Abstract: A process is disclosed for photochlorinating poly(vinyl chloride), ("PVC"), suspended in liquid chlorine ("Cl.sub.2 ") which swells the PVC and permits chlorination to occur in a gel phase. PVC starting material is in the form of solid free-flowing macrogranules which are slurried in from about 5 to about 50 times their weight of liquid Cl.sub.2 in a reaction zone maintained at a temperature in the range from about -50.degree. C. to about 50.degree. C., and a pressure sufficient to maintain the chlorine in its liquid state. Since liquid Cl.sub.2 itself swells the PVC to provide a gel phase in which photochlorination occurs, no conventional chlorinated hydrocarbon swelling agents, catalytic materials and the like are necessary. The process may be operated as a batch process, or a continuous process. Typical chlorine content of PVC is about 56.7 percent by weight (% by wt.), and the product of chlorination is chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride), ("CPVC"). When formed, this CPVC is dissolved in the liquid Cl.sub.

Abstract: A wire rack for holding a plastic bag open so that it can be filled, is constructed from wire stock, essentially without any welds. The plastic bag has integral handle loops which are held apart in the rack. Essential components of the wire rack are left and right swing panels each formed from a single length of wire stock; a spacer frame comprising plural parallel wire members having wrap-around-ends, wrapped around the upper portions of each panel; and, a laminar base support means connecting the panels, upon which base the bag rests. Each swing panel includes a tab-shaped horizontal upper portion to engage a handle loop of the plastic bag so as to hold it open. Essential freedom from welds dispenses with problems related to failure of the welds. In one particularly preferred embodiment, the wire rack may be collapsed for shipping.

Abstract: Novel compounds have been discovered in which a bis compound of a polysubstituted 2-keto-1,4-diazacycloalkane ("2KDZC") provides a bridge between diisocyanate groups so as to form an oligomeric 2KDZC-urethane ("2K-U" oligomer) having from 2 to about 15 repeating units. The bis compound bridge itself consists essentially of two distally linked polysubstituted 2KDZC moieties, and the 2K-U oligomer formed consists essentially of two 2KDZC moieties linked through their N.sup.1 atoms, which moieties in turn are distally linked to urethane groups through the N.sup.4 atoms of the 2KDZC. Such 2K-U oligomers unexpectedly contain a self-limiting number of 2K-U repeating units which happens to provide 2K-U oligomers which are desirable and highly effective u-v light stabilizers in organic materials.

Abstract: Under particular conditions, a cationic ring-opening polymerization of an (single) oxirane monomer selected from the group consisting of an acyclic glycidyl ether, a cyclic glycidyl ether, and a haloalkyl epoxide, in the presence of a hydroxyl-terminated prepolymer ("HTP") and a particular catalyst, produces a polymerization having `living polymerization` characteristics, provided the OH groups are aliphatic OH groups and not aromatic OH groups. The result is an AB or ABA type block copolymer the molecular weight (mol wt) of which is directly proportional to the conversion of the monomer to the block copolymer. The HTP which may be a mono-, di-, tri-, or tetra-hydroxyl-terminated prepolymer, serves as a chain propagator which initially furnishes OH groups as propagation sites. Linear block copolymers or branched block copolymers are formed, depending upon the structure of the HTP. Where one segment of an AB or ABA type block contains halogen, the segment may be aminated.

Abstract: The addition of a getter consisting essentially of reactive oxides of boron and silicon, to a melt of an alkali metal halide serves to overcome problems of unacceptable color, afterglow and hardness attributable to trace impurities present in the melt. These trace impurities are generally metals present in a concentration less than 1 part per million (ppm) parts of melt. An ingot melt-grown from charge stock treated with the getter provides high quality optical bodies such as light pipes, laser windows and scintillators. Specific problems characteristic of a scintillator ingot grown from a highly purified alkali metal halide "remelt", such as is obtained by crushing and melting portions of a melt-grown ingot, are overcome by adding to the remelt a portion of fresh powder stock in which the getter has been uniformly distributed.

Abstract: An adhesive activated (AA) polyester cord, aramid cord, and fabrics made therefrom, may be coated in a one-step dip comprising an aqueous dispersion of a solid finely divided reversibly blocked polyisocyanate (RBP), an adhesive latex of a diene polymer, and a dispersion of an acrylic resin selected from the group consisting of a homopolymer of a monomer, or a copolymer of two or more monomers having the structure ##STR1## wherein, R represents H, methyl, ethyl, Cl or CN, and, X represents hydroxyl (OH), hydroxymethylamino (NHCH.sub.2 OH), or alkoxy (O-alkyl) having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Automobile tires made from fabric coated with the one-step combination R/F/L, acrylic resin and RBP dip have comparable of better properties, as evidenced by test results of tires tested to destruction, than those of tires made with fabric treated with a two-step bath, the first bath containing the RBP and the second bath containing the R/F/L and acrylic resin.

