Abstract: A mobile terminal device for telecommunications includes a switch circuit which comprises two field effect transistors connected in series to an input terminal, an output terminal and a common input/output terminal respectively, for AC signals. The switch circuit includes control devices which are cyclically shifted for the two transistors. The control devices are formed by pulsed multiplexed bias voltages of amplifiers which produce and receive the AC signals, and by a logic OR-circuit of diodes and resistor. The voltages on the terminals of the diodes are connected between the gate and source of the transistors for their cyclically time-shifted control.

Abstract: When speech data are transmitted via radio in the European mobile radio telephone system according to the GSM standard, always 20 ms speech data are transmitted as source-coded code words between the mobile stations and the fixed stations. The fixed stations are again connected to a central station via a connection having a smaller bandwidth, in which central station the speech decoders are arranged. Since transmission errors which cannot be corrected by the channel decoder in prior-art system are masked in the channel decoder in the central station, only a very simple error masking option is provided. According to the invention, the channel decoder which is arranged in the mobile and fixed stations close to the receiver, more signals are derived which feature the reliability of the received data and, in dependence on these additional data, extensive different error masking measures are carried out on the received code words. This does not only take place in the mobile station, but also in the fixed station.

Abstract: A display device comprising a cathode ray tube is provided with a holder which comprises a faceplate and which is arranged in front of the display window. The space between the faceplate and the display window is filled with a liquid or a gel. An improved image display, in particular an improved contrast and a flatter image are obtained.

Abstract: The method divides the buffer memory of an interactive processing and display means in a manner which permits the user to select a portion of a stored image defined by a variable set of address boundaries defining a portion of memory residing within a larger portion of memory defined by another set of address boundaries which in turn resides within a global portion of memory defined by yet another set of address boundaries. The user can vary the variable set of address boundaries so that if they intersect with the address boundaries of the larger portions of memory in which they reside, the buffer memory is updated from a bulk memory.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for repetitively imaging a mask pattern (C) on a substrate (W) are described. The focusing of the projection lens system used for imaging and various other parameters of the apparatus and the projection lens system (PL), as well as illumination doses can be measured accurately and reliably, and measuring devices of the apparatus can be calibrated, by measuring an image of a new asymmetrical test mark formed in the photoresist on the substrate (W) by means of a projection beam (PB).

Abstract: The invention relates to a disc-shaped transducer (10) for a weighing system, comprising surfaces (14) which extend parallel to one another and in a direction of application of a force (F) to be measured, at least one of said surfaces being provided with a sensing element (13) for converting a force-dependent deformation into a useful signal. Transducers (10) of this kind usually exhibit a material-dependent, significant hysteresis effect which adversely affects their calibration possibilities; therefore, the transducer (10) comprises four sub-faces (21) which are formed by a centre line (17) parallel to the direction of application of the force (F) and a centre line (20) which is orthogonal thereto, at least two of said sub-faces which adjoin one another in only one point comprising a respective area of reduced cross-section or reduced thickness, so that the hysteresis can be compensated for.

Abstract: A time division multiple access digital transmission system is provided in which the various clock systems in mobile radio stations are derived from the same reference clock signal generator which is controlled with an adjustment signal (adj) which is a function of at least a derivate (TOI.sub.d) of a determined time delay (TOI) between a received time slot position and an expected time slot position. Preferably, the control function also includes a mean (TOI.sub.m) of the determined delay.

Abstract: A mobile radio terminal comprises a speech processor for processing a first and at least a further speech signal formed by noise and speech signal components and available as sample values. The sampled further speech signal is delayed by an adjustable delay value. Control means are provided which are used for forming gradient estimates. The control means are additionally used for recursively determining delay estimates from the gradient estimates. By rounding the delay estimates, the delay values are formed. Furthermore, their mutually time-shifted speech signals are added together by means of an adder device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a substrate made from a novel type of ceramic material. This material comprises 44-47 at. % A1, 31-39 at. % O, 8-13 at. % C and 8-12 at. % N. Substrates made from this material exhibit a relatively high heat conductance, a relatively great strength and their coefficient of expansion is equal to that of Si. Consequently, the substrates in accordance with the invention are very suitable for use in the Si-semiconductor technology. The main component of the ceramic material of the substrates preferably corresponds to the formula Al.sub.28 O.sub.21 C.sub.6 N.sub.6. The invention also provides methods of manufacturing substrates and other mouldings from this material.

