Abstract: An angle sensor includes at least two angularly spaced sensor units which measure in a contactless manner and whose sensor voltages are similar but angularly shifted sinusoidal functions (sensor characteristic) of the angle .alpha. to be measured relative to a rotatable element and a processing circuit forms an angle sensor voltage which is a measure of the angle .alpha.. Using limited analog circuitry, a wide angular range is obtained and also a monotonously increasing angle sensor voltage which is dependent as linearly as possible on the angle to be measured, in that the sensor voltages are direct voltages which are constant in time.

Abstract: A segmented photomultiplier tube having an electrode which, in its higher part acts as a focusing electrode for distributing photo-electrons on both sides of an axial plane, while in its lower part forming a collection cage, the photo-electrons undergo a first multiplication at the portions of the lateral walls, which are folded towards the axial plane. Apertures in a median plate of the electrode are covered by a highly transparent grid. The electrode is completed by a central partition which extends along the median plate just to the proximity of an input dynode of a laminated multiplier. A bar having a small cross-section may be provided, centered on the axial plane and receiving a potential near the potential across the photocathode. A plurality of these tubes can be arranged in a mosaic pattern for mapping luminous events.

Abstract: For locating an earthbound and freely movable vehicle, first interfacing to an external coordinate system for determining an actual vehicle position is effected. This position is recurrently and wireless transmitted to a remote station. For restricting the number of transmissions in the vehicle a discrete internal change of status is detected. Upon detection the transmitting is effected.

Abstract: Traffic information is gathered by traffic centres (TC) and quite frequently it is desired to alert drivers to the presence of a hazard which can be avoided if an early warning can be given. However as most hazards are of local interest then in order to avoid transmitting the early warning nationally, a system is used to transmit the early warning to suitably equipped vehicles using the digital cellular radio network. In view of the fact that the location of the network's base stations (BS1 to 3, BS20 and BS21) and their contemporaneous coverage areas may be unknown to the traffic centres it is necessary for the traffic centres to relay a description of the geographical area over which an early warning should be given to the control computer (C) of the cellular network so that the control computer can decide which of the base stations provide a combined coverage area most closely matching the description of the geographical area and activate the transmitters of the selected base stations.

Abstract: The invention relates to a safety unit for an electric 3-phase circuit for use in, for example, an electric motor. The safety unit comprises three semi-conducting components (1, 2, 3) each of which has a first terminal (4, 6, 8) and a second terminal (5, 7, 9). The safety unit also comprises a support (10) having three contact pins (11, 12, 13) as well as an insertive module (14). The components are secured to the support and electrically contact one of the contact pins (11, 12, 13) via the first terminals (4, 6, 8). Desired electric interconnections between the terminals are established by means of the insertive module (14) via receptive apertures in the support. Such a safety unit exhibits a great sturdiness and a high electrical safety. In addition, the use of specially constructed insertive modules enables a "star" configuration to be converted into a "delta" configuration, and conversely, in a simple manner.

Abstract: A chip card including a card base with a recess. A circuit support and a microcircuit is arranged on a circuit support surface which faces an interior of the recess and is spaced from the recess bottom. A raised portion is formed on the recess bottom and spaced from a cover section so as to divide the recess into two regions bounded by the recess bottom, the cover section and the raised portion. The first region is completely filled with an encapsulant and the second region is partly filled with the encapsulant.

Abstract: A method, oven, and device for heating a strip-shaped carrier in an oven, which carrier is passed through the oven by a transport device, while the oven is displaced in a direction opposed to the transport direction when a malfunction is detected in the supply or removal of the strip-shaped carrier.

Abstract: An apparatus including at least one input terminal for electrical connection to an external conductor, a ground terminal and a protection circuit connected between the input and ground terminals. The protection circuit comprises at least one transient voltage suppressor. During a test, the transient voltage suppressor can be made inoperative by a switch that interrupts the electrical continuity of the protection circuit. At least the protection circuit and the switch are accommodated in a housing.

Abstract: A microlamp structure and method of making the same is set forth having light collection and light directing features. The microlamp structure is of a luminescent gas discharge type. The light collection structures may include types of reflectors while the light directing structures may include lens features. These features may be included singly or in combination and may be provided on the exterior of the microlamp structure or on the interior of the microlamp at a light forming cavity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a substrate made from a novel type of ceramic material. This material comprises 44-47 at. % Al, 31-39 at. % O, 8-13 at. % C and 8-12 at. % N. Substrates made from this material exhibit a relatively high heat conductance, a relatively great strength and their coefficient of expansion is equal to that of Si. Consequently, the substrates in accordance with the invention are very suitable for use in the Si-semiconductor technology. The main component of the ceramic material of the substrates preferably corresponds to the formula Al.sub.28 O.sub.21 C.sub.6 N.sub.6. The invention also provides methods of manufacturing substrates and other mouldings from this material.