Abstract: Surface acoustic wave resonators are used to provide band pass filters. The length of each resonator is related to the lumped constant inductor and capacitor values of the components of the low pass filter equivalent. This invention allows high frequency s.a.w. type filters to be constructed by reference to already available inductor and capacitor values from tables of low pass filter designs.

Abstract: A system for inactivation of microorganisms (viruses, bacteria, toxins and cells) such as, for example, Herpes simplex viruses by superposition of a component such as, for example, methylene blue (MB) plus light, oxygen and electricity. The system serves to generate the superoxide radical anion (O.sub.2) and consequently hydrogen peroxide (H.sub.2 O.sub.2) and the hydroxyl radical (OH.), both of which enter into the inactivation process, but each has use beyond said system.

Abstract: A hydrodynamically superior trawl door with increased efficiency in harvesting fish and reducing fuel expenditures is composed of curved steel panels, which may be of constant radius to allow for economy in manufacturing. The door approximates an ideal hydrofoil surface, presenting a streamlined surface to the flow of water and a relatively sharp hydrodynamic trailing edge, and allowing for a moderate angle of attack and a high lift coefficient. The door is hollow and may be airtight and contains a flood opening with a baffle to allow air to be trapped inside to provide, even when hydrostatically compressed, some measure of vertical stablity. Further, the water ballast is automatically jetisoned during hauling in. The bottom of the door is curved to allow easy clearance of seafloor obstructions.

Abstract: A cephalosporin antibiotic is produced from a precursor comprising the five membered thiazolidine ring and the .beta. lactam moiety characteristics of penicillins by contacting the precursor with a cell-free extract of Cephalosporium acremonium in the presence of ATP under conditions favoring high oxygen transfer. Preferably, an ATP regeneration system comprising a phosphate donor and a phosphotransferase enzyme is included in the reaction.

Abstract: A tone control circuit using only one potentiometer to provide bass or treble control is described. An integrator and a differentiator are connected to the input of the circuit and their outputs to the two ends of the potentiometer. Electrical connection between the potentiometer and the input is also made to provide a flat frequency characteristic component in the output signal.

Abstract: A fluid mixing apparatus having means for producing vortex-like motions of the fluids introduced therein, one embodiment of such an apparatus, for example, using two concentrically mounted inner and outer members, preferably cylindrical, moveable relative to each other at rotational speeds such as to produce the desired vortex-like motions of the fluids introduced into the region therebetween. In one embodiment thereof, the vortex-like motions may be obtained at relatively low rotational speeds by the use of V-shaped grooves on the inner member. In addition, suitable means can further be used to generate a de-stabilizing force for the fluids in a direction substantially perpendicular to the velocity streamlines thereof to further enhance the mixing effectiveness and to improve the quality of the mix, such de-stabilizing force in one embodiment, for example, being generated by the application of an electric field across the region between the inner and outer members.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for determining the concentration of any of a wide range of antigen or antibody molecules with a high degree of specificity, accuracy and sensitivity. Antigen or antibody concentration is determined by effecting an agglutination reaction between carrier particles in a liquid medium, exposing the liquid medium to a beam of light, and measuring the ratio of the intensities of light scattered at two different angles as a function of antigen or antibody concentration. The unknown concentration of antibody or antigen is determined by comparison with similar measurements of the anisotropy ratio using known concentrations of the molecule being tested for. The agglutination reaction is performed using carrier particles coated with an agglutinant. The carrier particles should be fairly uniform in size and their diameter can be less than or comparable to the wavelength of light.

Abstract: A fluid mixing apparatus having means for producing vortex-like motions of the fluids introduced therein, one embodiment of such an apparatus, for example, using two concentrically mounted inner and outer members, preferably cylindrical, moveable relative to each other at rotational speeds such as to produce the desired vortex-like motions of the fluids introduced into the region therebetween. In one embodiment thereof, the vortex-like motions may be obtained at relatively low rotational speeds by the use of V-shaped grooves on the inner member. In addition, suitable means can further be used to generate a de-stabilizing force for the fluids in a direction substantially perpendicular to the velocity streamlines thereof to further enhance the mixing effectiveness and to improve the quality of the mix, such de-stabilizing force in one embodiment, for example, being generated by the application of an electric field across the region between the inner and outer members.

Abstract: A microprocessor-based system serves as a message routing switch for communication between a number of different devices. Any device attached to the switch can communicate with any other attached device through a number of serial and parallel Input/Output ports. Communication between devices attached to the switch is in one of two formats. In a first method of communication, an attached device can be directly associated with another attached device in which case any communication from one is immediately transmitted to the other. In a second method of communication, an attached device communicates with the switch by means of fixed format packets, each of which contains a specification of its destination and error checking capabilities. This second method of communication permits examination of the validity of messages transmitted to or from the switch and enables message retransmission in the case of error.