Abstract: A communication system comprising an Asynchronous Transmission Mode ("ATM") network and at least one demultiplexing device. The demultiplexing device receives information cells which include a header, containing the destination to which the cells are to be transmitted, and data. The demultiplexing device comprises at least one input access for receiving the cells, a plurality of output accesses, at least one network circuit, a plurality of service circuits and a common data line. The network circuit has an input access, a header analyzing element, a routing table and a combining element. At least one of the output accesses are assigned to each of the service circuits. The routing table produces a routing information signal which determines the destination to which the cells are to be transmitted. The combining element combines the information signal and the data and transmits the same on the common data line.

Abstract: In a method of data transmission from a plurality of sub-stations to a main station over a common channel which is subdivided into time slots whose length and synchronization are determined by a corresponding time slot distribution of a data transmission signal sent out by the main station, in which each sub-station has a predetermined probability p of transmitting a data packet in each time slot, the throughput of the communication channel is improved in that if the main station has correctly received in a specific time slot (n) a data packet coming from a specific sub-station, always a next time slot (n+j) will be reserved to be exclusively used by that specific sub-station.

Abstract: A device for displaying cartographic information, such as traffic situations with navigation data in the case of use in a navigation system, contains a memory for cartographic data, a location-determining unit and a display, is provided with a selection unit for the repeated selection, on the basis of data from the location-determining unit, from the memory of data relating to a traffic situation to be anticipated and is provided with a processing unit for an analysis of the selected data and the generation, on the basis of the analysis, of a stylised display, which can be interpreted rapidly, of the traffic situation to be anticipated, optionally incorporating a symbol which indicates the route to be followed.

Abstract: Method, transmitter and receiver for transmitting, receiving and displaying teletext pages. A Level 1 teletext page transmitted in a known manner is extended to a higher display level using extension signals. To activate a desired attribute in an area covering a plurality of rows, the extension signals include a height code which indicates the number of further rows in which the further attributes must be repeated.

Abstract: An enhanced power saving method for operating a battery powered hand-held communication system, particularly a cordless phone system, and the communication system constructed in accordance with the power saving method are described. The power saving method consists of an algorithm which divides the standby time of the communication system into a scanning mode and a sleep mode having several different levels to allow the system to enter the scanning mode intermittently. Each level of the sleep mode corresponds to a given length of delay time between two successive scanning periods. The communication system enters different levels of the sleep mode in accordance with the standby time history. The more standby time that passes, the longer the sleep time for the level that the system may enter. This reduces the scan rate when the system is not used for a long period.

Abstract: A transceiver for use in a radio transmission system has a plurality of receiving antennas and a plurality of transmitting antennas. The time delays between received antenna signals produced by a radio signal transmitted from another transceiver in the system are detected. For transmission, the time delays between the transmitted antenna signals are adjusted to correspond to the detected time delays between the received antenna signals. By antenna sharing, each may actually serve for both transmission and reception. Since the delayed transmitted signals will arrive simultaneously at the other transceiver they will superpose on each other, thus achieving a significant improvement in received signal strength at such transceiver.

Abstract: An optical scanner for a disc placed on a turntable, having a scanning device mounted on a slide which is movable radially with respect to the turntable. The slide includes a body made of two thin plates which are parallel to each other and the direction of movement. The plates have patterns of raised portions which face each other. The plates are fixed to each other at locations where the raised portions contact each other.

Abstract: A one-piece element for splitting part of the radiation of an incident beam, to form a sub-beam having a different direction. The element includes a mirror for reflecting the sub-beam at an increased angle with respect to the direction of the incident beam. The element is preferably a homogeneous molding, with an internally reflecting mirror.

Abstract: The amplifier stage comprises at the output two MOS power transistors in series between a positive supply line and earth, the gate of each of these being controlled by a respective amplifier. An input signal is applied to the input of these amplifiers so as to be compared with an output signal of the amplifier stage. The amplifiers are each provided with an inhibiting input with which it is possible to connect to earth the gate of the corresponding power transistor, and the amplifier stage comprises two transistors which act as switches achieving that either the one or the other of the inhibiting inputs is connected to earth, so that a simultaneous conduction of the power transistors is excluded.

Abstract: A charging device for charging a rechargeable battery including a current supplier for supplying charging current to a battery having an initial temperature at the beginning of the supply of charging current, a selector for selecting an end temperature based on a temperature range the initial temperature is in and a current terminator for terminating the supply of charging current when a battery reaches the end temperature. A rechargeable battery including a strain gauge having a temperature coefficient differing from a temperature coefficient of the battery housing is also provided.

Abstract: A high-quality lens system (PL) is described, which system is rinsed with a gas having a low refractive index so as to reduce the influence of variations of ambient parameters on the optical behaviour. By adding a very small quantity of ozone to this gas, it is prevented that any deposit will be produced on the lens elements within the lens holder (PLH) as a result of decomposition of organic particles caused by UV radiation and precipitation of the decomposition products.