Abstract: High molecular weight organic compounds, such as humic acid derivatives, are removed from Bayer process caustic liquors by oxidation of these compounds. The process involves addition of oxygen to the caustic liquor in quantities in the range established by the solubility of the oxygen in the liquor under the oxidation conditions.

Abstract: HCl-contaminated gas streams are purified by contacting the contaminated gas with an alumina-containing material which has been promoted with an alkaline earth metal salt.

Abstract: A metallurgical bond at the interface between an aluminum-lithium core alloy and a metallic liner is achieved by first forming a mechanical bond along the interface between the core and liner under moderated temperature and reduction conditions, and then heating the composite without simultaneous reduction to cause diffusion of the elements across the core-liner interface. The result is a metallurgical bond securing the layers together to form a composite which can be worked, shaped, and fabricated by normal reduction techniques into a full range of products without the discoloration and fouling problems otherwise typical of aluminum-lithium alloys.

Abstract: This invention is concerned with an improved apparatus system and method for removing liquid coolant from the side marginal edges of a continuously moving metal strip or sheet after it exits from a rolling mill and subsequent to the prior diversion and collection by a suitable device of the liquid rolling mill coolant that may otherwise contact and deleteriously rewet the top and bottom surfaces of the moving strip as it exits from the mill. The invention in its preferred embodiment involves use of a pair of improved combination strip edge wiping or contacting roller and vacuum creating units that are located adjacent the path of travel and each of the opposing side marginal edges of the moving strip.

Abstract: High strength and high toughness are combined in an aluminum-based metallic product by dispersing particles of an aluminum-based metal having a toughness of at least about 20 foot-pounds through a matrix of aluminum-based metal having a yield strength of at least about 30 ksi.

Abstract: Bayer process liquors derived from the digestion of bauxites with a caustic solution are purified by removing at least a portion of the organic impurities present in the liquors. Removal of these impurities is accomplished by treating liquor containing dispersed therein solids generated by the Bayer process or added thereto, such as red mud particles, alumina trihydrate, oxalate salt, or filter aid with an organic polymeric, water-soluble cationic quaternary ammonium salt (POLYQUAT salt) which due to its cationic nature will adhere to the surface of the dispersed solids. The organic coating or layer adhered to the solids provides a receptive surface for the organic impurities, thus allowing formation of a solid-Polyquat-organic Adduct which is easily removed from the Bayer system.

Abstract: A mechanical seal mounting assembly for a centrifugal high solids concentration slurry pump is disclosed. A rotating seal ring adapter is secured to the pump's impeller drive shaft for rotation with the shaft. A stationary seal ring adapter is secured to a first end of a seal carrier which extends through the pump's back plate. A split gland ring is attached to a second end of the seal carrier and is supported by gland nuts threadedly carried on gland bolts. The gland bolts are attached to a bearing assembly for the pump shaft. Axial movement of the pump shaft to effect impeller clearance seal adjustment is possible without disturbing the mechanical seal adjustment. An O-ring is interposed between the pump back plate and the seal carrier and is held in place by an O-ring retainer secured to the back plate of the pump.

Abstract: Finely divided alumina, recovered from the dust recovery systems of alumina hydrate calcination facilities, is employed as seed for the precipitation of alumina hydrate from pregnant Bayer process liquors. The finely divided alumina dust can either be used as seed in as-is condition, or, if desired, agglomerated to coarse and strong particles prior to use as seed. Agglomeration is accomplished by combining the dust in a predetermined weight ratio with alumina trihydrate seed under controlled conditions. The process allows the utilization of an otherwise undesirable and unacceptable by-product of alumina hydrate calcination.

Abstract: Anodized aluminum-based metal workpieces are colored in a nickel-based electrolytic coloring process in which the nickel ion is supplied in the form of nickel sulfate in acidic solution. Improvements in both throwing power and coloring rate are observed at elevated temperatures and nickel concentrations.

Abstract: Faujasite-type zeolites of high catalytic activity, low coke-forming property and stable crystalline structure are prepared by using a combination of hydrothermal treatment and ion exchange resin removal of aluminum from the crystalline structure of the zeolites. The process allows for a substantial increase of the silica-to-alumina ratio in the zeolite without detrimentally affecting the strength of the structure.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for on-line measurement of unflatness of hot or cold rolled strip products, wherein the longitudinal bending of a shape roll over which the strip passes provides a measure of the unflatness of the strip. Actual values of force, displacement or bending moment near the ends of the shape roll may be compared to theoretically predicted values for a flat product and for product having various out-of-flatness conditions. Preferably, the shape roll is supported at its ends by two pairs of supports, and the measurements at the supports are used in determining roll bending and then strip unflatness. Other conditions such as off-center strip and asymmetric operation of the rolling mill may also be determined from the measurement.

