Abstract: Methods of making memory devices/cells are disclosed. First and second electrode layers and a controllably conductive media therebetween are formed over a dielectric layer that has a planar surface and at least one opening. The layers on the dielectric layer planar surface are removed so that the remaining second electrode surface in the opening is co-planar with the dielectric layer planar surface. Methods of using the memory devices/cells, and devices such as computers containing the memory devices/cells are also disclosed.

Abstract: Systems and methodologies of growing an active layer (e.g., a polymer layer) for a memory cell via catalyst points of a self assembled monolayer (SAM). The self assembled monolayer can act as a site that anchors a subsequent growth of polymer chain reactions, via the presence of the DPA that reacts with the active catalyst spots. The DPA can react with a surface of the self assembled monolayer to form an active layer of the polymer memory cell.

Abstract: A power pack with human interface devices that includes a power pack housing, which is detachably interfaced to a portable device. The power pack includes a power source internal to the housing for providing power, a light source internal to the housing for producing a light signal associated with a status, which light signal is viewable external to the housing, and an audio source internal to the housing for producing an audio signal associated with the status. The power pack interfaces electrically to the portable device to provide power thereto, and receive therefrom control signals associated with the status, which control signals activate at least one of the light source and audio source according to the status.

Abstract: The invention provides systems and methods that can be used for targeted advertising. The system determines where to present impressions, such as advertisements, to maximize an expected utility subject to one or more constraints, which can include quotas and minimum utilities for groups of one or more impression. The traditional measure of utility in web-based advertising is click-though rates, but the present invention provides a broader definition of utility, including measures of sales, profits, or brand awareness, for example. This broader definition permits advertisements to be allocated more in accordance with the actual interests of advertisers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system and methodology for extending and making more appropriate the interactive decisions made by automated services by taking into consideration estimates of the time required by users for the cognitive processing of problems, visualizations, and content based on several factors, including the competency and familiarity of the user with the output and nature of the sequences of output, the complexity of the output and overall tasks being considered, and the context of the user. The methods allow automated applications to control the rate at which the applications interact with users. Portions of automated services are controlled in view of limited human processor capabilities in design/operation of such services, and/or visualizations/output from the services (e.g., amount of dwell time provided/considered before a next automated sequence is displayed/invoked).

Abstract: The present systems and methods disclose a system for personalizing computer functionality. End-users are provided with tools to easily write rich and complex preferences, for example, by using a plurality simple IF-THEN propositional logic. The preferences are then transformed into queries and executed efficiently on structured data. Preferences that are satisfied then execute actions such as providing notification or storing data in a particular folder. Furthermore, according to an aspect of the invention, data, logic, events, inter alia, are all schematized, thereby enabling sharing of data between application components and across applications.

Abstract: Methods of making a semiconductor structure are disclosed. A refractory metal layer containing W, TiW, Ta, or TaN and semiconductor layer are formed on a substrate that contains copper in, for example, a via therein. A portion of the refractory metal layer and semiconductor layer is removed by etching using a fluorine-containing compound. By using W, TiW, Ta, or TaN as the refractory metal layer material and employing fluorine-based etching, the copper portion in the substrate is not substantially etched, thus preventing corrosion of the copper portion.

Abstract: A test unit for an aircraft cabin telephony system includes a pair of connectors for inserting the test unit in-line within the system; an AC voltage module that is operative to indicate the presence of an AC voltage when the test unit is connected to the Cabin Delivery System connector of the cabin telephony system; a signal module that is operative to detect the presence of data signals when the test unit is connected to the Cabin Delivery System connector; a DC power module that is operative to indicate the presence of DC voltage when the test unit is connected to a seat telephony box within the cabin telephony system; and an AC current module that is operative to detect an over-current condition when the test unit is connected to the Cabin Delivery System connector of the cabin telephony system.

Abstract: Disclosed are catalyst systems and methods of making the catalyst systems/supports for the polymerization of an olefin containing a solid titanium catalyst component having a substantially spherical shape and containing an internal electron donor, a support made from a magnesium compound, an alcohol, an ether, a surfactant, and an alkyl silicate. The catalyst system may further contain an organoaluminum compound and an organosilicon compound. Also disclosed are methods of making an impact copolymer involving polymerizing an olefin to provide a polyolefin matrix and polymerizing a polyolefin rubber using a catalyst component containing a support made from a magnesium compound, an alcohol, an ether, a surfactant, and an alkyl silicate.

Abstract: A system and method for generating staged mixture model(s) is provided. The staged mixture model includes a plurality of mixture components each having an associated mixture weight, and, an added mixture component having an initial structure, parameters and associated mixture weight. The added mixture component is modified based, at least in part, upon a case that is undesirably addressed by the plurality of mixture components using a structural expectation maximization (SEM) algorithm to modify at the structure, parameters and/or associated mixture weight of the added mixture component. The staged mixture model employs a data-driven staged mixture modeling technique, for example, for building density, regression, and classification model(s). The basic approach is to add mixture component(s) (e.g., sequentially) to the staged mixture model using an SEM algorithm.