Abstract: A forward-weighted fishing lure is disclosed which will travel level underwater when drift-fishing from a boat, or even when the lure is simply hanging from a float of "bobber". The lure will also travel level underwater when it is retrieved or trolled. The lure comprises an elongate heavy body, a wire member protruding from the tail portion of the body, a spinner and a fish hook at the end of the wire member which fish hook is spaced from the spinner by spaced beads. The body is provided with a generally T-shaped cavity in which the wire member is removably inserted until an eyelet in the wire member protrudes from the body's upper portion at the balance point of the lure, so that the lure will be level when suspended underwater by a fishing line attached to the eyelet. The parts of the lure are interchangeable. The lure moves through the water with a swimming action simulating a minnow while utilizing even a slow water current so as to induce fish-attracting spinner action.

Abstract: A simple inexpensive modification of existing tire molds used in old steam dome vulcanizing presses provides remarkable versatility and permits curing of truck and farm tractor tires at higher temperatures with higher internal water pressures to reduce curing times 5 to 10% or more while improving tire quality. A thin, flat heat exchanger with outstanding heat transfer characteristics is readily provided on each mold half by welding a flat outer disc and spacers to the mold to form an annular steam chamber of narrow cross section in direct communication with the outer mold face and the vent passages.

Abstract: To "set" the relative angular disposition of cords in plural inextensible belts on an inflated green tire carcass before it is cured in a mold, a roller is provided which momentarily presses a belt upon the carcass, thus "printing" the belt thereon at a fixed distance from the longitudinal axis of the carcass, and thereafter releases the belt. The carcass is inflated into a toroidal shape so that a point on the circumference of the carcass is at a predetermined inflated distance from the longitudinal axis of the carcass. The roller is placed on each belt to be "set" so that the roller contacts each belt prior to printing it on the carcass. The roller biases each belt on the carcass toward its (the carcass') longitudinal axis, and it is essential that the distance between the bottom surface of the roller and the longitudinal axis of the inflated carcass is maintained constant while each belt is in contact with the roller.

Abstract: A hot slipstream from the exhaust of an internal combustion engine is used directly, that is without valving it, to heat and vaporize fuel as it is sprayed from the fuel nozzle of a carburetor having a booster venturi above the throttle plate, provided the ratio of the volume of slipstream to the volume of exhaust gases is self-regulated within narrow limits at all times during the engine's operation, in accordance with the physical considerations governing gas flow. The main jets of a conventional carburetor may be changed to provide decreased flow of gasoline by about 10% to give better mileage without sacrificing performance of the engine, and without adversely affecting the exhaust emissions which are otherwise controlled by a conventional emission control system.

Abstract: A two-step process is disclosed for preparing an essentially non-crosslinked random copolymer of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with esters of the acids which esters are formed by reaction with an alkylene oxide. Raw materials are (meth)acrylic acid and alkylene oxide. In a first step, a predetermined amount of a particular esterification catalyst is used, and with close control of process conditions, the (meth)acrylic acid yields both mono- and polyalkoxylated esters. In the second step polymerization is effected without separating the esterification catalyst or purifying the esters formed. The resulting random copolymer formed consists essentially of a terpolymer of (i) acrylic acid or methacrylic acid (together "(meth)acrylic"), (ii) a hydroxymonoalkylated (meth)acrylate, and (iii) a hydroxypolyalkyleneoxylated (meth)acrylate the monomeric moieties being present in specified relative proportions.

Abstract: [1.1.1.1.]metacyclophane is a cyclic compound consisting of two alkane bisphenol molecules coupled through their available ortho positions by a methylene moiety. The cyclic compound is initially formed as a dihydrate by reaction of a 2,2'-di-substituted alkane bisphenol such as a 2,2'-di-t.butylated alkane bisphenol with paraformaldehyde at about 170.degree. C. in an aromatic solvent. The dihydrate may be dehydrated under select conditions. The cyclic compound is an excellent antioxidant in mineral filled natural rubber, and in polyolefins, particularly in polypropylene.

Abstract: When feed stock is pulled from storage and a portion cut off for use by an operator, such as a builder of tires, the remaining portion of feed stock not used by the operator for the tire he is building ("unused stock"), interferes with the tire building process. Therefore, the tire builder must take the time, and make the additional effort to move the unused stock out of his way, usually by pulling the end of the unused stock into a retaining clip on the tray of the `servicer` which presents appropriate stocks to the tire builder. To avoid the inconvenience to the tire builder who must move the unused stock out of his way, and to save the time required for him to do so, a spring actuated cam roller is used to release the feed stock to the tire building machine when the operator pulls on the stock. After the operator cuts off a predetermined portion, a controlled reverse rotation of the cam is automatically spring actuated so as to retract the end of the unused stock and keep it out of the operator's way.