Abstract: A device for applying coolant/lubricant to the surface of the rolls of the rolling mill and/or the workpiece being rolled. The device comprises a housing having a plurality of nozzles associated therewith, a rotating inner manifold having a plurality of apertures therein in a particular array for directing liquid to the nozzles and sealing means between the manifold and housing which provides a leak-free passageway for the liquid. The manifold is rotated to align the apertures therein with the leak-free passageway to supply liquid to the desired nozzles.

Abstract: An improved precipitation system is provided for the Bayer process production of alumina hydrate. In order to produce coarse and strong alumina hydrate at high yield, supersaturated Bayer process sodium aluminate liquor is seeded with a relatively small seed charge in a first precipitator at a relatively low temperature and the produced slurry is transferred to a second precipitator where without additional seeding, the solids content of the slurry is allowed to increase to about 250-700 g/l by accumulating solids in the line until the desired solids content is reached. After a suitable residence time, a coarse, strong product hydrate can be recovered in yields of or exceeding 80 g/l based on the alumina (Al.sub.2 O.sub.3) content of the supersaturated sodium aluminate liquor subjected to precipitation.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved bottom block for vertical DC and EM casting large ingots and billets, particularly ingots having generally rectangularly shaped cross sections which are rolled into sheet and plate. The improved bottom block stably supports the ingot or billet in its downward descent during casting so that the ingot or billet does not move on the bottom block by leaning off center or rocking back and forth. In accordance with the invention, a plurality of drain holes in the bottom block, which are adapted to remove coolant which collects on the top surface of the bottom block, are provided with fan shaped recesses which form appendages on the butt of the ingot or billet. These ingot or billet appendages ride up the lower inclined surfaces of the recesses when the ingot or billet butt shrinks and curls, thereby stabilizing the ingot or billet.

Abstract: Cracking of hydrocarbons with a mixture of acid dealuminated, rare earth metal exchanged Y-zeolite having a SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 molar ratio of more than about 6 and not more than about 300, and non-dealuminated rare earth metal exchanged Y-zeolite and a matrix.

Abstract: Preparation of fluid catalytic cracking catalysts is improved by incorporating a viscosity-reducing agent, having the general formula of Al.sub.2 (OH).sub.5 NO.sub.3, in the aqueous slurry containing the catalyst components of zeolite, clay, aluminous binder, and a silica source, prior to drying of the slurry. The viscosity-reducing additive allows an increase in the solids content of the aqueous slurry and thus improves the efficiency of the drying operation.

Abstract: This invention relates to exchanging the sodium contained in a crystalline zeolite by partially removing sodium by exchange with another cation, partially drying the exchanged zeolite and re-exchanging the dried zeolite.

Abstract: In the process of preparing fluid catalytic cracking catalysts where an aqueous slurry, containing a zeolite, or zeolites, an alumina-containing binder, a clay and a silica source, is subjected to drying to form essentially water-free solid catalyst particles, the viscosity of the aqueous slurry can be significantly reduced by incorporation of a small but effective amount of [Al.sub.2 (OH).sub.6-y Cl.sub.y ].sub.x additive. Due to this decrease in viscosity, the solids content of the slurry can be raised until the original, additive-free viscosity level, is reached, which, in turn, results in increased solids throughput rate in the drying step with corresponding savings of thermal energy and improved catalyst production efficiency.

Abstract: A composition useful for the adsorptive bleaching of edible oils, particularly of vegetable oils, is disclosed. The composition consists essentially of a major portion of bleaching clay and a minor portion of an alumino-silicate zeolite preferably of the faujasite-type structure. The zeolite used has its base exchange sites occupied by alkaline earth metal and/or transition metal cations, wherein the transition metal cations employed exclude those of the Group VIII metals. Preferably, the zeolite is a calcium-, magnesium-, or lanthanum-exchanged Y-zeolite. The presence of the zeolite in the bleaching composition significantly improves the removal of free fatty acids from the oil while permitting simultaneous removal of color impurities.

Abstract: Sodium oxalate impurity is removed from oxalate-enriched Bayer process caustic liquor by gradual increase of the caustic concentration of the liquor, thus providing a staged precipitation of the sodium oxalate in a well-crystallized and readily filterable form.