Abstract: A recipe is provided for an aqueous inside and/or outside paint for green tires which are to be vulcanized in a mold in cooperation with a hot, pressurized inner bladder. The aqueous paint contains no silicone release agent, hydrocarbon solvent or rubber latex, but only an air bleeding pigment such as carbon black for the outside paint or mica for the inside paint, and surfactant which are blended into a hot wax melt to form a stable dispersion. The melt contains a major amount of a lower melting wax such as paraffin wax, and a minor amount of a higher melting wax such as carnauba wax based on the total weight of wax. The carnauba wax may be dispensed within the outside tire paint for passenger car tires. The essential ingredients for the inside tire paint are the same as those used for the outside tire paint, except that the ratios in which they are present are different to accommodate the disparate requirements for flow of the tire's rubber surfaces during the vulcanizing cycle.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for converting .alpha.,.omega.-bis(2,6-dimethylphenol)poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) ("PPO--2OH" for brevity), and the corresponding thiophenol-poly(phenylene sulfide) ("PPS--2SH"), by the oxidative copolymerization of 2,6-dimethylphenol (DMP) with 2,2'-di)4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl propane ("TMBPA"), or, of 2,6-dimethylthiophenol (DMTP) with 2,2-di(4-thiol-3,5-dimethylthiophenyl propane ("TMBTPA") respectively. Specifically, a mixture of water-methanol or chlorobenzene-methanol is used as the medium in which the reaction of DMP with TMBPA is carried out. By using a particular range of ratios of DMP to TMBPA and different solvent mixtures, the molecular weight of the PPO--2OH is tailored to be in the range from about 1000 to about 5000.

Abstract: A non-catalytic process converts oligomers of polyarylene polyethers (PAPE) having a mol wt Mn in the range from 1000 to about 10,000 to difunctionalized oligomers so as, in the first instance, to provide a reactive double bond (for example, a vinylbenzyl group) at each end of the PAPE; and, in the second instance to provide a triple bond (benzylethynyl group) at each end of the PAPE. The solubility of intermediate bisphenolates of (i) a dihydric phenol, and of (ii) the PAPE oligomer in particular solvents which allow (a) water of reaction to be removed without being degraded, and (b) essentially complete end-capping of the oligomer chains with vinyl chain ends, are the keys to the novel process. The PAPE most preferably has a repeating unit which is the residuum of two dihydric phenols or thiophenols ("DHP") linked through a C.dbd.O, --S--S--, or --SO.sub.2 - group, or a Si or C atom, and/or ether O, or thioether S atoms.

Abstract: A batch-type pyrolysis furnace fired by a main gas burner and an afterburner, is effectively safeguarded from explosions and runaway fires due to an undue build-up of flammable vapors within its main chamber, by the simple expedient of maintaining a fire under controlled temperature conditions in the main chamber. This is done by a dual-stage control system requiring three thermocouples, one (first) in the main chamber, a second in the exhaust stack downstream of the afterburner, and a third upstream of the afterburner in the vent passage ("throat") connecting the main chamber with the afterburner chamber. The first thermocouple in the main chamber senses the ambient, essentially instantaneous temperature at that location. The effectiveness of the control system, in large measure, derives from the unexpected difference in temperatures sensed by the first and third thermocouples.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for economical mass production of radial and bias/belted tires which eliminates undertread cements and solves chronic factory tack problems by providing a synthetic rubber-based undertread compound containing predominant amounts of cis-polybutadiene and having unique tack retention properties. The building tack is optimized by use of a special mixture of a p-t-alkylphenol-formaldehyde tackifying resin, a tri-methyl-dihydroquinoline polymer, and a N,N'-disubstituted-p-phenylenediamine. The process utilizes standard factory equipment with simple modifications and requires new formulations and special prodecures during mixing and processing to minimize the amount of zinc oleate, to convert virtually all of the fatty acids to zinc salts, principally stearates, and to minimize diffusion and migration of zinc stearate in a direction toward the undertread surface.

Abstract: A modified Williamson etherification in the presence of phase transfer catalyst is used to synthesize alternating block copolymers and regular copolymers. Unsaturated polyethers of a polynuclear dihydric phenol containing chloroallylic (electrophilic) end groups (prepared from cis- or trans-1,4-dichloro-2-butene and Bisphenol A) and aromatic poly(ether sulfone)s containing terminal phenol (nucleophilic) groups are polycondensed in the presence of tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate as phase transfer catalyst to give alternating block copolymers. The same telechelic polymers were chain-extended with dinucleophilic or dielectrophilic monomers under similar reaction conditions. Both the regular copolymers and the alternating block copolymers were characterized by gel permeation chromatography and DSC.