Abstract: This invention is directed to solving the problem of matching first and second roll-portions of grouted-tile-pattern linoleum roll stock along the longitudinal edges thereof, so as to maintain the overall repeating grouted-tile pattern ("field") without showing the joint. The problem is solved by a remarkably simple implement for cutting the grouted-tiled-pattern linoleum roll stock along a longitudinally continuous grout line with a manually operable blade means, by making no measurement other than visually inspecting the width of the grout line through spaced apart apertures in an elongated relatively thin metal laminar strip member, and positioning its longitudinal edge, nearest the apertures, on the salvage edge in such a way as to leave a predetermined width thereof when cut with the blade's manually guided edge.

Abstract: A process is disclosed which permits the photochlorination of poly(vinyl chloride) resin ("PVC"), in an aqueous medium without the use of swelling agents such as are conventionally used. The chlorination reaction proceeds in an aqueous suspension having a high PVC concentration, yet allows the production of essentially uniformly chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) resin ("CPVC") of excellent quality and uniformity, with a heat distortion temperature ("HDT") of at least 100.degree. C. The transfer of chlorine from the gaseous phase into the aqueous phase, and then into the solid PVC phase, has been accelerated by this process which provides a critical combination of photo-illumination, elevated temperature and elevated pressure in a reactor devoid of oxygen and a swelling agent for the PVC. The "water-chlorination process" of this invention provides a "soak" period, after removal of oxygen from the aqueous PVC suspension, at a soak temperature of about 60.degree. C. to about 75.degree. C.

Abstract: A process is disclosed in which any off-gas generated in a wastewater treatment plant, which off-gas has a low calorific (or BTU) value about one-tenth of that of natural gas, and usually even less, may be profitably burned in a multiple hearth furnace if the off-gas is first wet-scrubbed to a temperature below about 90.degree. F., then pre-heated by passing it through the center shaft of a multiple hearth furnace, before the pre-heated gas is burned. Such cooling of the off-gas by wet-scrubbing has the effect of lowering the moisture content of the wet-scrubbed gas sufficiently so that it may be advantageously pre-heated in the center shaft of the furnace and recycled to the hearths to assist in the combustion of sludge. In addition to providing desirable savings in auxiliary fuel usage, wet-scrubbed off-gas is unexpectedly cleansed of a sufficient amount of its corrosive components so as to permit ducting the wet-scrubbed gas in mild steel or cast iron equipment.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for hot press-forging a normally frangible optically integral crystalline mass ("optical body") in a closed die, by directly pressing a surface of the mass while it is peripherally surrounded by a crystal powder the amount of which is computed from the deformation ratio desired and the geometry of the die. The crystal powder is compacted by the nonuniformly directed forces transmitted to it by the optical body, and eventually the crystal powder is sufficiently dense so as dynamically to constrain the optical body at its peripheral surface. The dynamic constraint of the optical body while it is being forged is effected in such a way as to permit deformation of the optical body without fracturing it, and, without affecting its optical integrity.

Abstract: Terminally unsaturated liquid epihalohydrin polymers are produced by polymerizing at least one epihalohydrin using hydroxyalkyl acrylate or methacrylates as a modifier. The polymerization is conducted in the presence of a catalytic amount of a trialkyl oxonium salt of an HMF.sub.6 acid wherein M is an element selected from the group consisting of phosphorus, arsenic and antimony. The polymers are useful as tougheners for unsaturated polyester resin systems.

Abstract: Terminally unsaturated liquid epihalohydrin polymers are produced by polymerizing at least one epihalohydrin using acrylic acid or methacrylic acid as a modifier. The polymerization is conducted in the presence of a catalytic amount of a trialkyl oxonium salt of an HMF.sub.6 acid wherein M is an element selected from the group consisting of phosphorus, arsenic and antimony. The polymers are useful as tougheners for unsaturated polyester resin systems.

Abstract: Terminally unsaturated liquid epihalohydrin polymers are produced by polymerizing at least one epihalohydrin using acrylic acid or methacrylic acid as a modifier. The polymerization is conducted in the presence of a catalytic amount of a trialkyl oxonium salt of an HMF.sub.6 acid wherein M is an element selected from the group consisting of phosphorus, arsenic and antimony. The polymers are useful as tougheners for unsaturated polyester resin systems.