Abstract: A bipolar electrochemical cell comprising a novel connector for electrically connecting the anode and cathode of adjacent cell units comprising a corrugated, electrically conductive sheet which defines, respectively, with said cathode and said anode, separate channels for feeding gases or a gas and an electrolyte to said electrodes and a spacer placed between the cell separator and one of the electrodes which is adapted to provide, upon compression of a cell stack, dimensional separation of the cell separator and the electrode as well as electrical contact with the electrodes of the bipolar cell connector.

Abstract: An anionically conductive polymer electrolyte, solid at ambient temperature, containing a salt of the formula:(R).sub.3 CMX.sub.n,wherein M is selected from the group consisting of at least one of boron, phosphorus, antimony, and arsenic, wherein X is halogen, n is 4 or 6, and R is aryl of 6-18 carbon atoms, alkyl of 1-8 carbon atoms, or alkaryl of 7-26 carbon atoms. The polymer is derived from at least one monomer having at least one heteroatom in the monomer unit selected from oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus. The electrolyte can be prepared by mixing the polymer and the salt together in the presence of a diluent or solvent and removing the diluent or solvent or by polymerizing a salt and monomer mixture utilizing a metal or a Lewis acid catalyst.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell having a hydraulically impermeable permselective membrane is operated more efficiently by (1) separating the anode and the cathode of such a cell from the permselective membrane by a spacing means which is porous, hydrophilic, and electrically non-conductive, or alternatively, (2) providing a coating on the metal electrodes of said cell which is hydrophilic, porous, and electrically non-conductive. Said spacing means is of a material selected from the group consisting of at least one of mineral fibers, synthetic organic polymers, and ceramics and glasses.

Abstract: An ion exchange membrane electrolyzer having at least one electrolytic cell containing a gas diffusion cathode, a current distributor, an anode supported by a wall of the electrolytic cell housing, and spacing means separating the current distributor which is in contact with said gas diffusion cathode from said ion exchange membrane wherein the force exerted by gas pressure applied to one face of the gas diffusion cathode is transmitted to said anode via said current distributor, and/or said spacing means, and said ion exchange membrane.

Abstract: An electrogenerative cell and a process for the oxidation or halogenation of hydrocarbons is disclosed wherein a cell body containing a permselective membrane which divides said cell body into anolyte and catholyte compartments containing a liquid electrolyte consisting repectively of anolyte and catholyte and a porous anode and a porous cathode. Anolyte and catholyte compartments are fed respectively with a mixture of a liquid electrolyte and an unsaturated hydrocarbon and a mixture of a liquid electrolyte and a halogen or oxygen, wherein said electrolytes are fed to said cell at ambient or elevated temperature and pressure. A halogenated or oxygenated hydrocarbon is recovered and electrolytes, unsaturated hydrocarbon, halogen or oxygen are recycled to the cell.

Abstract: An electric current producing primary electrochemical cell having an aqueous electrolyte, an alkaline earth metal anode, and a cathode capable of intercalating ions of the anode metal. The cell operates at an ambient temperature of about 20.degree. C. to about 100.degree. C. at a pH of about 1 to about 5 and exists in a dry (unactivated) state until needed. Activation is initiated by the addition of the electrolyte.

Abstract: An improved frame useful in a filter press type electrolytic cell having a channel of U-shaped configuration and filled with a mixture of a thermosetting resin and a filter. The frames can be used in an electrolytic cell for the electrolysis of brine to produce chlorine and caustic.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell having a hydraulically impermeable permselective membrane located between electrodes comprising at least one gas diffusion, laminar electrode having hydrophilic and hydrophobic layers and attendant current collector means is operated with greater efficiency by forcing the laminar, gas diffusion electrode against the current collector means so as to make and maintain electrical contact therebetween by means of gas pressure exerted against the hydrophobic side of the laminar, gas diffusion electrode opposite to that which faces the permselective membrane.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the on-line determination of the bonding strength of a plural layer laminate having at least one outer layer transparent to electromagnetic radiation, said method comprising: directing a collimated beam of electromagnetic radiation onto the substantially flat surface of said laminate at an incident angle substantially greater than a normal to the surface of said laminate; measuring the reflected intensity of said electromagnetic radiation at two substantially different diffuse reflectance angles; converting said reflected intensity to an intensity ratio by dividing the greater intensity value by the lesser intensity value to obtain a value which is proportional to the adhesion of the laminate based upon a pre-determined relationship of the bonding strength of said laminate and the value of said intensity ratio.