Abstract: A method for the synthesis of polyarylene polyether (PAPE) oligomers with pendant vinyl groups is presented. Aromatic polyether sulfone (APS) and poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) backbones are used for specific examples. Terminal vinyl groups may also be provided on the APS by forming the .alpha., .omega.-di(benzyl)APS before the first step of a synthesis to form pendant groups which step involves the chloromethylation of APS and PPO to provide oligomers with chloromethyl groups. PPO containing bromomethyl groups was obtained by radical bromination of the PPO methyl groups. Both chloromethylated and bromomethylated starting materials are converted to their phosphonium salts, and then subjected to a phase transfer catalyzed Wittig reaction to provide the pendant vinyl groups. An APS containing pendant ethynyl groups is prepared by bromination of the APS with pendant vinyl groups, followed by a phase transfer catalyzed dehydrobromination.

Abstract: Organic polymers which are "hydroxyphenyl-substituted" and "ether-substituted" polypyrroles ("PP") linked through N-adjacent C atoms, are disclosed which are compactable, extrudable and are also electrical conductors. When such PPs are prepared by electrochemical deposition with an appropriate electrolyte, they are also soluble in commonly available solvents, provided at least one of the 3- or 4-positions of the pyrrole nucleus is substituted with a substituent having either a hydroxyphenyl, or an ether structure. By choice of the hydroxyphenyl and/or ether substituent on one of the substitutable positions (3- or 4-) of the pyrrole nucleus, or both, the PP may be tailored for use either as a semiconductor having a conductivity in the range from about 10.sup.-5 to about 10.sup.-2 S/cm, or a relatively good conductor having a conductivity in the range from about 10.sup.-2 to about 10.sup.2 S/cm.

Abstract: A chemical process is provided for forming an electrically conductive polymer blend in which polypyrrole is a minor component. The polypyrrole is formed from a pyrrole monomer, optionally substituted at the 3- and 4-positions. The process comprises forming a solution of a matrix polymer in an anhydrous liquid reaction medium, and, in situ, contacting pyrrole monomer with a polymerization initiator selected from the group consisting of anhydrous halides of iron, cobalt or nickel (Group VIII metal) at a temperature in the range from about -20.degree. C. to below about the boiling point of the solution, so as to form the polypyrrole in situ. The polypyrrole so formed contains a Group VIII metal halide counterion dispersed within the matrix polymer so as to produce a conductive polyblend having a conductivity in the range from about 1 to about 150 ohm.sup.-1 cm.sup.-1 ("S/cm" for brevity), or a semiconductor having a conductivity in the range from about 10.sup.

Abstract: A simple two-stage process is disclosed for economic mass production of premium-quality heavy-duty belted tubeless and tube-type radial truck tires of various sizes using standard 30-year-old semi-automatic tire building machines heretofore used in the manufacture of bias-ply tires by the flat-band process. The old automatic machines are modified at minimal cost to receive a unique rigid expansible drum which is radially expanded 35% or more during the first-stage tire building operation. The drum may be adjusted to make tires of various widths and diameters and has a series of closely spaced radially movable segments defining a rigid segmental open-ended externally cylindrical shell having an annular rubber cover on which a complete green tire carcass is built prior to application of the belts and the tread at the second-stage machine.The shell has rigid beveled shoulders at the ends of the drum which are inclined at an angle of from 40.degree. to 50.degree.

Abstract: Cycloalk-2-enes and cycloalk-2-ene-dienes are found to be Michael acceptors which react with tosylmethylisocyanide to form bicyclo fused-ring compounds. A wide variety of substituents may be introduced on the alkylene ring with the aid of the carbonyl group(s) on the fused-ring compound.These carbonyl-containing bicyclo fused-ring compounds may be reduced to provide monomers which may be electrodeposited as substituted polypyrroles ("PP") which are electrically conductive, compactable and extrudable organic polymers. By choice of substituents on the alkylene ring which bridges the 3- and 4-carbon atoms of the pyrrole ring, the PP may be tailored for use either as a semiconductor having a conductivity in the range from about 10.sup.-5 to about 10.sup.-2 S/cm, or a relatively good conductor having a conductivity in the range from about 10.sup.-2 to about 10.sup.2 S/cm.

Abstract: Elastomer compositions are provided which contain high molecular weight water-insoluble humic acid humates. The compositions show improved bloom resistance in both the uncured and the vulcanized or otherwise cured state. Methods to make sponge rubber are also disclosed in which the humic acid humate is the gas producing agent. A predominantly humic acid humate containing composition maintains a clean mold, and curing an uncured article coated with the humate at elevated temperature will clean metal molds which have dirty surfaces, particularly when green coated articles are vulcanized in contact with the mold's surfaces.

