Abstract: A process for making paper and linerboard, employing certain nonionic surface active agents to increase the yield of kraft pulping. The surface active agents having the structural formula ##STR1## where n is an integer from 8 to 12, and x is a positive integer from 1 to about 100, the surface active agent being present in the cooking liquor in an amount effective to increase the yield of pulp.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the use of certain ethoxylated compounds to increase the yield of chemical pulping processes, the compound have the following structures: ##STR1## These ethoxylated compounds have molecular weights of from about 500 to about 30,000 the (CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O) comprising from about 20 to 80 percent of the compound; and a, b, and c are each at least 1. The compounds are surface active agents which are added to the cooking liquor. The wood chips are cooked from about one-half and ten hours at a temperature of from about 200 and 500 degrees Fahrenhelt in a liquor including sodium hydroxide, sodium sulfide, and the surface active agent. The wood plug would have a reject level of at least 5% when the chips are cooked in the absence of the surface active agent. The process provides a simultaneous reduction in the level of rejects and an increased yield of pulp.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process of thickening an aqueous system comprising adding to the system aqueous dispersions of water-insoluble emulsion copolymers of (1) about 10-70% by weight of (meth)acrylic acid or itaconic acid, (2) about 0.5-25% by weight of an alkyl poly(oxyethylene) itaconate, and (3) at least 25% by weight, to a total of 100%, of a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl (meth)acrylate, and, optionally, included in the total monomer mixture a small amount of (4) about 0.05-1% by weight of a polyethylenically unsaturated monomer. The copolymers, when neutralized and solubilized by addition of an alkali, are high efficiency thickeners for aqueous systems and have improved tolerance to ionic or electrolyte content. Typical systems that can be thickened are paint latices, cosmetic preparations, food preparations, ionic detergents, dye pastes for textiles, pharmaceuticals, and oil well drilling muds. Surfactants enhance the thickening properties afforded by the copolymers.

Abstract: This invention relates to water insoluble copolymer aqueous dispersions stabilized by multiple carboxylic acid functional comonomer residues against shear-induced coagulation. These copolymer dispersions are useful as pressure sensitive adhesives, and as binders for textiles, paper, non-woven materials, and coatings.

Abstract: Curable compositions are prepared from a blend of a polyepoxide, the esterification product of a mixture of carboxylic acids of the formula CH.sub.2 .dbd.CHCO.sub.2 (CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CO.sub.2).sub.n H (AOnPA herein), where the number average value of n is greater than about 0.1, and a mono- or polyhydric hydroxy-functional compound, and an aliphatic amine curing agent. Use of the esterification product as a reactive diluent for the polyepoxide gives coating and adhesive compositions with reduced toxicity.

Abstract: This invention relates to water-based coatings and caulking compositions for exterior surfaces which upon application quickly develop resistance to being washed out by inadvertant precipitation. These compositions comprise an aqueous dispersion of water-insoluble latex polymer prepared by emulsion polymerization, inorganic pigment dispersed with anionic polymer, and water-soluble salt of a multivalent complex ion having labile, volatile ligands such as zinc ammonium complex ion.

Abstract: This invention is directed to an automatic pipette which directly detects the volume of an inserted syringe, thus eliminating the need for operator specification of this quantity.

Abstract: This invention relates to impregnant compositions for porous substrates prepared from dicyclopentenyl and dicyclopentenyloxy (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)alkyl acrylates and methacrylates and which include at least about 4% by weight of the impregnant composition of a component selected from the drying oil fatty acids and mixtures thereof. Cementitious surfaces impregnated with and sealed using these compositions exhibit improved water and crack resistance.

Abstract: This invention is directed to an improved process for producing leather and products resulting thereby. The process employs methacrylic acid/alkyl acrylate copolymers having a narrow range of molecular weight and produces leather which is flexible, with a smooth grain and well-filled and which is resistant to detannage by washing with alkaline solution.

Abstract: This invention is directed to floor polish vehicle compositions which yield floor polishes displaying improved durability. These floor polish vehicle compositions comprise a water insoluble emulsion copolymer containing acid functional monomer residues, transition metal ionic crosslinker, and a basic salt of an alkaline metal.

Abstract: This invention concerns coating and impregnating compositions for concrete of an essentially anhydrous character comprising (1) a monomer blend of (a) dicyclopentenyl or dicyclopentenyloxyalkyl methacrylate or acrylate and (b) hydroxy alkyl methacrylate and (2) a polymerization catalyst of (a) an organic peroxide and an aromatic amine accelerator, or (b) a polyvalent metal salt or complex and an organic hydroperoxide, or (c) mixtures of (a) and 0.0005% to 2% by weight, based on total amount of monomers, of a polyvalent metal salt or complex, or (d) mixtures of (a) and (b), which can be applied to porous surfaces such as concrete as an impregnant and which can be polymerized in situ in order to reduce the permeability of the surface and to provide hard, continuous, hydrophobic, wear resistant and weather resistant surfaces.

