Abstract: A metal composition characterized by greater than about 65 weight percent degenerate denritic or nodular primary discrete solid particles suspended in a secondary phase having a lower melting point than the primary particles and which secondary phase can be solid or liquid. The method involves raising the temperature of a metal alloy to a value at which the alloy is largely or completely in the molten state. The melt is then subjected to vigorous agitation in an apparatus having an inner surface contacting the liquid-primary solid composition that is not wet by the composition and the heat is extracted to increase the portion of the mixture is in solid degenerate dendrite or nodular form greater than about sixty-five percent while continuing the agitation.

Abstract: Liquid mixtures are used as the active medium in two-photon resonant four-wave mixing processes to achieve efficient nonlinear conversion of infrared laser frequencies. The resonant energy levels involved in these four-wave mixing processes are Raman-active vibrational modes of a molecular species which is one of the major constituents of the liquid mixture. Additional molecular and/or atomic constituents are added to the active molecular species to adjust the dispersion of the medium to optimize the nonlinear process. Diluents further may be used to fine-tune the two-photon resonance parameters to better match available infrared laser sources.

Abstract: A composite panel is described in which the face sheets and the core have properties such that the panel produces a double wall resonance near the low frequency end of the principal speech bands and in which the panel produces interaction between the symmetric and antisymmetric mode in the principal speech bands, thereby providing greater than mass-law transmission loss over a substantial portion of the audio frequency spectrum. At frequencies above the principal speech bands effects are determined primarily by the properties of the individual face sheets.

Abstract: To permit a cook to easily adapt an existing recipe, a calculator includes logic circuitry for calculating and storing the ratio of servings desired to servings stated in the recipe. The calculator also includes a keyboard for entering the quantity of each ingredient stated in the recipe. Desired units of measure and stated units of measure can be entered through marked keys. The calculator converts a stated quantity in the stated units to the amount required for the desired number of servings in the desired units of measure. The results are displayed on a visual display.

Abstract: A way of automatically inspecting a machined part, for example, to a tolerance of 0.001 inches. A minicomputer monitors a change in phase, for example, of wave energy impinging upon a sample part and compares it with a change in phase of such energy for a standard or master part, any difference between the monitored changes being interpreted to determine if the sample is within acceptable tolerance limits. The inspection approach described uses no moving parts and can be used to inspect many dimensions of a part simultaneously in less than a second. Acoustic waves or microwave electromagnetic wave energy can be used to inspect parts of any shape. The inspection system disclosed can be used, as well, to monitor the geometry of an object over time to note any changes in said geometry. And the concepts of the inspection system can be employed in conjunction with robot-controlled devices to provide close-positioning data for such devices.

Abstract: A pulsed gas laser in which a multitude of sheet-form conductors are assembled face to face with aligned apertures defining a beam path through the thickness of the assembly. In the embodiment shown the conductors are paired to form transmission lines, one conductor of each transmission line being interrupted and exposed at the aperture to form a discharge gap while the opposite conductor is electrically isolated from the aperture. The impedance introduced to the transmission line discharge circuit by a suitable aperture is found to be sufficiently low to permit application of a fast rise voltage wave for energizing gas at the gap. Increase in the number of elements in the assembly can progressively increase performance over a wide range.

Abstract: A method that permits essentially exact synthesis of a cylindrically symmetric static magnetic field of specified and fixed characteristics and either spatially uniform or non-uniform, as required, in a magnet of arbitrary, but feasible, shape and apparatus that provides such cylindrically symmetric static magnetic field.

Abstract: Sulfur analogs of 6-aminopenicillanic acid and biologically active derivatives thereof are formed in a photochemical reaction of the esters of 6-diazopenicillanic acid with thiol compounds. Sulfur analogs of 7-aminocephalosporanic acid and biologically active derivatives thereof may be analogously formed in a photochemical reaction of the esters of 7-diazocephalosporanic acid with thiol compounds, or preferably, are formed from the corresponding sulfur analogs of 6-aminopenicillanic acid and derivatives thereof, through sulfoxide rearrangement of the thiazolidine ring of penicillins to the dihydrothiazine ring system of cephalosporins. These sulfur analogs of penicillins and cephalosporins are new antibacterial agents and display antibacterial activity against a wide variety of organisms.

Abstract: An electronic game wherein simulated players, a simulated object, a simulated playing field, and so forth, are produced electronically on the image screen of a television receiver by an electronic master controller, the players being caused to move about in both the .+-. x direction and the .+-. y direction by the electronic master controller under the control of human operators. Movement of the simulated object, spatial coincidence of the players and the object, and so forth, are all sensed and predetermined actions are taken on the image screen by virtue of signals from the electronic master controller to the television receiver.

Abstract: Liquid-solid ferrous compositions containing up to about 85 weight percent degenerate dendrites by vigorously agitating a partially solidified ferrous composition in an agitation zone to form degenerate dendrites while preventing the formation of interconnected dendritic networks. The interior surface of the agitation zone and the agitator is formed of high density recrystallized aluminum which remains stable against degradation by the partially molten ferrous composition and is not wet by the ferrous composition. An inert or protective gas blanket is maintained at the outlet of the agitation zone to prevent oxidation and slag formation thereby to prevent clogging of the outlet.