Abstract: An anionically conductive polymer electrolyte, solid at ambient temperature, containing a salt of the formula:(R).sub.3 CMX.sub.n,wherein M is selected from the group consisting of at least one of boron, phosphorus, antimony, and arsenic, wherein X is halogen, n is 4 or 6, and R is aryl of 6-18 carbon atoms, alkyl of 1-8 carbon atoms, or alkaryl of 7-26 carbon atoms. The polymer is derived from at least one monomer having at least one heteroatom in the monomer unit selected from oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus. The electrolyte can be prepared by mixing the polymer and the salt together in the presence of a diluent or solvent and removing the diluent or solvent or by polymerizing a salt and monomer mixture utilizing a metal or a Lewis acid catalyst.

Abstract: An electric current producing primary electrochemical cell and a process for producing electric current at an ambient temperature of about 20.degree. C. to about 100.degree. C. in a primary electrochemical cell using a polymer electrolyte which is a solid at a temperature of about 20.degree. C. to about 100.degree. C.

Abstract: A tool for securing a tap duct to an opening in a tap duct sized main duct having a base structure for extending transversely across and seating in supported relationship against the exterior open end of a tap duct flanged at the opposite end; an anvil structure movable so as to force the flanged end of said tap duct outwardly and toward the interior wall of a main duct; manually activated bending structure mounted on said base structure suitable for extending said anvil structure against the flanges of said tap duct outwardly and toward the interior wall of said main duct.

Abstract: A vehicle presence detection system capable of detecting multiple entry and exiting comprising an electrical signal generating system comprising a tuned circuit having a magnetic field-producing induction loop for receiving a vehicle in proximity thereto to change the field configuration and corresponding signal resulting therefrom. Signals generated by said loop result from changes in the field of said loop and occur as a result of the entrance or exiting of a vehicle into or away from the proximity of the loop. A first or signal amplifier is used for amplification of the signal received from said loop. A second amplifier responds to positive or negative polarity input from said first amplifier to provide an output in response to a rapidly changing input which will activate a logic gate for sensing the polarity of said second amplifier output signal and producing a gated output signal.

Abstract: Polyhydroxy-polyalkylene-polyamine salts of maleic amide acids are useful metal corrosion inhibitors for use in water-in-oil emulsions.

Abstract: Process for printing on synthetic fibers of polyester, triacetate, acetate and polyamide and mixtures of these fibers with dispersion dyes according to the discharge or discharge resist process, where a mixture of the following substances is used as a discharging agent:(a) 5 to 50 parts by weight of a compound having formula ##STR1## in which Me=Na, K, NH.sub.4 and alkyl substituted ammonium groups or an ammonium derivative which contains at least one radical derived from an alkali metal or ammonium salt of methane sulfinic acid,(b) 5 to 50 parts by weight of hexamethylene tetramine and(c) 0 to 20 parts by weight of anthraquinone.

Abstract: Spray dried vitamin E powders comprising 50 to 56 percent by weight vitamin E, 1 to 25 percent by weight hydrolyzed gelatin and 20 to 30 percent by weight caseinate. The resulting powders can be directly compressed into tablets of improved hardness and friability.

Abstract: Polyether-based thickeners for aqueous systems, said polyethers having molecular weights of about 1000 to about 25,000 which are modified by reaction with at least one glycidyl ether having a carbon chain length of about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms, exhibit increased thickening efficiency in the presence of certain organic additives. These are ethoxylated phosphate esters or mixtures of said esters with water-soluble amines. The polyethers contain about 1 to about 20 percent by weight, based upon the weight of the liquid polyether, of a glycidyl ether. Polyether-based thickeners containing an ethoxylated phosphate ester, or said ester in admixture with a water-soluble amine, and thickened aqueous compositions are disclosed together with processes for the preparation of thickened aqueous systems. The polyether-based thickeners of the invention are particularly useful for thickening water or water-glycol mixtures which are useful as hydraulic fluids.

Abstract: Gas production wells, which no longer produce gas utilizing conventional primary and secondary means of recovery, can be returned to production by treatment comprising addition of an aqueous solution of certain phosphate ester surfactants followed by successive treatment with water. Increased production also can be obtained in low-producing gas wells by similar treatment with certain phosphate ester surfactants. Subsequent to treatment of a producer well, said phosphate ester surfactant aqueous solution is forced into the formation utilizing water and said surfactant and water mixture is allowed to remain in the producing well, for an effective period of time ranging from not less than 24 hours to one month. Thereafter, conventional fluid drive means are then utilized to recover gas from the subterranean gas formation.