Abstract: This invention is directed to compositions useful as ionomeric hot melt pressure sensitive adhesive compositions. These compositions comprise a polymer containing carboxylic acid, a miscible metal salt, and an o-methoxy-substituted aryl acid. These compositions display low melt viscosity, simplifying application, as well as improved adhesive properties, especially shear resistance.

Abstract: There are disclosed stable, aqueous dispersions of water-insoluble emulsion copolymers of (1) about 10-70% by weight of methacrylic or acrylic acid, (2) about 0.5-25% by weight of an N-alkyl acrylamide, and (3) at least 25% by weight, to a total of 100%, of a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl (meth)acrylate, and, optionally, included in the total monomer mixture a small amount of (4) about 0.05-1% by weight of a polyethylenically unsaturated monomer. The emulsion copolymers, when neutralized and solubilized by addition of an alkali, are high efficiency thickeners for aqueous systems and have improved tolerance to ionic or electrolyte content. Typical systems that can be thickened are paint latices, cosmetic preparations, food preparations, ionic detergents, dye pastes for textiles, pharmaceuticals, and oil well drilling muds. Surfactants enhance the thickening properties afforded by the copolymers.

Abstract: There are disclosed polymerizable alkyl poly(oxyethylene) poly(carbonyloxyethylene)acrylates and copolymers thereof, especially stable, aqueous dispersions of water-insoluble emulsion copolymers of (1) about 10-70% by weight of (meth)acrylic, (2) about 0.5-25% by weight of an alkyl poly(oxyethylene) poly(carbonyloxyethylene) acrylate, and (3) at least 25% by weight, to a total of 100%, of a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl (meth)acrylate, and, optionally included in the total monomer mixture, a small amount, about 0.05-1% by weight, of a polyethylenically unsaturated monomer. The copolymers, when neutralized and solubilized by addition of an alkali, are high efficiency thickeners for aqueous systems and have improved tolerance to ionic or electrolyte content. Typical systems that can be thickened are paint latices, dye pastes for preparations, food preparations, ionic detergents, dye pastes for textiles, pharmaceuticals, and oil well drilling muds.

Abstract: This invention relates to copper modified mancozeb (the reaction product of manganese ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate and soluble zinc (II) ion) and processes for preparing same which produces a product which reduces the generation of ethylene thiourea on long term storage of the product, reduces the solubilized ethylene thiourea produced during the manufacture or storage of mancozeb, maintains or increases the fungicidal activity of mancozeb, and is more persistent in the field.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel heterocyclic fungicides which are effective in controlling a broad spectrum of phytopathogenic fungi found in the four main classes of fungi namely Phycomycetes, Ascomycetes, Fungi Imperfecti, and Basidiomycetes. Certain of these compounds are especially effective in controlling sclerotial forming fungi such as Whetzelinia sclerotiorum=(Sclerotinia sclerotiorium) and Botrytis cinerea.

Abstract: This invention relates to N-substituted alkynyl anilines, methods for their preparation and their use as systemic eradicant phytopathogenic fungicides which are useful in controlling Oomycetes.

Abstract: This invention relates to 1 and 4-arylcyanoalkyl-1,2,4-triazoles, their enantiomorphs, and acid addition salts and metal salt complexes. This invention also relates to the method of preparation and use of these compounds. These compounds enantiomorphs, salts and complexes are highly active broad-spectrum systemic fungicides effective in controlling phytopathogenic fungi such as barley net blotch (Helminthosporium teres), grey mold (Botrytis cinerea), bean powdery mildew (Erysiphe polygoni), grape downy mildew (Plasmopora viticola), rice blast (Piricularia oryzae), tomato late blight (Phytophthora infestans) and wheat stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici race 15B-2).

Abstract: This invention relates to 2-aryl-2-1-H-azoyl-(alkyl)gamma-butyrolactone of the formula: ##STR1## wherein Z is optionally substituted aryl;R is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted aralkyl;Azo is 1-H-imidiazoyl, 1-H-1,2,4-triazoyl or 4-H-1,2,4-triazoyl;n is zero or an integer from 1 to 5, and the agronomically acceptable acid addition salts and metal salt complexes thereof, methods for their preparation and their use as pesticides.

Abstract: This application relates to novel metal salts of N-substituted alkylenebisdithiocarbamic acids and their use as agricultural fungicides.