Abstract: An archery bow having a pair of elastic limbs at least one of the limbs storing potential energy in the deformation of its cross sectional shape as the bow is drawn as well as in its bending mode in the plane of the bow.

Abstract: Acyl phosphate salts suitable for use as phosphate donors in the production of cofactors, such as adenosine triphosphate, are prepared by acylation of phosphoric acid with a ketene, followed by reaction with ammonia or an amine. The reaction product, e.g. diammonium acetyl phosphate, can normally be used directly in enzymic production of cofactors without the necessity of prior conversion to the free acid or another salt, such as the sodium salt. The acyl phosphate salts are produced in high yields, and the method allows production of cofactors for use in biosynthesis from readily available materials.

Abstract: High-temperature (1200-1500K) electrolysis of water and recombination of the products in a medium-temperature (530K) fuel cell achieve a practical efficiency exceeding 50%. A solid electrolyte is chosen for the electrolytic cell and in combination with the Bacon fuel cell, which offers high efficiency and automatic replenishing of water vapor into the cycle realizes a high-efficiency electrochemical cycle. Both high-temperature, gas-cooled reactors and conventional combustion processes may be used as heat sources. Unconventional heat sources, such as concentrated solar energy, can also be used. A regenerative counterflow heat exchanger and a waste-heat power plant serve as energy-conserving devices. An important feature of this cycle is the flexibility of operation that can be achieved by adding hydrogen storage. Switching among power-generating, load-averaging, and hydrogen-generating modes can then be done by simple gas-flow valves.

Abstract: A rotating electric machine having an armature winding wound in the form of a toroid. The toroidal winding consists of a plurality of sectors which are wound in alternating sense and are disposed circumferentially around a rotor. The sectors are interconnected around the torus to form a substantially continuous circumferential voltage gradient which is approximately sinusoidal in the circumferential direction.

Abstract: A spark plug wherein corona discharge is employed to create a long arc and to determine, in part, the path of the arc, electrodes of the spark plug being shaped, oriented and positioned to create an arc of desired length, orientation and at a desired location as well as to effect electromagnetic interaction between electric current in the arc and the current in at least one of the electrodes to provide a force on the arc which acts in consort with the electrode shapes, positions and orientations to control its spatial behavior, the electrode configuration being further selected so that ionized species in the flame of ignited fuel are subjected to a high electric field over a substantial volume.

Abstract: A first order phase-lock loop that provides lower phase-error variance than classical systems at all frequencies when operated above threshold. The linear, minimum-variance filter described, in preferred form, employs three summers, two integrators, four system parameters, and two gain elements, the first and fourth system parameters being equal and the second and third system parameters being equal. The loop input, which contains a signal corrupted by noise, is connected as one input to the first summer whose output provides input to each of the gain elements. The first gain element is connected as one input to the second summer whose output is connected to the first integrator. The output of the first integrator, which is also the loop output and which is an estimate of the signal, is fed back negatively as one input to the first and second summers and as one negative input to the third summer.

Abstract: A new class of cobalt-based alloys and the like containing hafnium carbide (HfC) of particle size finer than about 3 microns and containing HfC in the range 2 to 15% by volume. The class has good strength characteristics at both very high and very low temperatures, it exhibits very good stability, and it has excellent oxidation characteristics even at temperatures at 2000.degree. F and above. In addition, the alloy has ductility and low-temperature toughness characteristics that make it attractive for wrought processes.

Abstract: Analgesia is produced or hyperalgesia is reduced in an animal including human beings by administering 3-(p-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-N-methyl-3-phenylpropylamine either alone or with morphine sulfate. A novel composition is provided comprising 3-(p-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-N-methyl-3-phenylpropylamine and 25 to 50 weight percent morphine sulfate based upon the weight of the phenylpropylamine.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for growing films composed of low-melting-point materials from a feed material whose constituents have large differences in vapor pressure. In the system disclosed, the feed material is contained within an ampoule whose only outlet is a downwardly directed capillary tube and delivered in the form of a melt to a heated environment whose temperature is higher than the temperature of vaporization of the constituent of the feed material having the highest vaporization temperature, thereby to effect flash vaporization of the liquid and thus avoid changes in composition or phase separation.

Abstract: Improved reactive absorbent solutions for absorbing gaseous components are provided by incorporating weakly dissociating compounds in liquid absorbents. When the gaseous component to be dissolved is acid-forming, the absorbent solution should be alkaline, the weakly dissociated compound should be a weak acid or salt thereof, and the pH of the solution should approximate the pK.sub.A of the acid. When the gaseous component is base-forming, the liquid absorbent should be acidic, the weakly dissociating compound should be a weak base, and the pOH of the solution should approximately match the pK.sub.B of the weak base. The weakly dissociated compounds are 1 to 20 times more effective in increasing absorption rates, than additions of equivalent amounts of the primary acidic or basic reactants. Where the absorbed gas is desorbable, the addition of the weakly dissociating compounds has similar effects in increasing the rate of desorption.