Abstract: An imaging system and methodology is provided to facilitate optical imaging performance. The system includes a sensor having one or more receptors and an image transfer medium to scale the sensor and receptors to an object field of view. A computer, memory, and/or display associated with the sensor provides storage and/or display of information relating to output from the receptors to produce and/or process an image, wherein a plurality of illumination sources can also be utilized in conjunction with the image transfer medium. The image transfer medium can be configured as a k-space filter that correlates a pitch associated with the receptors to a diffraction-limited spot within the object field of view, wherein the pitch can be unit-mapped to about the size of the diffraction-limited spot within the object field of view.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and structures for fabrication of reliable and efficient memory cells. The methods involve formation of a conformal diffusion barrier layer in a via, deposition of an electrode material in the via, removal of a certain portion of the electrode material from the via to expose a the portion of the diffusion barrier layer, converting the exposed portion of the diffusion barrier layer into an oxide, forming a memory element film, and forming and patterning a top electrode. Improved electrical conduction and data retention from the memory element of a memory cell by preventing short circuits and leakage of current through the conductive diffusion barrier layer, and thereby enhanced reliability and performance of a memory cell are obtained.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided that facilitate configuration of a keypad by end users of the portable host device, via employing a mapping component that can map individual keys of the keypad to characters and/or functions predefined by a user (e.g., defined for the host unit via a proprietary application/software). The reconfigurable keypad of the present invention can provide for a one touch access to special characters and/or performance of predetermined functions designated by the user, and thus facilitates performances of customized functions that can be unique to the end users.

Abstract: Systems and methodologies are provided for simplifying a polymer memory cell's operation by employing a post polymer growth treatment to form ionic or super ionic metal compounds therein. Such post polymer growth treatment facilitates distribution and mobility of metal ions (or charged metallic molecules) within an active layer of the polymer memory cell, and mitigates (or eliminates) a need for initialization procedures. Moreover, the post treatment of the present invention can also facilitate controlling a distribution of various thresholds (e.g., write and erase threshold), and set them to predetermined values Accordingly, variability in threshold values of polymer memory cells that can result from initialization processes can be mitigated (or eliminated), and thicker polymer layers can be employed without an initialization penalty.

Abstract: In the volume pricing methodology, a seller initially establishes a price structure for a product which provides for lower prices as larger quantities of the product are purchased. The price structure is electronically made available to potential buyers of the product. For example, the price structure may be displayed on an Internet site. The sellers further establish an “open session” period during which orders for the product are accepted. During the open session period, multiple buyers are able to place orders for the product up to a maximum available quantity. At the end of the open session, the total quantity of products collectively ordered by all of the buyers is calculated. Based on the total quantity ordered, the final price to all buyers is the lowest price provided from the price structure regardless of whether the lowest price had been reached at the time a particular buyer placed their order during the open session.

Abstract: A system and method is provided for providing security to components or assemblies employed by application programs during runtime. Assemblies carry version information that can be used to enforce the versioning rules described by the application program. At runtime, version numbers requested by the application programs are compared with those version numbers of the assemblies that are actually found. In addition to comparing version numbers, the present invention offers a stricter form of version checking based on cryptographic hashes. An assembly is provided with module information that contains a list of the files that make up the assembly. Part of the information recorded about each module is a hash of the module's contents at the time the manifest was built. An assembly referencing another assembly computes the hash of the manifest of the referenced assembly. An assembly manifest may include dependency information, which is information about other assemblies that the assembly depends on or references.

Abstract: A system and method for mitigating problems associated with automatic execution of initialization code is provided. The system includes an initialization method activator that can call a class initialization method at a predetermined execution point. The system also includes a deadlock analyzer that can determine whether calling the initialization method will create a deadlock, and, if a deadlock is detected that can resolve such a deadlock. The system also includes a semantic analyzing component that can analyze a semantic type associated with the initialization method and a domain uniqueness analyzer that can analyze the uniqueness of the domain with which the class will interact, to facilitate determining where to place code that will check whether a class is initialized, and if the class is not initialized that will invoke the class initializing method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system and methodology facilitating automated audit recording and tracking of PLC-based interactions. A recording component is provided that interacts with an application that can change or alter one or more characteristics of PLC operations. The recording component can be client-based on the same or associated platform as the application or can be embedded within a control system component. When interactions have been recorded, a tracking component aggregates such interactions in a file or record stored in a local or remote database, wherein audit reports that document control interactions or changes can automatically be generated from such files. Recorded interactions can be stored in a substantially real time manner and include records of all interactions with a control system as opposed to merely saving a final program or resultant image of such interactions, thus facilitating a more controlled and secure auditing environment.

Abstract: Improved biological material imaging systems and related methods are provided by using an imaging system for imaging biological materials, the imaging system comprising a sensor having one or more receptors, and an image transfer medium to scale the one or more receptors to an object field of view.

Abstract: A system and method for adaptive estimation and compensation of clock drift in echo cancellers is provided. The invention includes an acoustic echo cancellation system with a built in adaptive clock drift compensation system. The acoustic echo cancellation system has an AEC component that performs acoustic echo cancellation on data from a capture buffer, by also using information derived from a render buffer. The clock drift compensation system has access to this capture buffer and render buffer. The clock drift compensation system includes a clock drift compensator that calculates, based on the current location of the capture data being processed by the AEC component as well as additional information, the ideal location in the render buffer from which the AEC component should process data. The clock drift compensator further adjusts the current location in the render buffer from which the AEC component processes data based, at least in part, upon this ideal location.