Abstract: Fast lithium-ion conductors are provided having low resistivities and low-activation-energy mobilities at temperatures at which lithium salts are molten. The novel compounds promote lithium-ion transport in a three dimensional framework and have the general formula:Li.sub.16-2x D.sub.x (TO).sub.4).sub.4wherein D is a divalent cation such as Mg.sup.2+, Zn.sup.2+, Ca.sup.2+ or mixtures thereof, T is a tetravalent cation such as si.sup.4+, Ge.sup.4+ or mixtures thereof and x is a number greater than zero and less than 4.

Abstract: A system for mixing a shot of at least two fluid components in which the components are stored in accumulators and are supplied simultaneously therefrom to the input ports of a mixing device. The fluid components are stored in the accumulators at preselected pressures which will tend to assure that the fluids are supplied approximately at a desired preselected volume flow rate ratio. Positive displacement devices are placed in the lines which supply the fluids from the accumulators to the mixing device, such devices being mechanically linked through gear linkage having a gear ratio selected in accordance with the preselected volume flow rate ratio. During operation, the positive displacement devices assure that the preselected volume flow rate ratio of the fluids is maintained at the desired ratio throughout the entire shot.

Abstract: A process for fabricating polyimide membrane x-ray lithography masks is described. Thin membrane of polyimide is formed by spinning polyamic acid on a glass substrate and polymerizing in situ. The glass substrate acts as a holder and efficient heat sink during formation of gold absorber patterns on top of the polyimide. A support ring is then bonded to the polyimide, and the glass etched in dilute HF. Optically smooth polyimide membranes with thicknesses from 0.5 to 5 .mu.m are readily achieved. The method and resulting product is not limited to the above materials or to masks.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for determining the concentration or quantity of enzyme molecules, microorganisms or substrate molecules by monitoring directly the concentration and/or the quantity of vaporous by-product produced from the selective reaction of the molecule catalyzed with a known amount of substrate or of an enzyme or a microorganism. The apparatus comprises a membrane permeable to the vaporous product or substrate, a known amount of microorganism or an enzyme adjacent to the membrane, means for introducing a liquid sample into contact with the microorganism or enzyme within a small volume adjacent the membrane and means for measuring the amount of vaporous by-product passing through the membrane. A mass spectrometer located adjacent the membrane surface is suitable for measuring the amount of vaporous product or substrate passing through the membrane.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for self-sustaining high vacuum in a high voltage environment. The method and apparatus employ ion pumping; the apparatus can be an integral part of high voltage equipment and acts to maintain a high vacuum condition in such equipment.

Abstract: Homogeneous blends are provided comprising a diblock copolymer of isoprene and butadiene and a homopolymer constituent which is polyisoprene, polybutadiene or mixtures of polyisoprene and polybutadiene.

Abstract: A planar semiconductor optical waveguide, modulator, variable coupler and switch are described. The waveguide has an epitaxial layer on a semiconductor substrate. Two spaced strips of opposite conductivity type are implanted in the layer to form an optical waveguide channel in the space. By closely spacing two waveguide channels so that they have a common strip and a strip outside each channel, coupling is obtained between the channels. For a switch, the coupling length is such that substantially all the optical energy in the input channel is coupled to and emerges from the other channel. Reverse biasing one of the outside strips causes the optical energy to divide between the input channel and the output channel to provide output power modulation or variable coupling, and substantially complete transfer of power (switching) for a particular value of reverse bias.

Abstract: Fast sodium-ion transport compositions of the formula:Na.sub.1+x Zr.sub.2 Si.sub.x P.sub.3-x O.sub.12wherein x is greater than 0 and less than 3 are formed from ZrSiO.sub.4 and anhydrous trisodium phosphate, disodium phosphate, mixtures of trisodium phosphate and disodium phosphate alone or with sodium phosphate.

Abstract: Acyl phosphate salts suitable for use as phosphate donors in the production of cofactors, such as adenosine triphosphate, are prepared by acylation of phosphoric acid with a ketene, followed by reaction with ammonia or an amine. The reaction product, e.g. diammonium acetyl phosphate, can normally be used directly in enzymic production of cofactors without the necessity of prior conversion to the free acid or another salt, such as the sodium salt. The acyl phosphate salts are produced in high yields, and the method allows production of cofactors for use in biosynthesis from readily available materials.

Abstract: A method and compositions are provided to effect optimization of methods for determining concentrations of antibodies or antigens. Particles coated with an antigen or an antibody are suspended in an aqueous medium where pH and ionic strength are controlled so that the coulomb effect and the van der Waals forces on and exerted by the particles are balanced.

Abstract: Optical radiation generation and detection using metal-to-metal diode junctions. Coherent optical radiation is generated by using an antenna connected to a metal-to-metal diode junction with non-linear current-voltage characteristics and by coupling to the junction electromagnetic radiation energy to interact with the junction, causing emission from the antenna at optical frequency absent from the input. Optical diodes are shown in the forms of a mechanically contacted cat whisker system and as single and multiple microscopic solid portions in an integrated solid mass, defining both the antenna and the junction, preferably as a deposit of solid layers upon a substrate, preferably as overlapping printed circuit line structures. Arrays of such junctions provide enhanced effects; useful arrays include Franklin-Marconi geometries, fish-bone antennas and row and column arrays.