Abstract: The frictional grip tool holder includes an extruded plastic housing (A). The extruded housing defines an integral, first mounting channel (12) and a facing second mounting channel (14) which define a planar region therebetween. The housing further defines an integral stabilizing channel (20) which is disposed directly above the midpoint of the planar region. A first resilient finger array (B) is mounted in the first mounting channel extending along the planar region; and a second finger array (C) is mounted in the second mounting channel extending along the planar region. The first and second finger arrays terminate in free finger ends (40, 42) contiguous with each other below the stabilizing channel. A bolt-like threaded member (50) extends through the housing adjacent the first and second mounting channels.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the economical operation of a commercial ethylene dichloride (EDC) cracking furnace which typically is prone to coking of the tubes through which the EDC is flowed. The EDC cracking furnace is found to be critically sensitive to the presence of trace amounts, 30 ppm or more of FeCl.sub.3 and/or 20 ppm or more of free chlorine, which cause coking of the tubes of the furnace. The coking of the tubes is minimized by maintaining less than 30 ppm by weight of FeCl.sub.3 or less than 20 ppm of free chlorine in the EDC feed to the EDC furnace. In the particular instance where EDC is produced at least in part in a high temperature direct chlorination ("boiling") reactor constructed from mild steel, this goal requires that the chlorine content of the effluent from the boiling reactor be controlled so as not to exceed 20 ppm. But this is to be done without using more than a 2% by weight excess of ethylene over the stoichiometric amount required to produce the EDC in the boiling reactor.

Abstract: A simple yet rugged and reliable collapsible anchor in an anchor assembly is disclosed for use with various small craft which are susceptible to damage by a conventional anchor stowed aboard or by the anchor being fouled when there is a swift current. The anchor is a stock anchor in which both the stock arms and the flukes are foldable alongside the anchor's hollow shank so as to be sheathed in a sheath from which the anchor is released when it is cast. A release mechanism is provided within the anchor's hollow shank which mechanism allows the anchor to be either self-tripped, or manually tripped, by exerting a pulling force of predetermined amount, which force required is adjustable; the mechanism obviates the use of shear pins.

Abstract: A wire rack is specifically adapted to hold a plastic bag open by its integral handle-loops, without making welds to provide journal means in which swing panels supporting the bag are swingably disposed. The rack which requires no base comprises a spacer frame which maintains at least two vertical mounting posts in horizontally spaced apart relationship with each other. The frame is mounted to a wall. Each swing panel is journalled in each mounting post which provides upper and lower wire "journalling loops", each in a horizontal plane. The journalling loops which are formed to closely wrap around the wire of a swing panel, obviate the need for welding any journal means to the wire stock of each mounting post. Each post also includes a forward-projecting U-shaped "post loop" in a horizontal plane, which in cooperation with a forward-projecting U-shaped panel loop, allows each swing panel to be locked in a bag-loading position with a plastic tube which snugly fits over both loops.

Abstract: In a method for inhibiting scale formation, a random copolymer which consists essentially of a copolymer of (i) acrylic acid or methacrylic acid (together "(meth)acrylic"), (ii) acrylamide or methacrylamide (together "(meth)acrylamide"), and (iii) an alkoxyalkyl (meth)acrylate ester ("AAE") present in specified relative proportions, is soluble in water, and is surprisingly effective in the treatment of industrial process water used in recirculating water systems, particularly with respect to inhibiting the deposition of calcium phosphate on surfaces of equipment used in such systems.

Abstract: Oligomers of polyarylene polyethers (PAPE) having a mol wt Mn in the range from 1000 to about 10,000 are converted to difunctionalized oligomers so as, in the first instance, to provide a reactive double bond (for example, a vinylbenzyl group) at each end of the PAPE; and, in the second instance, to provide a triple bond (benzylethynyl group) at each end of the PAPE. The PAPE most preferably has a repeating unit which is the residuum of two dihydric phenols or thiophenols ("DHP") linked through a C.dbd.O, --S--S--, or --SO.sub.2 -group, or a Si or C atom, and or ether O, or thioether S atoms. The preferred repeating unit is formed by reaction of a DHP such as bisphenol A (BPA) with a halogenated DHP such as dichlorophenyl sulfone (DCPS) so as to provide an alternating configuration. The repeating unit may also include a linking residue of a reactive solvent which residue provides chain extension in the backbone.

Abstract: A branched chain polyalkylenepolyamine ("PAPA") amine having plural amine groups including a secondary amine group intermediate terminal primary amine groups and having at least two carbon atoms between each amine group, is reductively alkylated with a ketone to provide a PAPA alkylated only at an unhindered primary amine group. A preselected degree of steric hindrance at amine groups near each end of the chain enables cyclization by the `ketoform synthesis` by reaction with a ketone in such a manner as to form a polysubstituted piperazinone ("PSP") ring which includes N atoms of proximate primary and secondary amine groups of the alkylated PAPA. The PSP so formed may then be reacted with a reactive triazine ring so that a PSP substituent is linked to the triazine ring through a single N atom and at least two C atoms, to form a 2-oxo-piperazinyl-triazine ("PIP-T"). Oligomers of the PIP-T may be prepared.

Abstract: A trace amount of free chlorine, present along with comparable amounts of ethylene, oxygen and water vapor in the ethylene dichloride (EDC) effluent from a direct chlorination reactor, may be effectively scavenged by exposing the effluent to ultraviolet ("u-v") light having a wavelength less than about 4000.ANG. which is absorbed by the chlorine, but to which both ethylene and EDC are essentially transparent. In this process, contaminant chlorine in substantially pure (99..sup.+ %) EDC is catalytically activated and reacts with EDC to form an unwanted byproduct, namely 1,1,2-trichloroethane ("triane"). The process is effective in either the gaseous phase or the liquid phase.