature there is admixed with the stabilized polymer compositions at least one compound chosen from the group consisting of aliphatic hydroxy compounds and epoxy-containing compounds. In a preferred embodiment, the polymer of ethylene and aliphatic hydroxy compound are further admixed with water. In another embodiment of the invention the aliphatic hydroxy compounds contain from 1 to 4 hydroxyl groups and are water soluble.A treated polymer of ethylene stabilized with hindered phenolic stabilizer that has been admixed with a compound chosen from the group consisting of aliphatic hydroxy compounds and epoxy-containing compounds.

Abstract: A method for stabilizing the Tmc of PPS subjected to heat treatment in a temperature range between 240.degree. C. and 320.degree. C., particularly during the heating process of an extrusion operation, by increasing the tmperature of the polymer through the 240.degree. C.-320.degree. C. range at a rate of at least 20.degree. C. per minute or by subsequently raising the temperature of the polymer to at least 350.degree. C. for a time sufficient to stabilize the Tmc of the polymer.

Abstract: A process for removing compounds from aprotic solvents in which aprotic solvent containing at least one acidic compound is contacted with a solid inorganic compound chosen from alkaline earth carbonates, alkaline earth hydroxides, alkaline earth oxides, and alumina in which the contact of the solvent with a solid inorganic compound is by the process of fluidized bed contact, stirred slurry contact or trickle bed contact. Contaminated NMP from poly(phenylene sulfide) production is substantially freed of acidic contaminants by a series of fractionations with a treatment of the kettle liquid of at least one fractionation by the method described above and/or a treatment of the overhead of the last fractionation in series by the method described above.

Abstract: A method for improving the flexular modulus and/or impact strength of a polymer of olefin by admixing therewith a mica and at least one of talc or clay. A filled composition provided thereby.

Abstract: New combustors which produce lower emissions, particularly lower emissions of nitrogen oxides and CO, are provided. The combustors are provided with a first combustion region that is cylindrical, short and of small diameter and an adjacent downstream second combustion region comprising an abrupt enlargement in diameter to provide a relatively larger capacity than the first combustion region. A first stream of air is introduced, either radially, axially, or tangentially, into the first combustion region and the amount of said air is varied in accordance with fuel flow to the first combustion region. A second stream of air is introduced tangentially into the first combustion region. A third stream of air is introduced tangentially into the second combustion region. In preferred embodiments of the invention the air stream pressure drop across an air assist fuel nozzle is varied in accordance with fuel flow to the nozzle.

Abstract: A process for preparing thermoplastic piping for recovery of the thermoplastic in which the piping is cut into a continuous spiral ribbon with straightening of this ribbon to be without substantial curvature and cutting of the straightened ribbon into pieces. Preferably, the process produces pieces of thermoplastic of sufficiently small size to be suitable for feeding to an extruder. An apparatus for preparing thermoplastic piping for recovery of the thermoplastic which combines means for cutting the thermoplastic piping into a continuous spiral ribbon with means for straightening the spiral ribbon so that it is without substantial curvature and means for cutting the straightened ribbon into pieces.

Abstract: Permeable portions of a subterranean formation are temporarily plugged by driving a foam formed by interacting an aqueous surfactant solution and dense fluid carbon dioxide into the permeable portions of the formation. In an embodiment of the invention the aqueous surfactant solution and the dense fluid carbon dioxide are introduced into the formation by sequential slug injections of the foam generating compositions. In another embodiment oil is displaced from an oil-bearing underground formation by plugging more permeable portions of the formation as described above, introducing a drive fluid into the formation and producing recovered oil and drive fluid from a well penetrating the formation.

Abstract: A method for removing organic fluorides from HF alkylation propane in which a stream of relatively pure liquid HF obtained by settling liquid HF from the liquefied hydrocarbon passed to the overhead accumulator common for both the depropanizing column and a hydrogen fluoride stripping column is intimately contacted with a stream of liquid hydrocarbon containing organic fluorides derived from condensing the mixed overhead vapor from a depropanizing column and overhead vapor from an HF stripping column in the process of separating products from a hydrogen fluoride alkylation. In preferred embodiments, the contacting takes place in the static mixer.